Vocabulary focus

1. Find words and phrases in the text which mean the same as the following:

1. carefully, not wastefully (paragraph 1)

2. expand the range of products (paragraph 3)

3. operate ( paragraph 4)

4. resolving (paragraph 4)

5. said in clear, detailed way (paragraph 5)

2. Managers set objectives.

What is an objective?

Give examples of objectives that sales, production, and personnel managers might set.

3. Phrasal verbs with out. Find in the text sentences with sort out (paragraph 4) and spell out (paragraph 5) and translate them into Russian.

Complete the following sentences, using suitable forms of the verbs in the box below

sort out spell out sell out

make out buy out sound out

bring out carry out turn out

pull out

1. The firm …………… about five hundred sports car a year.

2. We hope …………… our production problems soon.

3. If the firm doesn’t make a profit, the owners will probably …………… .

4. I’m willing to consider introducing flextime, but would you first …………… the advantages of the system, please?

5. Givenchy have …………… an exciting new perfume.

6. Would you …………… the cheque to David Cotton, please?

7. In order to develop new products, pharmaceutical companies have to …………… a lot of research.

8. Several leading banks such as Barklays have …………… of South Africa.

9. A group of senior managers want to take over the firm by …………… it …………… .

10. We’re looking for a new executive. I understand one or two possible candidates have already been …………… .

In pairs, use some of the verbs above in sentences of your own. Grammar drill

Translate the following sentences, paying attention to the verbals (participle, gerund, infinitive):

1. These organizations are essential to our existence, helping to create our standard of living and our quality of life.

2. There are people carrying out the work of a manager although they do not have that title.

3. They have a responsibility to use the resources of their organization effectively and economically to achieve its objectives.

4. To manage is «to forecast and plan, to organize, to command, to coordinate and to control».

5. Instead of talking about command, they say a manager must motivate or direct and lead other workers.

6. Managers at this level spend a great deal of time communicating, coordinating and making decisions affecting the daily operation of their organization.

7. Managers must select people for the jobs to be done.

8. Managers not only need analytical ability but also understanding of human beings.

9. Their task is to motivate and communicate effectively.

10. To succeed in this task, managers need social skills.

11. Having set targets and standards, managers have to measure the performance of the organization, and of its staff, in relation to those targets.

12. Managers develop people, including themselves

Инфинитив в предложении

Английский вариант	Русский вариант	Функция и место инфинитива в английском предложении
To read English books is useful	Читать английские книги – полезно.	Подлежащее; в начале предложения и другого подлежащего нет. Переводится существительным или неопределенной формой глагола
To live is to learn	Жить – значит учиться	частью сказуемого; стоит после форм глагола to be или после модальных глаголов must, can, may, should и др.). Переводится неопределенной формой глагола.
I like to work		дополнением ;стоит после сказуемого Простые формы переводятся существительным или неопределенной формой глагола, сложные формы придаточным предложением с союзами что, чтобы.
To raise the labour productivity we must apply the new equipment	Чтобы повысить производительность труда, мы должны применить новое оборудование	Обстоятельство; стоит в конце или в начале предложения иногда вводится союзом in order to или словами too, enough перед или после прилагательного. Переводится неопределенной формой глагола с союзом чтобы, для того чтобы или существ. с предлогом для.
The work to be finished next week is of great interest. He was the last to come to the meeting	Работа, которую необходимо (нужно, следует) закончить на следующей неделе представляет большой интерес. Он последний пришел на собрание	определением; стоит после определяемого существительного. Переводится : а) придаточным предложением с союзом который, сказуемое которого выражает долженствование, возможность или будущее время; б) неопределенной формой глагола, в) иногда существительным. в) инфинитив после слов the first, the last и т.п. переводится глаголом в том времени, в котором стоит глагол to be.