Государственный комитет РФ по связи и информатизации

Сибирская государственная академия

телекоммуникаций и информатики

Л.А.Моисеева

В.Г.Севостьянова

Т.А.Кубасова

^{Методические указания}

К КОНТРОЛЬНЫМ РАБОТАМ

ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ-ЗАОЧНИКОВ

ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ И ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ

СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТЕЙ

Новосибирск 1998

Л.А.Моисеева, В.Г.Севостьянова, Т.А.Кубасова

Методические указания к контрольным работам для студентов-заочников технических и экономических специальностей

Настоящие методические указания имеют целью помочь студентам заочного отделения в самостоятельной работе над развитием практических навыков чтения и перевода литературы по специальности на английском языке.

Кафедра иностранных и русского языков

Рецензент: проф. Б.П.Зеленцов

Для. всех специальностей 201000,201100,060500,200900.

Утверждено редакционно-издательским Советом СибГАТИ в качестве методических указаний.

© Сибирская государственная академия телекоммуникации и информатики, 1998 г.

Контрольная__работа №1.

Вариант 1.

Перепишите следящие предложения. Определите по грамма­тическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием -s и какую функцию это оконча­ние выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:

а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite:

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

Переведите предложения на русский язык,

1. Many young people want to choose the teacher's profession.

2. A computer is a machine which performs a sequence of reasonable operations on information.

3. A friend of mine copies all the new words into his notebook.

II.Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык оп­ределений, выраженных именем существительным.

1. The bus Stop is not far from here.

2. Several Moscow University physicists work at this problem.

3. There are only daylight lamps in this room.

III.Перепишите следующие предложения, содержание разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.

1. The smallest unit of information is called a byte.

1. The better we know the Universe, the better wе know our Earth.

2. Transistors consume far less electric, energy than vacuum tubes.

IV.Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отри­цательных местоимений.

1. You will find nobody at the office after 6 o'clock.

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2. Some bodies have a notion of vibration or oscillation

3. All molecules have the sane average energy at any given moment.

V. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив переве­дите предложения на русский язык.

1. In a few days she will leave for Moscow.

2. A neutron moves at the rate of many miles a second.

3. There are mаnу methods of solving this problem.

UI.Перепишите и письменно переведите текст A - для технических специальностей, текст В - для экономических специальностей.

TEXT A.

Electric power is generated at power plants and it must be transmitted to other parts of the country. How is current transmitted to these parts ? Thick wires carry electric power over long distances. The wires are not always made of copper, often they are Bade of other metals. A number of wires put together form one thick cable. A cable consists of two insulated conductors forming a metalic circuit.

Thus the basic transmission element of communication is a long transmission line, and a cable is the main part of this line.

Cables may be laid directly, that is buried directly in the ground, or drawn into ducts already laid. Cables laid directly in the ground must always have some protection against corrosion.

Direct laying is cheaper but it has a disadvantage: a cable laid directly cannot be taken out. In cities it is not possible to use direct laying and cables Bust be laid in ducts.

In tunnels and subways cables are put on the walls on hangers. In cold weather cables Bust be kept ware or warm­ed before laying. No cable, must be laid when the temperature is low because damage to the cable papers will take place. Faultly cables stop operating.

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TEXT В.

Most people work to earn a 1ivine, and produce goods and services. Goods are either agricultural (maize and silk) or manufactured (like cars and paper).Services are such things as education, medicine and commerce. Some people provide goods; some provide services. Other people provide both goods and services. For example, in the same garage man bay buy a car or some service which helps him to maintain his car.

The work people do is called есоnomic activity. All eco­nomic activities together make up the economic system of a town, a city, a country or the world. Such an economic sys­tem is the sum-total of what people do and what they want. The work people undertake either provides what they need or provides the money with which they can buy essential commodities. Of course. most people hope to earn enough mоney to buy commodities and services which are non essenti­al but which provide some particular personal satisfaction like toys for children, visits to the cinema and books.

Вариант 2.

I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием -S и какую функции это окончание вы­полняет, т.е. служит ли оно:

а Показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в

Presenet Indefinite;

б Признаком множественного числа имени существительного:

в Показателем притягательного падежа имени существитель­ного. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The Earth's resources are quite enough to meet the material needs of the people.

2. Radar operates in any weather.

3. Glass conducts so little current that it is hardly measurable.

11.Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык опреде­лений» выраженных именем существительным.

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1. Temperature changes affect nearly all properties of tatter,

2. The students of our group will go to the State History Museum tomorrow.

3. Sound waves travel through the air at a speed of about 1,100 ft. per second.

111.Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.

1. A small lamp has a higher resistance than a large one.

2. The article written by this scientist is the lost interesting.

3. The higher the voltage, the higher is the electron velocity.

IU.Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений.

1. You may take any device, you like.

2. You will find this book nowhere besides the Public Library.

3. Each atom represents something similar to our solar system.

U. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Wе shall begin our experiments next week.

2. Work produces heat directly or indirectly.

3. Many years ago people learned to protect their houses from thunderstorms.

UI. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст A - для технических специальностей, текст В - для экономических специаль­ностей.

TEXT A.

Telephony is the transmission of speech over a considerable distance by Beans of electric current, using wires.

The telephone was invented in 1876.Speach transmission

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in those days was limited to a distance of a few miles. The construction of the first telephone was very simple: a wire with a ground provided the connection. The main parts were a transmitter and a receiver. Sound waves strike the diaphragm and cause it to vibrate. The vibra­tion of the diaphragm changes the magnetic field and induces the electric waves of varying voltage and current. These waves pass to the distant telephone where the changes produced in the magnetic field cause the diaph­ragm to reproduce the original sound.

Telephone communication includes: 1) telephone sets to change the sound energy into electric waves and back again; 2)transmission systems to carry electric waves over any distance; and 3)switching systems to connect any two telephone sets.

Telephone is a device for reproducing sounds over considerable distance. A telephone set includes a transmitter and an electric network in addition to a receiver. The transmitter transmits sounds and a receiver recieves them. The reciever includes a telephone and a microphone. Both the telephone and microphone are linked to a common , circuit with an apparatus at the other end of the line.

TEXT B.

The science of economics is based upon the facts of our everyday life. Economists study our everyday life and the general life of our communities in order td understand the whole economic system of which we are part. They try to describe the facts of the economy in which we live, and to explain how it all works. The economist's methods should of course be strictly objective and scientific.

We need food, clothes and shelter. He probably would not go to work if we could satisfy these basic needs without working. But even when we have satisfied such basic needs, we lay still want other things. Our lives might be ноге enjoyable if we had such things as radios, books and toys for the children. Human beings certainly have a wide and very complex range of wants. The science of economics is concerned with all our material needs: it is concerned with the desire to have a radio as well as the basic

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out a constant amplitude signal at a very high frequency. Radio waves are travelling but the transmitter makes no sound.

TEXT B.

The British Banking System has developed over the past few hundred sears to become one of the most highly specialised financial centres in the western world.

The head offices or main branches of banking institu­tions are concentrated in the City of London: the Bank of England and the most important commercial .merchant banks all are situated in close proximity to one another.

The Bank of England is the central bank of the United Kingdom. It acts as a banker to the Government and to the other banks: as the central note-issuing authority; as agent of the Government for important financial opera-tions; and as its adviser on лапу other aspects. The Bank also undertakes management of the National Debt and (as agent of the Treasury) the administration of exchange control.

The Bank of England in some of its functions serves as an agent of the Government and it is through the bank that monetary policy is implemented. It is not, however, part of the Civil Service.

Вариант 4.

Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамма­тический признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием -s и .какую функцию это оконча­ние выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:

а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного:

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1.The plastic box houses the conducting and the insula­ting elements of the apparatus.

2.This scientist's investigations have great importance

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for the development of our country's national econo­my.

3.Solar installations exist in many countries, some of them are used for experimental purpose?.

II.Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык опреде­лений, выраженных именем существительным.

l.This plant reconstruction will be соmрleted this year.

2.A new era in space communication was opened on April 12,1961.by the Soviet cosmonaut Major Yuri Gagarin-the first mаn in space.

3.The Earth satellites are used as communication relay stations, or as a base for astronomical observation.

III.Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.

1.Moscow is one of the biggest and most beautiful cities of the world. 2.The more complex is the construction of a radio set.

the better is its operation.

3.This device is not so complex as that one.

IU. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отри­цательных местоимений.

1.Nо charges can move in an open circuit.

2.Some devices work equally «ell both on direct and alternating current.

3.In any telephone system speech or other sounds ane converted into electric signals.

U. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив: переве­дите предложения на русский язык.

1.Radio is a method of communicating over a distance by modulating waves.

2.You will find this book in the library of our Insti­tute.

3.0n April 25.1895 A. Popov demonstrated his device at, the

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Russian Physico-chemical Society.

UI.Перепишите и письменно переведите текст А - для техничес­ких специальностей, текст В - для экономических специальностей.

TEXT A.

The television transmitter sends out special signals. They are sent out in addition to the picture impulses. The signals synchronize the picture at the receiver with the picture picked up by the camera.

At the television receiver, the picture and audio sig­nals are picked up simultaneously by a single antenna; the voltages induced in the receiving antenna are fed into the radio frequency stage of the receiver; and the picture carrier and the sound carrier are converted by super heterodyne conversion method into two separate intermediate frequency signals. One signal corresponds to the sound carrier and the other-to the video or pic­ture carrier. Two separate intermediate frequency ampli­fier channels are employed; one for the picture signal and the other for the sound signal. The sound interme­diate frequency signal is demodulated by a detector. After proper amplification by the audio amplifier, the sound signal is reproduced by the loud speaker in the usual way.

The picture intermediate frequency signal is amplified by several stages having wide-band frequency characte­ristics and is then fed into the video (picture) de­tector, where the intermediate frequency signal is then demodulated. The video (picture) signal which appears in the output of the detector is then amplified in the video amplifier, which corresponds to the audio ampli­fier in the sound receiver. Only it must pass a much wider range of frequencies.

TEXT B.

Markets and Monopolies.

The term 'market', as used by economists, is an extension of ancient idea of a market as. a place where people ga­ther to buy and sell goods. In former days part of a town

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was kept as the market or marketplace, and people would travel many kilometres on special market-days in order to buy and sell various commodities. Today, however. markets as the world sugar market, the gold market and the cotton market do not need to have any fixed geogra­phical location. Such a market is simply a set of condi­tions permitting buyers and sellers to work together.

In a free market, competition takes place among sellers of the same commodity, and among those цho wish to buy that commodity. Such competition influences the prices prevailing in the market. Prices inevitably fluctuate, and such fluctuations are also affected by current supply and demand.

Whenever people who are willing to sell a commodity contact people цho are willing to buy it, a market for that commodity is created.