Volnovaya_optika

= 2 • d +

,

(1)

2

d - ,

-

2

= (2k +1)

,

k = 1,2,3,...

(2)

2

dk = k

.

(3)

2

, d = 0, ; k = 1 –

, , d1 =

.

2

k

, 2, 3, 4, …,

2- , 3- .

( .1)

dk ,

R rk

. ,

dk << R .

r 2

d

k

=

k

(4)

2R

(3) (4),

r2

= R .

(5)

k

rk

, .

r 2

- r 2

R =

k

m

.

(6)

(k - m)

rk +

rk -

3.

D .

. ri =

Di

,

2

rk + rm

rk - rm (k m

10 5,

9 4, 8

3 .). (6),

R =

(rk

+rm )(rk - rm )

.

(7)

(k - m)

,

,

=0.66 .6 . .1.

4. R ,

n ( n > n

n n ), n 1.

,

,

( .2).

,

A0cos t ,

(1)

dA=

A0

dx

(2)

b

,

0

x, , NP

XP ,

t -

2

= t - 2 xsin ,

(3)

- . ,

x

dx , :

=

A0

cos( t

xsin )dx

b

sin(

A =

A0

bsin )

.

(5)

bsin

0

P0

, ,

,

.

,

( k = 1,2,3,...) bsin = ±k

bsin = ±k ,

(6)

A

.

:

sin

2

(

bsin )

I

= I0

,

(7)

(

bsin )2

I0 = A0 -

,

0 ); I - ,

,

. (7)

bsin = ±(2k +1) 2 ;

bsin = ±(2k+1)

,

(8)

2

Imaxk

=

I0

.

(9)

[ ( 2k +1 )

2

]

2

(9)

I

:I

:I

2

........= 1:(

2

)2 :(

2

)2 : .........

(10)

0

1

3

5

d

.

,

.

N

,

, ,

N ,

=

=

dsin

(11)

,

= ±2k ,

dsin = ±k ,

(k=0, 1, 2, …)

(12)

,

i = .

I ,

= SI .

( R )

:

U R i , ,

I

I0 ,

I

-

maxk

0

, .1.

K

-

-

-

0

1

2

3

3

2

1

Jmax k J0