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Файл:биохимия / M_G_1_sut_zh
.txt яю3 . . , 1 ACB. 687, 2 @>44><5.
1 . 7: ( A > - 9 25@>OB=>ABLN >1CA;. R h =5A>2<5AB8<>ABLN)
2 . : / @ ?C?. :@>28 > 6 0 <:<>;L/ ;( BCB- 1 0 5 ) = 01A>;NB= ?>:070B5=85< 4;O + =87:. C@- =L 2 ?5- @8D. :@>28 1 4 9 3\ ;( 01A. ?>:07. - A> 1 0 0 ) .
3 . >?. >1A;: 4;O CB>G=. 4- 70- >?@54- 5 3@. :@>28 8 R h - D0:B>@ C @515=:0. 4 . : 0=5<, @5B- 7, ?A524>;59:- 7 87- 70 C25;8G. =>@<>- , M@8B@>1;0AB>2.
5 . #: C25;8G5=85 ?5G5=8 8 A5;575=:8.
6 . 0B>35=57: A 1 6 - 1 8 =54. 15@- B8 -@ ?;>40 >1=0@. 2 :@>28 <0B5@8, m a x 2K@06 B@0=A?;0F5=B0@= B@0=ADC78O 2> 2@5<O @>4>2. > 2@5<O 1 >9 15@- B8 -@ ?;>40, 8<5NI85 R h D- @ ?@>=8:. 2 >@3- < <0B5@8 8 70?CA:0NB A8=- 7 R h - 0B. > 2@5<O 15@- B8 87- 70 =51>;LH. :>;- 20 -@ ?;>40, ?@>=8:0NI. : <0B5@8, 8 8<<C=>AC?@5AA88 2 >@3- <5 15@5<5==. 1 28G=. 8<<. >B25B C <0B5@8 A=865=, => ?>A;5 @>64- O @515=- :0( = > <=>3> -@ ?@>=8:05B 2 :@>2>B>: <0B5@8+ A=OB85 8<<C=>AC?@5AA88) , ?@>8AE. 0:B82=. A8=- 7 R h - 0B, :>B ?@>=8:. : R h + ?;>4C ?@8 A;54CNI. 15@- BOE.
7 . @C??K. :@: - A8AB5<5 M@8B@. A>45@6. 03- 033;NB=8= 1 ( 0 ) , 2 ( ) , 3 ( ) , 4 ( ) . ;07<0 A>45@68B 0B- 033;NB8=>35=K ( 1 aр, bр, 2 bр, 3 aр, 4 ) . 5<>;87, 5A;8 2AB@5G. 8 aр, 8 bр.
R h - D- @ ?> 8==5@C R h 1 ( C ) , R h 0 ( D ) , R h ( E ) , h r 1 ( A) , h r 0 ( d ) . h r ( e ) , R h 0 = R h + @. A>G5B0=- >G. @54:>.
I5 5ABL 3@. :@. ?> 5;;8, 0118, 84, LN8A, !, .
5@5;82. M@- <0AAK: 1 N- 2A5<, 2 N- 2 , 4 , 3 N- 3 , 4 , 4 N- 4 9. R h + = > R h + . R h - = > 2A5<. 5@5;82. ?;07<: 4 N- 2A5<, 3 N- 3 , 1 ; 2 N- 2 , 1 ; 1 N- 1 ( 2 ?;07<5 R h =5B)
8 \ . A>1- B8 >1<5=0 1/ @ C =/ @: 0) ?>2KH. >1@07>2- 5 1/ @, C:>@>G. ?@>4>;6- BL 687=8 M@8B@. 8 2, =5MDD5:- BL M@8B@>?>M70, :0B01>;. =0?@02;- BL ; 1) A=86. f - =0O A?>A>1- BL ?5G( A=86. 70E20B 1/ @- =0 35?0B>F8B0<8( 3F) , =87:. 0:B- BL 3;N:C@>=8;B@0=AD5@07K, C@848=48=- D>AD>3;N:>7>45384@>35=07K, A=86. A?>A>1- BL M:A:@5F88 1/ @ 3F- B0<8) 2) #25;. ?>ABC?;. 87 :8H- :0 2 :@.
9 \ 01;N4- 5 2 65=A:. :>=A- F88: >?@54- 5 B8B@0 0B 2 :@. <0B5@8 1 @\ <5A 4> 3 2 =54, 2 @\ <5A =0 3 2 - 3 5 =, 40;55- 1 @2=54. <1C;0B. ?@>2545=85 :C@A>2 =5A?5F8D8G 45A5=A818;87: ?> 1 0 - 1 2 4= =0 1 0 - 1 2 , 2 2 - 2 4 8 3 2 - 3 4 =54. \ 2 2 0 % 3;N:, 5 % 0A:>@1 :- B0, , 2=CB@L @CB8=, <5B8>=8=, F e , !0- 3;N:>=0B, 28B . # 2 48=0<8:5: A 2 0 - 2 4 =54 :064K5 3 - 4 =54( ?;0F5=B><5B@8O, D5B><5B@8O, 4KE0B5;L= 0:B- BL ?;>40) ?@8 A@>:5 3 4 - 3 6 =54 =0?@ 2 @>44>< ?@8 R h - A5=A81, 2 3 6 - 3 7 =54 ?@8 0 A5=A81. >?@54- 5 >?B8G. ?;>B=>AB8 1/ @ 2 >:>?;. 2>40E. CGH5 @>4>@07@5H. G/ 7 5AB5A. @>4. ?CB8, 15@56=. 254- 5 @>4>2, ?5@568<. ?C?>2. A@07C ?>A;5 @>4>2
1 0 . 5G- 5: : @0==55 1 - 2 ACB <- 4>< 09<>=40. 1A>;: C 4>=>H= =. 1/ @> 3 4 2 , ?@8@>AB> 6 <:<>;L/ G, 65;BCE0/ 2K@06. 1;54=. ?@8 @>645=, 2 ?C?>2. :@. > 6 0 <:<>;L\ ;, =87:. 2< 1 0 0 3\ ;- =5A>2<- BL ?> 3@. 8 D- @C 4. 1. 4>:070=0. / =>H: ?@8@>AB- > 3 , 4 , ?C?>2. - 3 4 , =. 1/ @> 1 7 0 ( :0D) . 0<5=ONB 2 <O &( = 1 7 0 <;/ :3) . @8 R h :>=D;8:B5- 22>4OB >4=>3@C?= :@>, R h - , =5> 2 - 3 4. :>=A5@20F88, 1 7 0 - 1 8 0 <;/ :3, 5A;8 =. 1/ @> 4 0 0 = > 2 5 0 - 3 0 0 <;/ :3. @8 M@- <0AAC 1 ( 0 ) 8 >4=>3@C??=. A :@>2LN @515=:0 8;8 4 ( ) ?;07<C 2 A>>B= 2 : 1 . 02545=85 =0 5 A<, A=0G. 22>4. ?;07<C 8;8 1 0 % 0;L1- 4;O A2O7. B>:A. 1/ @- 5 - 8 <;/ :3. @. ?>4>3@5B. 4>3 5 - 3 7 3@04. BA0A. 65;C4. A>4- >5. K2>4. 3 0 - 4 0 <;( =/ =>H- 2 0 ) . 25AB8 =0 5 0 <;> 2K2545==>9. @8 ?>- ;8F8B5<88- >48=0:>2>. 54;, 3 - 4 <;/ <8=. '5@54CNB 2K254/ 2254 ?> 2 0 <;( =/ =>H- 1 0 ) . >A;5 :064. 1 0 0 <;- 1 0 % 3;N:!0= 1 , 0 ; 5 % 3;N:>70- 2 , 0 ( 1>@L10 A 0F84>7><) . 0:0=G. 2 0 - 2 5 <; ?;07<K 8;8 1 0 % 0;L1+ 5 % A>40- 5 - 1 0 <;. =. <>G8- A@07C, G/ 7 2 G- 3;N:>70 :@. $>B>B5@0?= =0G8=. ?@8 =. 1/ @ C 4>=>H- 2 0 5 , =/ =>H- 1 7 1 , =87:. m B- 1 0 0 - 1 5 0 . $>B>>:8A;. =. 1/ @ A >1@- 56 < 18;825@48=0, >= 2>4>@0AB2= > 2K2. A <>G>9 8 ABC;><+ :>=D83C@0F8>==. 87<- O =. 1/ @ =0 2>4>@0AB. 87><5@K+ AB@C:B. 87><5@ A 4;8B- BLN ?>;C2K2. 2 G. 0<?K A8=53> 8 15;>3> A25B0. ;8B- BL 7 2 - 9 6 G, ?5@5@K2 2 D>B>B5@. =5> 3 G+ 8=DC7. B5@: 5 % 3;N:, 04A>@1( A<5:B0, 030@- 030@, E>;5AB8@0<8=) + D5=>10@1( 2 0 <:3/ :3/ ACB =0 3 ?@85<0- 1 4, 40;55- 3 , 5 - 4 <3/ :3) , 78:A0@8=.
1 1 . A:0@<;82: :>@<;5=. =0G8=. G\ 7 2 - 6 G0A>2 ?>A;5 @>64. 4>=>@A:. <>;. ( 1 0 En ) , 4> 8AG57=>25=8O 87>- 0=B8B5; 2 <>;>:5 <0B5@8 ( 2 - 3 =54) .
1 2 . A;- O: @0==85= 38?>3;8:5<8O, >B5G=K9, 35<>@@038G, :0@48>?0B8G A- <, A- < A3CI5=8O 65;G8. >74- =85= =>@<>E@><, 38?>E@><=. 8;8 =>@<>@535=5@0B>@= 0=5<8O. ! 3 =54- ?@>D8;- :0 65;57><.
1 3 . @>D8;: 2254. 0=B8R h - I g - 2 0 0 <:3 2 1 9 4. ?>A;5 ;N1>3> ?@5@. 15@- B8. 5=I8=0< A 2KA. C@- =5<- 2=CB@8CB@. , @>4>@07@. :5A. A5G. =03 7 - 3 9 =.
1 4 . 01;N4- 5 CG0AB:. ?5480B@0: =0 1 <5A 6. 3 @, 2 1 O 1 / 2 3 2 @2<5A, 2> 2 O 1 / 2 3 - 1 @\ <5A, =0 2 3. 6. 1 @\ 3 <5A. 52@>?0B>;>3: 1 <5A 2 >A<>B@0, 1 O 1 / 2 3 1 @\ 3 <5A, 40;55 ?> ?>:07. 1A;54: 1 @\ <5A 2 B5G. 3 <5A. 687=8, 2 @23. 4=>:@. 1\ E :@>28 ( >1<5=F e ) , DC=:F. B5ABK ?5G5=8, ?@>10 C<1A0, # ?5G5=8 8 65;G=. ?C7. A;8 : 1 3 =. 1/ @= N - ?5@52>4 2 1 3@. 74. 1 5 . !?5F80;8ABK: =52@>?0B>;>3.
1 . 7: ( A > - 9 25@>OB=>ABLN >1CA;. R h =5A>2<5AB8<>ABLN)
2 . : / @ ?C?. :@>28 > 6 0 <:<>;L/ ;( BCB- 1 0 5 ) = 01A>;NB= ?>:070B5=85< 4;O + =87:. C@- =L 2 ?5- @8D. :@>28 1 4 9 3\ ;( 01A. ?>:07. - A> 1 0 0 ) .
3 . >?. >1A;: 4;O CB>G=. 4- 70- >?@54- 5 3@. :@>28 8 R h - D0:B>@ C @515=:0. 4 . : 0=5<, @5B- 7, ?A524>;59:- 7 87- 70 C25;8G. =>@<>- , M@8B@>1;0AB>2.
5 . #: C25;8G5=85 ?5G5=8 8 A5;575=:8.
6 . 0B>35=57: A 1 6 - 1 8 =54. 15@- B8 -@ ?;>40 >1=0@. 2 :@>28 <0B5@8, m a x 2K@06 B@0=A?;0F5=B0@= B@0=ADC78O 2> 2@5<O @>4>2. > 2@5<O 1 >9 15@- B8 -@ ?;>40, 8<5NI85 R h D- @ ?@>=8:. 2 >@3- < <0B5@8 8 70?CA:0NB A8=- 7 R h - 0B. > 2@5<O 15@- B8 87- 70 =51>;LH. :>;- 20 -@ ?;>40, ?@>=8:0NI. : <0B5@8, 8 8<<C=>AC?@5AA88 2 >@3- <5 15@5<5==. 1 28G=. 8<<. >B25B C <0B5@8 A=865=, => ?>A;5 @>64- O @515=- :0( = > <=>3> -@ ?@>=8:05B 2 :@>2>B>: <0B5@8+ A=OB85 8<<C=>AC?@5AA88) , ?@>8AE. 0:B82=. A8=- 7 R h - 0B, :>B ?@>=8:. : R h + ?;>4C ?@8 A;54CNI. 15@- BOE.
7 . @C??K. :@: - A8AB5<5 M@8B@. A>45@6. 03- 033;NB=8= 1 ( 0 ) , 2 ( ) , 3 ( ) , 4 ( ) . ;07<0 A>45@68B 0B- 033;NB8=>35=K ( 1 aр, bр, 2 bр, 3 aр, 4 ) . 5<>;87, 5A;8 2AB@5G. 8 aр, 8 bр.
R h - D- @ ?> 8==5@C R h 1 ( C ) , R h 0 ( D ) , R h ( E ) , h r 1 ( A) , h r 0 ( d ) . h r ( e ) , R h 0 = R h + @. A>G5B0=- >G. @54:>.
I5 5ABL 3@. :@. ?> 5;;8, 0118, 84, LN8A, !, .
5@5;82. M@- <0AAK: 1 N- 2A5<, 2 N- 2 , 4 , 3 N- 3 , 4 , 4 N- 4 9. R h + = > R h + . R h - = > 2A5<. 5@5;82. ?;07<: 4 N- 2A5<, 3 N- 3 , 1 ; 2 N- 2 , 1 ; 1 N- 1 ( 2 ?;07<5 R h =5B)
8 \ . A>1- B8 >1<5=0 1/ @ C =/ @: 0) ?>2KH. >1@07>2- 5 1/ @, C:>@>G. ?@>4>;6- BL 687=8 M@8B@. 8 2, =5MDD5:- BL M@8B@>?>M70, :0B01>;. =0?@02;- BL ; 1) A=86. f - =0O A?>A>1- BL ?5G( A=86. 70E20B 1/ @- =0 35?0B>F8B0<8( 3F) , =87:. 0:B- BL 3;N:C@>=8;B@0=AD5@07K, C@848=48=- D>AD>3;N:>7>45384@>35=07K, A=86. A?>A>1- BL M:A:@5F88 1/ @ 3F- B0<8) 2) #25;. ?>ABC?;. 87 :8H- :0 2 :@.
9 \ 01;N4- 5 2 65=A:. :>=A- F88: >?@54- 5 B8B@0 0B 2 :@. <0B5@8 1 @\ <5A 4> 3 2 =54, 2 @\ <5A =0 3 2 - 3 5 =, 40;55- 1 @2=54. <1C;0B. ?@>2545=85 :C@A>2 =5A?5F8D8G 45A5=A818;87: ?> 1 0 - 1 2 4= =0 1 0 - 1 2 , 2 2 - 2 4 8 3 2 - 3 4 =54. \ 2 2 0 % 3;N:, 5 % 0A:>@1 :- B0, , 2=CB@L @CB8=, <5B8>=8=, F e , !0- 3;N:>=0B, 28B . # 2 48=0<8:5: A 2 0 - 2 4 =54 :064K5 3 - 4 =54( ?;0F5=B><5B@8O, D5B><5B@8O, 4KE0B5;L= 0:B- BL ?;>40) ?@8 A@>:5 3 4 - 3 6 =54 =0?@ 2 @>44>< ?@8 R h - A5=A81, 2 3 6 - 3 7 =54 ?@8 0 A5=A81. >?@54- 5 >?B8G. ?;>B=>AB8 1/ @ 2 >:>?;. 2>40E. CGH5 @>4>@07@5H. G/ 7 5AB5A. @>4. ?CB8, 15@56=. 254- 5 @>4>2, ?5@568<. ?C?>2. A@07C ?>A;5 @>4>2
1 0 . 5G- 5: : @0==55 1 - 2 ACB <- 4>< 09<>=40. 1A>;: C 4>=>H= =. 1/ @> 3 4 2 , ?@8@>AB> 6 <:<>;L/ G, 65;BCE0/ 2K@06. 1;54=. ?@8 @>645=, 2 ?C?>2. :@. > 6 0 <:<>;L\ ;, =87:. 2< 1 0 0 3\ ;- =5A>2<- BL ?> 3@. 8 D- @C 4. 1. 4>:070=0. / =>H: ?@8@>AB- > 3 , 4 , ?C?>2. - 3 4 , =. 1/ @> 1 7 0 ( :0D) . 0<5=ONB 2 <O &( = 1 7 0 <;/ :3) . @8 R h :>=D;8:B5- 22>4OB >4=>3@C?= :@>, R h - , =5> 2 - 3 4. :>=A5@20F88, 1 7 0 - 1 8 0 <;/ :3, 5A;8 =. 1/ @> 4 0 0 = > 2 5 0 - 3 0 0 <;/ :3. @8 M@- <0AAC 1 ( 0 ) 8 >4=>3@C??=. A :@>2LN @515=:0 8;8 4 ( ) ?;07<C 2 A>>B= 2 : 1 . 02545=85 =0 5 A<, A=0G. 22>4. ?;07<C 8;8 1 0 % 0;L1- 4;O A2O7. B>:A. 1/ @- 5 - 8 <;/ :3. @. ?>4>3@5B. 4>3 5 - 3 7 3@04. BA0A. 65;C4. A>4- >5. K2>4. 3 0 - 4 0 <;( =/ =>H- 2 0 ) . 25AB8 =0 5 0 <;> 2K2545==>9. @8 ?>- ;8F8B5<88- >48=0:>2>. 54;, 3 - 4 <;/ <8=. '5@54CNB 2K254/ 2254 ?> 2 0 <;( =/ =>H- 1 0 ) . >A;5 :064. 1 0 0 <;- 1 0 % 3;N:!0= 1 , 0 ; 5 % 3;N:>70- 2 , 0 ( 1>@L10 A 0F84>7><) . 0:0=G. 2 0 - 2 5 <; ?;07<K 8;8 1 0 % 0;L1+ 5 % A>40- 5 - 1 0 <;. =. <>G8- A@07C, G/ 7 2 G- 3;N:>70 :@. $>B>B5@0?= =0G8=. ?@8 =. 1/ @ C 4>=>H- 2 0 5 , =/ =>H- 1 7 1 , =87:. m B- 1 0 0 - 1 5 0 . $>B>>:8A;. =. 1/ @ A >1@- 56 < 18;825@48=0, >= 2>4>@0AB2= > 2K2. A <>G>9 8 ABC;><+ :>=D83C@0F8>==. 87<- O =. 1/ @ =0 2>4>@0AB. 87><5@K+ AB@C:B. 87><5@ A 4;8B- BLN ?>;C2K2. 2 G. 0<?K A8=53> 8 15;>3> A25B0. ;8B- BL 7 2 - 9 6 G, ?5@5@K2 2 D>B>B5@. =5> 3 G+ 8=DC7. B5@: 5 % 3;N:, 04A>@1( A<5:B0, 030@- 030@, E>;5AB8@0<8=) + D5=>10@1( 2 0 <:3/ :3/ ACB =0 3 ?@85<0- 1 4, 40;55- 3 , 5 - 4 <3/ :3) , 78:A0@8=.
1 1 . A:0@<;82: :>@<;5=. =0G8=. G\ 7 2 - 6 G0A>2 ?>A;5 @>64. 4>=>@A:. <>;. ( 1 0 En ) , 4> 8AG57=>25=8O 87>- 0=B8B5; 2 <>;>:5 <0B5@8 ( 2 - 3 =54) .
1 2 . A;- O: @0==85= 38?>3;8:5<8O, >B5G=K9, 35<>@@038G, :0@48>?0B8G A- <, A- < A3CI5=8O 65;G8. >74- =85= =>@<>E@><, 38?>E@><=. 8;8 =>@<>@535=5@0B>@= 0=5<8O. ! 3 =54- ?@>D8;- :0 65;57><.
1 3 . @>D8;: 2254. 0=B8R h - I g - 2 0 0 <:3 2 1 9 4. ?>A;5 ;N1>3> ?@5@. 15@- B8. 5=I8=0< A 2KA. C@- =5<- 2=CB@8CB@. , @>4>@07@. :5A. A5G. =03 7 - 3 9 =.
1 4 . 01;N4- 5 CG0AB:. ?5480B@0: =0 1 <5A 6. 3 @, 2 1 O 1 / 2 3 2 @2<5A, 2> 2 O 1 / 2 3 - 1 @\ <5A, =0 2 3. 6. 1 @\ 3 <5A. 52@>?0B>;>3: 1 <5A 2 >A<>B@0, 1 O 1 / 2 3 1 @\ 3 <5A, 40;55 ?> ?>:07. 1A;54: 1 @\ <5A 2 B5G. 3 <5A. 687=8, 2 @23. 4=>:@. 1\ E :@>28 ( >1<5=F e ) , DC=:F. B5ABK ?5G5=8, ?@>10 C<1A0, # ?5G5=8 8 65;G=. ?C7. A;8 : 1 3 =. 1/ @= N - ?5@52>4 2 1 3@. 74. 1 5 . !?5F80;8ABK: =52@>?0B>;>3.
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