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Файл:биохимия / m_A_4_d
.txt яю4 . . . 4 4=, ?>ABC?. 2 >B4- 5 ?0B>;. =/ @ 87 @>4 4><0- 2K@06. 65;BCE0. 0BL, >B5F- R h - . 1 O 15@- <54. 01>@B- 1 0 =54.
1 . 7, >1>A=: , >1CA; - =5A>2<. 1>A=: <0BL1 ( 0 ) , >B5F- 2 ( ) , 01>@B ?@8 1 9 15@- B8, 65;BCE0 =0 1 E ACB. =B>:A8:. 57=0G. C2. ?5G. . 1/ @- 1 8 0 , 0=5<- H b - 1 4 1 , 15;>:- 5 4 .
2 . >?: >?@54- 5 3@. :@. @515=:0, + @5B8:C;>F8BK, >?@54- 5 B8B@0 033;NB8=8=>2 2 :@>28 8 <>;>:5 <0B5@8. @>10 C<1A0.
3 . 'B> <. 1. 2 0=0;: @. :@2 ( ) 2 - @5B8:- 7. #2. B8B@0 8<<C= 0B, ?@O<. ?@>10 C<1A0 A;01>+ .
4 . 0B>35=57 A8<?B: :B5@8G=>ABL :>68 8 A:;5@ 38?5@1/ @- 5<8O. O;>ABL, <KH 38?>B, 38?>@5D;5:A 1/ @- 20O 8=B>:A. ( 1 D070 1/ @ M=F5D0;>?0B88) 5 . 52@>?0B>;: <>=>B>==K9 :@8:, =5?>;=. 2K@065==>ABL @5D;5:A0 >@> ( B>;L:> 1 D070) , 1;C640NI89 273;O4 .
6 . 0 #: C25;8G5=85 ?5G5=8 8 A5;575=:8.
7 . 47: 65;BCE0 =0 3@. 72A:0@<- =88, 8=D5:F, AC14C@. :/ 87;, :5D0;>35<0B, 45D- B - 6 - $, ?8@C20:8=07K, =0A;. AD5@>F8B>7, A- < @83;5@0- 09O@0( MB> 7=78<>?0B8O) , NF5O- @8A?>;;0 ( A5<59= =/ =0B 65;BCE0) , 38?>B8@5>7.
8 . A:0@<;820=85: :>@<;5=85 =0G8=. G\ 7 2 - 6 G0A>2 ?>A;5 @>64 4>=>@A:. <>;>:>< ( 1 0 En ) , 4> 8AG57=>2. 87>0=B8B5; 2 <>;>:5 <0B5@8 ( 2 - 3 =54) .
9 , 1 1 . 5G- 5: : @0==55 1 - 2 ACB <- 4>< 09<>=40. 1A>;: C 4>=>H= =. 1/ @> 3 4 2 , ?@8@>AB> 6 <:<>;L/ G, 65;BCE0/ 2K@06. 1;54=. ?@8 @>645=, 2 ?C?>2. :@. > 6 0 <:<>;L\ ;, =87:. 2< 1 0 0 3\ ;- =5A>2<- BL ?> 3@. 8 D- @C 4. 1. 4>:070=0. / =>H: ?@8@>AB- > 3 , 4 , ?C?>2. - 3 4 , =. 1/ @> 1 7 0 ( :0D) . 0<5=ONB 2 <O &( = 1 7 0 <;/ :3) . @8 R h :>=D;8:B5- 22>4OB >4=>3@C?= :@>2L R h - , =5> 2 - 3 4. :>=A5@20F88, 1 7 0 - 1 8 0 <;/ :3, 5A;8 =. 1/ @> 4 0 0 = > 2 5 0 - 3 0 0 <;/ :3. @8 M@- <0AAC 1 ( 0 ) 8 >4=>3@C??=. A :@>2LN @515=:0 8;8 4 ( ) ?;07<C 2 A>>B= 2 : 1 . 02545=85 =0 5 A<, A=0G. 22>4. ?;07<C 8;8 1 0 % 0;L1- 4;O A2O7. B>:A. 1/ @- 5 - 8 <;/ :3. @. ?>4>3@5B. 4>3 5 - 3 7 3@04. BA0A. 65;C4. A>4- >5. K2>4. 3 0 - 4 0 <;( =/ =>H- 2 0 ) . 25AB8 =0 5 0 <;> 2K2545==>9. @8 ?>;8F8B5- <88 >48=0:>2>. 54;, 3 - 4 <;/ <8=. '5@54CNB 2K254/ 2254 ?> 2 0 <;( =/ =>H- 1 0 ) . >A;5 :064. 1 0 0 <;- 1 0 % 3;N:!0= 1 , 0 ; 5 % 3;N:>70- 2 , 0 ( 1>@L10 A 0F84>7><) . 0:0=G. 2 0 - 2 5 <; ?;07<K 8;8 1 0 % 0;L1+ 5 % A>40- 5 - 1 0 <;. =. <>G8- A@07C, G/ 7 2 G- 3;N:>70 :@. $>B>B5@0?= =0G8=. ?@8 =. 1/ @ C 4>=>H- 2 0 5 , =/ =>H- 1 7 1 , =87:. m B- 1 0 0 - 1 5 0 . $>B>>:8A;. =. 1/ @ A >1@- 56 < 18;825@48=0, >= 2>4>@0AB2= > 2K2. A <>G>9 8 ABC;><+ :>=D83C@0F8>==. 87<- O =. 1/ @ =0 2>4>@0AB. 87><5@K+ AB@C:B. 87><5@ A 4;8B- BLN ?>;C2K2. 2 G. 0<?K A8=53> 8 15;>3> A25B0. ;8B- BL 7 2 - 9 6 G, ?5@5@K2 2 D>B>B5@. 5 > 3 G+ 8=DC7. B5@: 5 % 3;N:, 04A>@1 ( A<5:B0, 030@- 030@, E>;5AB8@0<8=) + D5=>10@1( 2 0 <:3/ :3/ ACB =0 3 ?@85<0- 1 4, 40;55- 3 , 5 - 4 <3/ :3) , 78:A0@8=.
1 0 . @C??K. :@: - A8AB M@8B@. A>45@6. 03- 033;NB8=8=1 ( 0 ) , 2 ( ) , 3 ( ) , 4 ( ) . ;07<0. A>45@68B 0B- 033;NB8=>35=K( 1 aр, bр, 2 bр, 3 aр, 4 - 0 ) . 5<>;87, 5A;8 2AB@5G. 8aр, 8bр. R h - D- @ ?> 8==5@C R h 1 ( C ) , R h 0 ( D ) , R h ( E ) , h r 1 ( A) , h r 0 ( d ) . h r ( e ) , R h 0 = R h + @. A>G5B0=- >G. @54:>. I5 5ABL 3@. :@. ?> 5;;8, 0118, 84, LN8A, !, . 5@5;82. M@- <0AAK: 1 N- 2A5<, 2 N- 2 , 4 , 3 N- 3 , 4 , 4 N- 4 9. R h + = > R h + . R h - = > 2A5<. 5@5;82. ?;07<: 4 N- 2A5<, 3 N- 3 , 1 ; 2 N- 2 , 1 ; 1 N- 1 ( 2 ?;07<5 R h =5B)
1 2 . 515=>: 20:F8=8@C5BAO & G/ 7 1 3, ?>A;5 ?>AB0=>2. @- F88 0=BC. 1 3 . 01;N4- 5 CG0AB:. ?5480B@0: =0 1 <5A 6. 3 @, 2 1 O 1 / 2 3 2 @2<5A, 2> 2 O 1 / 2 3 - 1 @\ <5A, =0 2 3. 6. 1 @\ 3 <5A. 52@>?0B>;>3: 1 <5A 2 >A<>B@0, 1 O 1 / 2 3 1 @\ 3 <5A, 40;55 ?> ?>:07. 1A;54: 1 @\ <5A 2 B5G. 3 <5A. 687=8, 2 @23. 4=>:@. 1\ E :@>28 ( >1<5= F e ) , DC=:F. B5ABK ?5G5=8, ?@>10 C<1A0, # ?5G5=8 8 65;G=. ?C7. A;8 : 1 3 =. 1/ @= N - ?5@52>4 2 1 3@. 74.
1 4 . @C??0 74>@>2LO 3 ( ? ) .
1 . 7, >1>A=: , >1CA; - =5A>2<. 1>A=: <0BL1 ( 0 ) , >B5F- 2 ( ) , 01>@B ?@8 1 9 15@- B8, 65;BCE0 =0 1 E ACB. =B>:A8:. 57=0G. C2. ?5G. . 1/ @- 1 8 0 , 0=5<- H b - 1 4 1 , 15;>:- 5 4 .
2 . >?: >?@54- 5 3@. :@. @515=:0, + @5B8:C;>F8BK, >?@54- 5 B8B@0 033;NB8=8=>2 2 :@>28 8 <>;>:5 <0B5@8. @>10 C<1A0.
3 . 'B> <. 1. 2 0=0;: @. :@2 ( ) 2 - @5B8:- 7. #2. B8B@0 8<<C= 0B, ?@O<. ?@>10 C<1A0 A;01>+ .
4 . 0B>35=57 A8<?B: :B5@8G=>ABL :>68 8 A:;5@ 38?5@1/ @- 5<8O. O;>ABL, <KH 38?>B, 38?>@5D;5:A 1/ @- 20O 8=B>:A. ( 1 D070 1/ @ M=F5D0;>?0B88) 5 . 52@>?0B>;: <>=>B>==K9 :@8:, =5?>;=. 2K@065==>ABL @5D;5:A0 >@> ( B>;L:> 1 D070) , 1;C640NI89 273;O4 .
6 . 0 #: C25;8G5=85 ?5G5=8 8 A5;575=:8.
7 . 47: 65;BCE0 =0 3@. 72A:0@<- =88, 8=D5:F, AC14C@. :/ 87;, :5D0;>35<0B, 45D- B - 6 - $, ?8@C20:8=07K, =0A;. AD5@>F8B>7, A- < @83;5@0- 09O@0( MB> 7=78<>?0B8O) , NF5O- @8A?>;;0 ( A5<59= =/ =0B 65;BCE0) , 38?>B8@5>7.
8 . A:0@<;820=85: :>@<;5=85 =0G8=. G\ 7 2 - 6 G0A>2 ?>A;5 @>64 4>=>@A:. <>;>:>< ( 1 0 En ) , 4> 8AG57=>2. 87>0=B8B5; 2 <>;>:5 <0B5@8 ( 2 - 3 =54) .
9 , 1 1 . 5G- 5: : @0==55 1 - 2 ACB <- 4>< 09<>=40. 1A>;: C 4>=>H= =. 1/ @> 3 4 2 , ?@8@>AB> 6 <:<>;L/ G, 65;BCE0/ 2K@06. 1;54=. ?@8 @>645=, 2 ?C?>2. :@. > 6 0 <:<>;L\ ;, =87:. 2< 1 0 0 3\ ;- =5A>2<- BL ?> 3@. 8 D- @C 4. 1. 4>:070=0. / =>H: ?@8@>AB- > 3 , 4 , ?C?>2. - 3 4 , =. 1/ @> 1 7 0 ( :0D) . 0<5=ONB 2 <O &( = 1 7 0 <;/ :3) . @8 R h :>=D;8:B5- 22>4OB >4=>3@C?= :@>2L R h - , =5> 2 - 3 4. :>=A5@20F88, 1 7 0 - 1 8 0 <;/ :3, 5A;8 =. 1/ @> 4 0 0 = > 2 5 0 - 3 0 0 <;/ :3. @8 M@- <0AAC 1 ( 0 ) 8 >4=>3@C??=. A :@>2LN @515=:0 8;8 4 ( ) ?;07<C 2 A>>B= 2 : 1 . 02545=85 =0 5 A<, A=0G. 22>4. ?;07<C 8;8 1 0 % 0;L1- 4;O A2O7. B>:A. 1/ @- 5 - 8 <;/ :3. @. ?>4>3@5B. 4>3 5 - 3 7 3@04. BA0A. 65;C4. A>4- >5. K2>4. 3 0 - 4 0 <;( =/ =>H- 2 0 ) . 25AB8 =0 5 0 <;> 2K2545==>9. @8 ?>;8F8B5- <88 >48=0:>2>. 54;, 3 - 4 <;/ <8=. '5@54CNB 2K254/ 2254 ?> 2 0 <;( =/ =>H- 1 0 ) . >A;5 :064. 1 0 0 <;- 1 0 % 3;N:!0= 1 , 0 ; 5 % 3;N:>70- 2 , 0 ( 1>@L10 A 0F84>7><) . 0:0=G. 2 0 - 2 5 <; ?;07<K 8;8 1 0 % 0;L1+ 5 % A>40- 5 - 1 0 <;. =. <>G8- A@07C, G/ 7 2 G- 3;N:>70 :@. $>B>B5@0?= =0G8=. ?@8 =. 1/ @ C 4>=>H- 2 0 5 , =/ =>H- 1 7 1 , =87:. m B- 1 0 0 - 1 5 0 . $>B>>:8A;. =. 1/ @ A >1@- 56 < 18;825@48=0, >= 2>4>@0AB2= > 2K2. A <>G>9 8 ABC;><+ :>=D83C@0F8>==. 87<- O =. 1/ @ =0 2>4>@0AB. 87><5@K+ AB@C:B. 87><5@ A 4;8B- BLN ?>;C2K2. 2 G. 0<?K A8=53> 8 15;>3> A25B0. ;8B- BL 7 2 - 9 6 G, ?5@5@K2 2 D>B>B5@. 5 > 3 G+ 8=DC7. B5@: 5 % 3;N:, 04A>@1 ( A<5:B0, 030@- 030@, E>;5AB8@0<8=) + D5=>10@1( 2 0 <:3/ :3/ ACB =0 3 ?@85<0- 1 4, 40;55- 3 , 5 - 4 <3/ :3) , 78:A0@8=.
1 0 . @C??K. :@: - A8AB M@8B@. A>45@6. 03- 033;NB8=8=1 ( 0 ) , 2 ( ) , 3 ( ) , 4 ( ) . ;07<0. A>45@68B 0B- 033;NB8=>35=K( 1 aр, bр, 2 bр, 3 aр, 4 - 0 ) . 5<>;87, 5A;8 2AB@5G. 8aр, 8bр. R h - D- @ ?> 8==5@C R h 1 ( C ) , R h 0 ( D ) , R h ( E ) , h r 1 ( A) , h r 0 ( d ) . h r ( e ) , R h 0 = R h + @. A>G5B0=- >G. @54:>. I5 5ABL 3@. :@. ?> 5;;8, 0118, 84, LN8A, !, . 5@5;82. M@- <0AAK: 1 N- 2A5<, 2 N- 2 , 4 , 3 N- 3 , 4 , 4 N- 4 9. R h + = > R h + . R h - = > 2A5<. 5@5;82. ?;07<: 4 N- 2A5<, 3 N- 3 , 1 ; 2 N- 2 , 1 ; 1 N- 1 ( 2 ?;07<5 R h =5B)
1 2 . 515=>: 20:F8=8@C5BAO & G/ 7 1 3, ?>A;5 ?>AB0=>2. @- F88 0=BC. 1 3 . 01;N4- 5 CG0AB:. ?5480B@0: =0 1 <5A 6. 3 @, 2 1 O 1 / 2 3 2 @2<5A, 2> 2 O 1 / 2 3 - 1 @\ <5A, =0 2 3. 6. 1 @\ 3 <5A. 52@>?0B>;>3: 1 <5A 2 >A<>B@0, 1 O 1 / 2 3 1 @\ 3 <5A, 40;55 ?> ?>:07. 1A;54: 1 @\ <5A 2 B5G. 3 <5A. 687=8, 2 @23. 4=>:@. 1\ E :@>28 ( >1<5= F e ) , DC=:F. B5ABK ?5G5=8, ?@>10 C<1A0, # ?5G5=8 8 65;G=. ?C7. A;8 : 1 3 =. 1/ @= N - ?5@52>4 2 1 3@. 74.
1 4 . @C??0 74>@>2LO 3 ( ? ) .
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