Hvac equipment: processes of cooling

The process of cooling is actually removal of heat. Comfort cooling is almost always accomplished by cooling air and then distributing the air into the space, where it mixes with the room air and cools down the entire volume.

There are four principal processes of cooling: a) mechanical compression refrigeration, b) absorption refrigeration, c) evaporative cooling, and d) natural ventilation. Cooling processes almost always involve circulating air through a machine that cools air down and blows it with a fan back into the space to be conditioned. The fluid that imparts the cooling effect to air is either a refrigerant which changes from a liquid to a gas or water. The central cooling generation equipment is referred to as DX (direct expansion) when the fluid used is a refrigerant. If the fluid is water, then the equipment called water chiller.

The mechanical vapor-compression cycle (Figure 3.13) is a method of transferring heat from one location to another. The cycle consists of four basic components: a) evaporator, b) compressor, c) condenser, and d) expansion valve.

Figure 3.13 Mechanical compression refrigeration system.

Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:

1. What is the process of cooling?

2. How does the process of cooling work?

3. How many principal processes of cooling are there?

4. What do cooling processes involve?

5. What is the central cooling generation equipment referred to?

6. How is the equipment called if the fluid is water?

7. What is the mechanical vapor-compression cycle?

8. What does the cycle consist of?

Упражнение 1. Переведите слова и словосочетания на русский язык.

Removal (n.); comfort cooling; accomplish (v.); distribute (v.); entire volume; mechanical compression refrigeration; absorption refrigeration; evaporative cooling; natural ventilation; involve (v.); fan (n.); impart (v.); cooling effect; refrigerant (n.); central cooling generation equipment; refer to (v.); DX (direct expansion); water chiller; mechanical vapor-compression cycle; location (n.); consist of (v.); evaporator (n.); compressor (n.); condenser (n.); expansion valve.

Actually; almost; always; and; then; into; where; with; through; down; back; that; either; which; from; or; as; when; if.

Упражнение3. Переведите слова и словосочетания на английский язык.

Сжатие в компрессоре; испарение охлаждением; естественная вентиляция, аэрация; придавать, наделять; охлаждающее действие; холодильный агент; установка для охлаждения водой; цикл с механической компрессией пара; расширительный клапан, регулирующий вентиль.

Всегда; и; затем; где; с; через; назад; который; когда; что; либо; от; как, в качестве; если.

Упражнение 4. Найдите перевод слов списка А в списке В.

А

Evaporator; compressor; liquid; refrigeration; chiller; direct expansion; ventilation; valve; condenser; space; equipment; fan; fluid; absorption; location; volume; accomplish; distribute; impart; another; consist of; involve;

refer to; almost; always; through.

В

Жидкость; клапан; охлаждение; компрессор; текучая среда; испаритель; непосредственное охлаждение; пространство; через; оборудование; вентиляция; состоять из; всегда; относится к; придавать; другой; расположение; объем; завершать; тягодутьевое устройство; конденсатор; распределять; почти; абсорбция; включать; охладитель (охлаждающий теплообменник).

Упражнение 5. Найдите в тексте прилагательное с суффиксом -al и наречия с суффиксом –ly.

Упражнение 6. Сопоставьте элементы оборудования по охлаждению и подогреву (А) с их функциями (В).

(A) The essential elements of delivery side cooling and heating equipment are:

1. air handling equipment;

2. supply network;

3. return path;

4. exhaust outlet;

5. fresh air inlet;

(B) Functions:

1. required to replace exhaust air and maintain an acceptable level of air quality.

2. carries air back to the delivery unit (air handling unit). Ducting is optional.

3. distributes conditioned air to different part of the building. Ducts required.

4. controls temperature, humidity, and quality of air.

5. required to get rid of odors and air contaminants.