- •I. Before you read:
- •1.5 Comment on the grammar. Pay attention to the verb to be. You may continue the sentences:
- •1.6 Comment on the grammar. Pay attention to the plural forms of the nouns:
- •II. Reading:
- •III. After you have read:
- •4.2 Make up your own dialogues using the models from the task 4.1
- •1.4 Comment on the grammar. Pay attention to the verbs in the Present Simple Active. Give the negative and question –forms.
- •II. Reading:
- •3.1. Make up sentences from these words:
- •3.2. Find
- •3.3 Put the verb into the Past Simple or Future Simple. Use the words: yesterday, ago, last/next week, month, year, tomorrow, in some years/months etc. Give the negative and question –forms.
- •IV. Brush up your talk:
- •4.1Complete the short dialogues using the phrases from the text:
- •4.2 Make up your own dialogues using the models from the task 4.1. These phrases and words may be helpful for you.
- •4.3Tell about your own family using all information you have got.
- •1.4 Make up sentences paying attention to Simple and Progressive Tenses. Translate the sentences.
- •1.5. Comment on the grammar.
- •II. Reading
- •1. 1True or false?
- •1.2 Make up sentences from these words:
- •1.3 Give the missing forms of adjectives. Make up sentences with these adjectives.
- •1.4 Put the verb to take part into the correct tense-form. Pay attention to the words given in the brackets.
- •1.5. Put the verb in the brackets into the necessary tense form.
- •IV. Brush up your talk:
- •4.1Complete the short dialogues using the information from the text:
- •4.2 Read and learn:
- •4.3 Make up your own dialogues using the models from the tasks 4.1 and 4.2
- •4.4 Summarize the text «My University».
- •I. Before you read:
- •1.1 Read the words properly:
- •1.2 State the part of speech:
- •1.7. Comment on the grammar. Make up negative and question forms if it is possible.
- •II. Reading
- •3.1 Make up the sentence of two parts:
- •3.2 Make up all possible questions to these sentences. Give the negative form:
- •3.3 Write the Passive Progressive of these sentences. Use words now, from … till, the whole month/morning etc:
- •IV. Brush up your talk:
- •4.2 Read the following quotes from different articles about the problems of higher education in Russia. Formulate the main idea of each statement. Do you agree with these opinions?
- •4.3 Discuss* these topics using all information you have got.
- •I. Before you read:
- •1.1 Read the words properly:
- •1.2 Find the Russian equivalents:
- •1.3 State the part of speech:
- •1.4 Analyse the use of modal verbs and their equivalents. Translate the following sentences:
- •II. Reading:
- •III. After you have read:
- •3.1 Say what is true and what is false. Correct the false statements:
- •3.2 .Fill in the blanks with words from the text:
- •3.3. Substitute the modal verbs for the possible equivalents:
- •3.4 Insert the modal verbs may or can:
- •3.5 Insert the necessary modal verb or it equivalent:
- •IV. Speaking
- •1.4 Analyse the use of modal verbs and their equivalents. Translate the following sentences:
- •II. Reading:
- •III. After you have read:
- •3.1. Say what is true and what is false. Correct the false statements:
- •3.2 Fill in the blanks with words from the text:
- •3.3. Substitute the modal verbs for the possible equivalents:
- •3.4 Insert the modal verbs may or can:
- •3.5 Insert the necessary modal verb or its equivalent:
- •IV. Review:
- •4.1 Make up 5 general and 5 special questions to the text.
- •4.2 Give the negative and question form of the following sentences:
- •4.3 Point out the sentences with Passive.
- •V. Speaking
- •5.1 Answer the following questions:
- •5.2 Speak about Karl Benz using his profile:
- •5.3 Use the following phrases and word combinations to retell the text:
- •In 1830 Thon completed his most ambitious design to date, that of the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour15 in Moscow (fig. 17).
- •15.4. After you have read:
- •Тема 1 - Урок 1 - Диалог 1
In 1830 Thon completed his most ambitious design to date, that of the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour15 in Moscow (fig. 17).
The Russian-Byzantine Revival style of his project, intended to underline similarity of the new church with old cathedrals of the Moscow Kremlin, displeased many of his fellows, who wanted to see the cathedral built in the severe Neoclassical style. Nevertheless, the emperor personally approved his design. Thon and his disciples continued to work on the cathedral for the next 50 years, until the master's death in 1881.
In 1836-1842 Thon supervised the construction of another ponderous church with a spacious interior, that of Presentation to the Temple for the Semenovsky regiment in St. Petersburg. He followed this with dozens of Neo-Russian-Byzantine designs for churches and cathedrals in provincial towns, including Sveaborg, Yelets, Tomsk, Rostov-on-Don, and Krasnoyarsk. Some of his revivalist projects were assembled in the Model Album for Church Designs (1836).
From 1838 to 1851 Thon was employed in construction of the Neo-Russian Grand Kremlin Palace and the Kremlin Armoury in Moscow. The grandiose palace, famed for opulent interiors of its 700 rooms and halls, was meant to symbolize the grandeur of the Russian state. It was a daring design which incorporated parts of earlier structures. The palace has served successively as an official residence for the Russian tsars, Soviet rulers, and the Presidents of the Russian Federation. At the same time, Thon rehabilitated the abandoned Izmaylovo Estate into an almshouse for the veterans of the Napoleonic Wars.
Thon's last important commissions were the Nikolaevsky railway stations in Moscow and Saint Petersburg (1849–1851). In his design for the stations the architect implemented some of the newest construction technologies. Despite large pieces of steelwork used in the construction, Venetian facades and medieval clock towers of the stations cleverly masked their modern function. Both structures, although extensively reconstructed, are still standing.
After the death of his patron, the Emperor, Thon's failing health prevented him from working on other projects apart from the great cathedral in Moscow. He died at St. Petersburg in 1881.
Even during his lifetime, the more radical of his contemporaries, such as Alexander Herzen, dismissed his architecture as "reactionary manifestation of the tyrant's rule". The Soviet authorities, labelling Thon's churches ugly chests of drawers, systematically destroyed as many of them as possible, including all his churches in St Petersburg and vicinity and the work of his life, the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour. The fall of the Soviet rule in 1991 brought about a renewed interest in the work of the Neo-Russian-Byzantine master.
St. Nicolas church (Fig. 19) built in 1896 after the project taken from Thon’s Model Album for Church Designs is situated in the Orel region (Maloarkhangelsk district, village Upaloye). The church was greatly destroyed during the Soviet times. Nowadays it is being rebuilt.
Fig. 19. St. Nicolas church, village Upaloye