II. Дайте відповіді на запитання:

1. What economic systems do you know?

2. What is a planned economy? What are its main features?

3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of planned economics?

III. Перепишіть речення, випишіть з кожного дієслово-присудок та вкажіть його час та стан. Перекладіть речення.

1. We have been regular buyers of computers from this company for many

years.

2. We are sure the above information will help you.

3. We were interested in receiving information concerning the situation on the

world market.

4. They will enclose with the letter all particulars concerning technical

characteristics of the model.

5. We provide our goods with wide advertising.

IV. Перепишіть речення, випишіть з них Participle I та Participle II, вкажіть їх функції в реченні (тобто чи є він обставиною, означенням чи частиною дієслова-присудка). Перекладіть речення.

1. Leaving the office, Mr. Brown met his college Mr. Lake.

2. Send us all future orders taking into consideration new prices.

3. They are signing the contract now.

4. Signing the contract they stressed the importance of using new material.

5. These computers are made of good materials.

V. Перепишіть речення, підкресліть у них Gerund. Вкажіть його функції в реченні та перекладіть речення.

1. Excuse my making a comment.

2. He suggests discussing the problem now.

3. I objected to packing the goods in plastic bags.

4. Before going to the office Mr. Hunt went to the trade delegation.

5. What do you prefer doing during your holidays?

VI. Перекладіть речення, вживаючи Gerund.

1. Замість того, щоб перевести всю суму, вони перевели тільки 10%.

2. За таких умов ми проти того, щоб ви переводили гроші у другому

кварталі.

3. Вони уникають купувати товари на умовах СІФ (СIF).

4. Ми проти того, щоб пакувати товар у коробки.

5. Вибачте, що прошу вас знову.

VII. Перепишіть наступні речення та перекладіть їх, вкажіть функцію герундія або герундіального зворота.

1. By applying the new method the scientist achieved better results.

2. I know of his experimenting last year.

3. You cannot stop raising temperature in this process until it reaches 80 degrees.

4. All aspects of life depend on our understanding the properties of matter.

Variant 4

I.Прочитайте та перекладіть текст письмово:

Mixed economics

Command and market economies both have significant faults. Partly because of this, an intermediate system has developed, known as mixed economies. A mixed economy means very much what it says as it contains elements of both market and planned economies. At one extreme we have a command economy, which does not allow individuals to make economic decisions, at the other extreme we have a free market, where individuals exercise considerable economic freedom of choice without any government restrictions. Between these two extremes lies a mixed economy. In mixed economies some resources are controlled by the government while others are used in response to the demands of consumers.

Technically, all the economies of the world are mixed: it is just the balance elements between market and planned elements that alters. Some countries are nearer to command economies, while others are closer to free market economies. So, for example, Hong Kong has some state-controlled industries, while Cuba has some privately owned and controlled firms.

The aim of mixed economies is to avoid the disadvantaged of both systems while enjoying the benefits that they both offer. So, in a mixed economy the government and the private sector interact in solving economic problems. The state controls the share of the output through taxation and transfer payments and intervenes to supply essential items such as health, education and defence, while private firms produce cars, furniture, electrical items and similar, less essential products.

The UK is mixed economy: some services are provided by the state (for example, health care and defence) while a range of privately owned businesses offer other goods and services. The Conservative government switched many businesses from being state-owned and controlled to being privately owned as part of its privatization programme. This has taken the UK economy further away from the planned system.

II. Дайте відповіді на запитання до тексту:

1. Are there any pure examples of planned and market economies?

2. What is mixed economy?

3. What is the aim of mixed economy?

4. What type of economy has Ukraine now?

5. What are the advantages of mixed economy?

III. Перепишіть речення, випишіть з кожного дієслово-присудок та вкажіть його час та стан. Перекладіть речення.

1. The protocol was signed on this basis.

2. The manufactures propose to make some modifications to the equipment.

3. If the tests complete they will notify us of the results.

4. We have been good partners since last year.

5. The inspector has been authorizing shipment of the machines the whole week

through.

Перепишіть речення, випишіть з них Participle I та Participle II, вкажіть їх функції в реченні (тобто чи є він обставиною, означенням чи частиною дієслова-присудка). Перекладіть речення.

1. Exhibits arriving from many European countries will be on display in Olympia.

2. The firm sent us some booklets describing the new method of production.

3. Entering the conference room, Mr. Hunt saw Mr. Brown, the President of Blake & Co.

4. Having written the letter, the secretary went to the post-office.

5. He is a well-known businessman and a distinguished person.

V. Перепишіть речення, підкресліть у них Gerund. Вкажіть його функції в реченні та перекладіть речення.

1. Instead of correcting the defects they replaced the whole unit.

2. We are experiencing great difficulties in dispatching the last shipment.

3. They objected to making modifications.

4. Excuse my interrupting you.

5. I object to packing the goods in separate crates.