Вариант 3

1. Переведите письменно текст.

TRANSLATING MACHINES

1.Machines for translating texts from one language into another are known to have been built many times and by different inventors. Soon after electronic engineers have designed computers, certain prospects were opened for applying them to translate text.

2.How does a computers translate a text? Let us suppose that we have an English text, which is to be translated into Russian. First a programmer translates it into a special machine language, the language of numbers. The text having been translated into a numbers language, the programmer assistant punches corresponding holes in a special paper tape. This time the operator converts the text into the language of hole combinations punched in the paper tape. The whole text having been translated into the code of punched hole combinations, the machine can now convert the text into the language of electric impulses and thus to introduce the information into a computer memory in the form of electromagnetic signals.

3.A computer has its own dictionary stored in its magnetic memory. To find a word in this magnetic dictionary, the computer compares the code number of a given word of the text with those stored in its electromagnetic memory. Having found the same number in the English memory, the computer selects the corresponding number code of the Russian equivalent. The number of the Russian equivalent is now converted into the corresponding Russian word and the machine types it in Russian letters on a paper sheet and show it on the screen of its display.

2. Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы к тексту:

1. In what from are words stored in a computer memory?

2. What does a computer do to find a word in its magnetic dictionary?

3. How can a computer put out the information translated?

3. Перепишите предложения, определите функции инфинитива, переведите предложения на русский язык(см. образец 1):

1. To test this machine is rather difficult.

2. Information to be computed is stored usually in registers.

3. To solve this problem it is necessary to know the principles of modern electronics.

4. Укажите, какой инфинитивный оборот (субъектный инфинитивный оборот или объектный инфинитивный оборот) употреблён в данных предложениях. Переведите предложения:

1. In the laboratory we saw the perforator punch holes in the cards of standard size.

2. We know silver to be the best conducting materials.

3. All the details of the plan are supposed to have been explained to you.

4. The application of this device in our experiment is certain to give better results.

5. Перепишите предложения, определите функции причастия I и причастия II, переведите предложения на русский язык (см. образец 2):

1. The data obtained should be carefully analyzed.

2. The line showing the direction of a moving body is its trajectory.

3. Having finished the experiment the researches began to analyze the data obtained.

6. Перепишите предложения, определите функции герундия, переведите предложения на русский язык (см. образец 3):

1. Adding heat to a substance does not always cause a rise in its temperature.

2. We can produce heat by burhing oil, gas or any other fuel.

3. Their wish is mastering the fundamentals of radio-engineering.

7. Определите, чем является –ing- форма в данных предложениях (герундием или причастием):

1. Measuring temperature is necessary in many experiments.

2. Measuring temperature you must be attentive.

8. Подберите русские эквиваленты к выделенным словам:

1. Constructing a new type of device became passable after numerous experiments.

2. Constructing a new device the engineer used various materials.

1. конструирование; 2) конструируя