"Creekology"
One of the first theories was that underground pools of oil ran parallel to creeks and rivers and that drilling in creek beds would yield the prize. I think they called this «creekology». This theory led to Oil Creek and the Allegheny River in Pennsylvania (along with every stream leading into them) to be lined with operators. It was a very popular and successful method until one day in the late 1860s when Pennsylvania suffered very heavy rains and the industry was flushed away. Survivors began checking higher ground for oil.
Oil was everywhere and sometimes could be found by accident. One day, a fire broke out in the kitchen of a boarding house in a small oil-area town. Buckets of water were quickly brought from the nearest well. But the fire wasn't going out. In fact, the water seemed to be feeding the fire. The well was found to have several inches of oil in it. Water was brought from other wells nearby, but with the same result. This story is related in "Oil Region Reminiscences", published in 1907. It doesn't give us the fate of the boarding house but does say that the town's residents were quite happy to find oil seeping into the water wells. All of them were scooping and bailing oil and dreaming of what to do with all the money they would be making. And then the pipeline company fixed the leak in its line that ran over the hill behind town.
(Oil and Gas Journal)
Ex. 32 Think of 5-7 spheres of life where oil can be used. Give your reasoning.
m
Petroleum Engineering
Text:
Grammar:
Grammar Revision:
Natural Gas The Gerund The Emphatic Constructions
Ex.1 Read the following international words and word combinations and give their Russian equivalents:
hydrocarbon
reserve associated gas decade
essential condition optimal design petrochemical industry modem technique compressed gas phase cryogenic
['haidrou'karban n'za:v]
[s'soujieitid gaes]
['dekeid]
[I'senjal kan'dijan]
['optimal di'zain]
['petro'kemikarmdsstn]
['modan tek'nirk]
[kam'prest gass feiz]
['krais'd^enik]
Ex. 2 Read the following pairs of words. Mind their different pronounciation.
graduate (from) v—-заканчивать вуз
['grsedjueit]
associate v — соединять, связывать
[a'soujieit]
aggregate v—соединять
['aegngeit]
advocate v— защищать
['aedvskeit]
separate v—разделять
['separeit]
graduate n — выпускник
['grasdjuit]
associate n —- компаньон
[a'soujiit]
- совокупность
- защитник
• отдельный
aggregate n -['aegngit] advocate n -['asdvakit] separate a -['separit]
Petroleum Engineering
53
Unit 3
Ex. 3 Make up the sentences. Mind the word order.
Study, is, results, a, of, made, the.
In, production, well logging, increased, results.
The, found, shows, oil, surface, on, geologists.
Shows, the, conditions, the, subsurface, survey.
Cap, a, impermeable, oil, in, rocks, reservoir.
Occupies, in, gas, the, part, cap, upper, reservoir, a.
Ex. 4 Translate the sentences. Mind the Emphatic Constructions "it is.... that (who, which)" and "it is not until.... that".
It was D.I.Mendeleyev who published the paper on the inorganic theory ofthe origin of petroleum in 1879.
It was not until the first giant gas accumulations were found in Siberia that the growth of gas industry began.
It is the natural gas that is considered to be the most promising energy source.
It was in the Kola Peninsula where the first superdeep well was drilled.
It was not until the end of the last centurythat such large companies as "Lukoil", "Yukos", and others were formed.
Герундий i ' (The Gerund)
Формы герундия
|
|
Active |
Passive |
|
Indefinite Perfect |
drilling having drilled |
being drilled having been drilled |
Функции герундия в предложении
1. Подлежащее
Drilling a well is an expensive operation.
Бурение скважины является дорогостоящей операцией.
Пробурить скважину - дорогостоящая операция.
2. Дополнение
а) прямое
The operators stopped drilling the well at the depth of 1,500 m.
Операторы прекратили бурение (бурить) скважину на глубине 1,500 м.
б) с предлогом
The contractors were interested in drilling a well in this area.
Подрядчики были заинтересованы в том, чтобы пробурить скважину на этой территории.
Зчг
Petroleum Engineering
Unit 3