- •Part two
- •2.1 Anticipating the Issue
- •2. 1A. Man and Society
- •1. Are you a gregarious person, enjoying socializing, or do you prefer to stay alone in a distant place, savouring its tranquility3?
- •2. Explain the meaning of the words in bold and answer the questions that follow.
- •3. Read the text, find equivalents to the words in bold, answer the questions.
- •2.2 Raise the Issue
- •2.2 A. Words in Context
- •1. Tick the word closest in meaning to that of the each boldfaced word. Use the context of the sentences to help you figure out each word’s meaning.
- •2. Write the word next to its definition. The sentences in the previous exercise will help you decide on the meaning of each word.
- •3. Complete the text with the words from the box.
- •4. Answer the following questions.
- •2. 2 B. Listening and Watching
- •2.2 C. Creative Consolidation
- •1. Write a synthetic review of the information from the text and multimedia programs, supporting it with the data from Russian sources.
- •2. Write a 350-word essay developing one of the following theses:
- •3. Write an article about the reasons for tyrants’ and dictators’ success in politics and their quite common failure in business.
- •2.2 D. Roots of Terrorism
- •1. Read the article and say whether you agree with the writer’s stance on the problem.
- •2. Find these expressions in the text and explain their meaning.
- •3. Match the following words with their definitions.
- •4. Match the pairs of antonyms.
- •2. Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
- •3. Read the following sentence and explain the meaning of the expression in italics.
- •2.2 G. Listening and Watching
- •2. Write the word next to its definition. The sentences in the previous exercise will help you decide on the meaning of each word.
- •3. Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once.
- •2.3 B. Roots of Crime
- •1. Read the article and say whether your vision of breeding grounds of crime differs from the writer’s?
- •2. Find the following expressions in the text and explain their meaning.
- •3. Match the words with their definitions.
- •4. Answer the questions.
- •5. Speak about roots of crime in our country. Are they absolutely similar to those mentioned in the article?
- •2.3 C. Vocabulary in Focus
- •1. Choose the correct answer.
- •2.3 D. Listening and Watching
- •2. Write the word next to its definition. The sentences in the previous exercise will help you decide on the meaning of each word.
- •3. Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once.
- •2.4 B. Legalization of Drugs? Yes/No?
- •1. Read the article.
- •2. Find the following expressions in the text and explain their meaning.
- •3. Match the words with their definitions.
- •4. Match the pairs of antonyms.
- •5. Answer the questions.
- •6. Read the following statements. Do you think the author would agree (a) or disagree (d) with them? Write a or d next to each statement. .
- •2.4 C. Watching and Listening
- •2. Answer the following questions.
- •2. 5 Reading Selection
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Study the following statements and discriminate between the true and false ones.
- •2. Find the words in the article that have similar meaning to the following.
- •3. Do you think the author would agree with the following statements?
- •4. Express your own opinions on the above statements.
- •5. For discussion.
- •By Sherry Joe
- •Culture
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Answer the following questions.
- •2. Brainstorm ideas.
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Do you think the writer would agree with the following statements?
- •2. Answer the following questions.
- •3. Brainstorm ideas.
- •Vocabulary
- •1. How would the writer answer these questions?
- •2. What is your position to the writer’s statement?
- •3. Has your vision of the problem changed after reading this article? Have you become more open-minded (ready and willing to consider new ideas)? Have you become more tolerant of other groups?
- •4. Brainstorm ideas.
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Answer the following questions.
- •2.7 Creative Consolidation
- •1. Project-Making.
- •2. Write an article about:
- •3. Write a 350-word essay developing one of the theses.
2.3 B. Roots of Crime
➢ What factors help to create a criminal: social, individual, or combination of factors?
1. Read the article and say whether your vision of breeding grounds of crime differs from the writer’s?
Roots of Crime10
Whenever the question of the social roots of crime arises the researchers of the problem will resort to strain theory and start speculating about criminal underworld, providing for the security, safety, shared interests of its members, segregated from the rest of the society. Those authors take solace in the knowledge that crime is engendered in the underprivileged world where poverty, unemployment, obtrusive overcrowding in poor physical conditions and a lack of leisure opportunities other than the pub expedite the process of transgression against laws and morals and a drift into criminal career.
An urban underworld forms an occupational community which is especially auspicious for the development of a subculture with implicit norms of criminal behavior, slang, and a special spirit sustaining the shared identity. Central to underworld code is the injunction11 not to inform on others. Association with other criminals complemented by the lack of association with the targets of crime inhibits any remorse about sustaining the shared identity.
The underworld, however, in the past decades has been fundamentally altered by the urban redevelopment of the inner-city areas and dispersal of the population to the suburbs. It now forms an extended social network rather than a particular physical locale. Crime character has also changed. In the previous century law-abiding community viewed burglary, violence against person, gambling, and prostitution as the most heinous acts. However today they are considered “petty, unsophisticated, unorganized, brutal and largely unprofitable”.
Growing affluence and, in particular, the increasing scale of business activity have given rise to project crime when criminals are especially fastidious about planning. Project crime involves a much smaller number of large thefts. To implement their plans criminals have to organize themselves more effectively: improved safes, alarm systems, and security vans require advanced discreet planning and a much higher level of cooperation. It is not unknown that people of high respectability have been associates in such crimes.
But a learned scholar once an epitome of cool, will be confused by the question about the frequency with which high-status people commit crimes themselves. With vehement anger this supporter of the thesis that crime and deviance are caused by pains of poverty and want will rebuke you saying that it’s the case for psychotherapists rather than researchers of law as those people are simply crazy.
Now however a new concept of white-collar crime is gradually gaining ground. White-collar crimes are committed by “a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation”, and they quite often involve violations of trust. Though zealous advocates of strain theory believe that those people involved in fraudulent shams need medical rehabilitation rather than prison sentence and their wealth is extenuating circumstance and a proof that the crime was committed in the fit of insanity, their opponents, now numerous, will refute this argument. They maintain that if upper-status people flout the rules of the society they shouldn’t redeem themselves by just making amends. There is no disparity in motivation impelling the poor and the rich to break the law. Princes as well as paupers can be overcome by greed and temptation.