1110. A B C

1111. receive much rainfall.

1112. D

1113. 7. By the time babies are seven months old their able to sit up without support.

1114. A B C D

1115. 8. It is probably that a well- developed memory is crucial in learning a foreign

1116. A B C D

1117. language.

1118. 9. The Saudi Arabian economy depends large on the petroleum industry and oil

1119. A B C D

1120. production.

1121. 10. Veterinary medicine is the branch of medical science where deals with the

1122. A B C

1123. diseases of animals.

1124. D

1125. 11. Research indicates that genetic inputs influence who we react to alcohol.

1126. A B C D

1127. 12. What the violin-maker glues the violin parts together, he uses no nails or

1128. A B C D

1129. screws.

1130. 13. Not everyone wish to or can afford to purchase a home.

1131. A B C D

1132. 14. Left to themselves, rain forests sustains their ecological systems indefinitely.

1133. A B C D

1134. 15. During the day the sun warm the air near the earth’s surface and the heated air

1135. A B C D

1136. rises.

1137. 16. Cyclical unemployment figures include workers who lose their jobs because a

1138. A B C D

1139. recession.

1140. 17. Of all the paved roads in the nation 93 percent are covered by asphalt.

1141. A B C D

1142. 18. Each of the musicians in the orchestra were rehearsing daily before the concert

1143. A B C

1144. tour began.

1145. D

1146. 19. Side photographic light it dose not show surface detail as well as front light.

1147. A B C D

1148. 20. Television news give you more information than radio news.

1149. A B C D

1151. Test 9

1153. Directions:Each sentence (1 – 20) has four underlined words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.

1. Although Japan is crowded, the Japanese has a high standard of living.

1155. A B C D

2. Balm which grown in damp and shady woodlands is a tall, fragrant herb of the

1156. A B C

1157. mint species.

1158. D

3. Cabbage and lettuce have such a short stems and broad leaves that they appear

1160. A B C

1161. to have no stems at all.

1162. D

4. It is not known why many seeds undergo a period of dormancy even during the

1163. A B C

1164. times when conditions for them growth is favorable.

1165. D

5. The price theory that represents the core of microeconomics explained how the

1166. A B

1167. variability of supply and demand in competitive markets creates the interplay of

1168. C D

1169. goods and services.

6. When wine grapes contain the proper amounts of acid and sugar required to

1170. A B C D

1171. produce wine.

1172. 7. Beef and dairy cattle is major sources of income in Louisiana, which has a mild

1173. A B C D

1174. climate.

1175. 8. The metric system is a system of measures and weights which is first adopted in

1176. A B C D

1177. France.

1178. 9. In ancient Rome people are used sticks made of metal with a pointed end for

1179. A B C

1180. writing on waxed tablets.

1181. D

1182. 10. Stratford-on-Avon is a small town in central England where Shakespeare has

1183. A B C D

1184. been born.

1186. 11. Some two centuries ago when there were no trains, cars and trams, people used

1187. A B C D

1188. to travelling in carriages.

1189. 12. From the door he shouted that he will be back in two hours.

1190. A B C D

1191. 13. The British labour movement developed as a means of improve working

1192. A B C

1193. conditions through

PRESENT TENSES 34

THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE 35

Ex.5. Write and read the he/she/it forms. 36

Ex.8. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple. 37

Model: She doesn’t often agree with us, does she? 38

You are not really asking a question, you are only inviting the listener to agree with you. So your voice goes down at the end of the tag. 38

I am late, aren’t I? 38

You are asking if you’re late. So the voice goes up. 38

1.It’s a lovely day today, _________? – Yes, it’s absolutely wonderful. 38

2.I hear you speak fluent French, ________ . 38

3.There is something wrong, __________. 38

4.She is our new secretary, ________. 38

5.You know my telephone number, _________ . 38

6.You remember my address, __________. 38

7.He finishes work at 6.00, _________. 38

8.She is busy, _________. 38

9.It’s cold, _______. 38

10.The meeting is at three o’clock, _________. 38

11.These figures don’t astonish our boss, _________. 38

12.Jack enjoys fast driving, _________. 38

13.They don’t work at weekend, _________ . 38

14.She doesn’t care about him, ________. 39

Ex.11. Complete the questions. 39

Ex.12. Match the questions with the answers. 40

Ex.13. Alice is at a job interview at the moment. 40

Ex.15. Open the brackets and put the time expressions in the right place. The first two sentences have been done for you as an example. 41

Ex.17. Correct the mistakes if there are any. 42

Ex.18. Translate into English. 43

THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE 43

A. 43

B. 43

C. 44

Ex.20. Add –ing to the verbs in these sentences. 44

c - actions which happen too often and we want to express our annoyance or criticism; 44

Ex.23. Match two parts of the sentences in the box to make up logical sentences describing people’s criticism, annoyance or surprise. 46

- You ________________________________________________. 47

Ex.27. Translate into English. 49

THE PRESENT SIMPLE versus THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS 50

Ex.28. Open the brackets, putting the verbs into the correct form, the Present Continuous or the Present Simple. Compare the sentences, try to elicit the difference. 50

Ex.29. Match the questions and answers. 51

Ex.31. Translate into English. 52

Ex.4. Read the poem. Pay attention to the way of making questions. 90

Have you ever seen the beaches of Mexico? 90

Have you ever been in trouble? 90

1.John Grisham is a well-known American writer. He has written about twenty novels still/so far. 92

3.Jeff is very sad. He has ever/just failed the exam. 92

4.We’ve just/already gone through the customs. 92

5.Have you never/ever tasted paella? – Yes, I have. I tasted it when I was on holiday in Spain. 92

6.You’re just in time. The concert hasn’t begun still/yet. 92

7.I have never/just seen this film before. 92

8.Have you seen any good films since/ lately? 92

9.The secretary has typed ten letters this morning yet/so far. 92

10.Our neighbours have moved to another town recently/so far. 92

Ex.9. Fill in for or since. 92

5. ______ they moved to Italy 92

10. ______ a long time 93

THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE 98

Ex.18. Write and read the he/she/it forms. Make other necessary changes. 98

Ex.20. Ask questions using the question words in brackets. 100

1. We have been working on this project for two years. (How long?) 100

2. Mike has been working with us since January. (Since when?) 100

3. He is an experienced specialist. But you know, he has been making too many 100

mistakes lately. (Who?) 100

4. I hear Sharon is looking for a new job. - Yes, she is. She has been looking 100

for it for about two or three months. (What?) 100

5. It seems strange but she has been avoiding me over the last few days. (Why?) 100

Ex.21. In pairs, ask and answer questions. 100

Ex.24. Correct the mistakes if there are any. 102

1.They are been travelling for two weeks. 102

2.I’ve thinking about you all week. 102

3.I can’t say exactly how long I have been knowing Simon. 102

4.She have been making phone calls all morning. 102

5.He has been being ill for a couple of weeks. 102

6.It has been raining all day. I wonder when it will stop. 102

7.They have been hearing to music for two hours. 102

8.Mr. Robinson is working in the same place for over thirty years, and he is not planning to retire. 102

9.Do you have a driving license? – Yes. I have been having it for four years now. 102

10.I’m not surprised Katie has failed her exam. She has been not working hard recently. 102

11.You’re so red! How long were you sunbathing? All morning? – I haven’t been sunbathing. I’ve been reading in the sun. 102

Ex.25. Translate into English. 102

THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS versus THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS 103

Ex.26. Read and compare the sentences: 103

Laura, the baby is crying. - She has been crying for almost ten minutes. I can’t do anything. 103

Complete the situations in 1-4 like in the sentences above and explain the difference between them. 103

1.It’s raining. – Indeed, it ___________________. 103

2.He is sleeping. - But he _______________. 103

3.Who are you waiting for? - The designer. I _________________. 103

4.Sorry, I can’t help you with your homework. I am revising for my exam. ________________________. 103

THE PRESENT PERFECT versus THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTNUOUS 103

Ex.27. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Continuous. 103

Model: I’ve checked the calculations. (the focus on the completion) → 103

I’ve been checking the calculations since/all morning. (the focus on the activities) 103

1.I (play) ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­___________ golf four times this week. 103

2.Ralph (repair) ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­___________ the washing machine since morning. 103

4.- Stacy says she (not finish) ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­___________ reading the book yet. 103

- But she (read) ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­___________ it for about a month. 103

5.Vitaliy and Vladimir Klitschko, the world heavyweight boxing champions, (win) ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­___________ a lot of gold medals. 103

6.Everything is white. It (snow) ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­___________ all night. 104

7.Betsy is upset because she just (hear) ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­___________ some bad news. 104

8.It smells of paint. Dad (paint) ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­___________ the table. 104

9.Carol and her family (be) ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­___________ in Sweden for three years. They (live) ___________ there since 2009. 104

10.No wonder that Samantha hasn’t done any work. She (talk) ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­___________ on the phone all morning. 104

16.Unit 3.TYPES OF ECONOMIC SYSTEMS 108

28. 108

30.LEAD-IN 108

32.PRE-TEXT EXERCISES 109

34.A. Reading drills 109

35.Ex.1. Practice reading the following words: 109

42.Ex.2. Read the following words. The underlined letters are silent. 109

43.Bomb, comb, lamb, debt, write, know, knife, doubt, receipt, psychology. 109

45.Ex.3. Read the words in the group below. Pay attention to the word stress. 109

50.B. Word formation 110

69.What other noun or adjective suffixes do you know? Give examples. 110

71.TEXT A: TYPES OF ECONOMIC SYSTEMS 110

84.Market Economic System 112

87.Command Economic System 113

90.Mixed Economic System 114

98.Language notes: 115

99.we are tempted to say – ми схиляємось до ствердження того, що… 115

107.Ex.1. Find the English equivalents in the text. 115

113.Ex.3. Give three forms of the following verbs. Find the sentences with these verbs in the text. 116

114.Deal, make, say, come, cost, choose, see, do, find, speak, be, sell. 116

119.Model:economic system 116

120.e.g. People have made use of a variety of economic systems. 116

122.Ex.5. Match up the words on the left with the definitions on the right. 116

124.1 116

125.aneconomicsystem 116

126.a 116

127.economy, with some free enterprise and some government ownership 116

128.2 117

129.a traditional economic system 117

130.b 117

131.an economic system in which the state or government manages the economy 117

132.3 117

133.a market economic system 117

134.c 117

135.also commonly described as a free enterprise or capitalist system 117

136.4 117

137.a planned economy or directed economy 117

138.d 117

139.one in which people's economic roles are the same as those of their parents and grandparents 117

140.5 117

141.mixed economic system 117

142.e 117

144.6 117

145.laissez-faire 117

146.f 117

147.a way of answering three basic questions:what, how and for whom to produce 117

149.Ex.6. Choose an appropriate word or a phrase to complete the following sentences. 117

153.Ex.7. Complete the following sentences with prepositions. 118

155.Ex.8. Combine two parts logically to make a complete sentence. 118

200.Ex.10. Translate into English: 120

202.LANGUAGE SKILLS 121

204.Ex.11. Ask questions to which the following sentences may be answers. 121

216.Ex.12. Answer the questions: 122

226.Ex.16. Write an essay (100-150 words) about:. 122

227.a) Pros and cons of command economies. 122

232.Ex.17. With your partners do the following. 123

242.TEXT B:COMMAND ECONOMY 124

243. 124

264.Ex.21.Read the text more thoroughly and answer the questions. 127

267.TEXT C: THE GOOD (AND BAD) MODEL GUIDE 128

284.Task 1.Compare European models − German, Swedish and Dutch: what they have in common and in what they are different. 130

285.Task 2.Compare European economic models with American, Asian (Japanese and East Asian) and New Zealand. Say which of the models you consider the most effective. 130

286.Task 3.If somebody is obsessed with an idea (para.2), is he 130

287.a) disagreeing strongly with it; 130

288.b) refusing to support it; 130

289.c) having the mind excessively preoccupied with this idea. 130

294.c) to keep stable. 130

335.Memorise the language of giving directions: 136

474.GRAMMAR EXERCISES 145

476.PAST TENSES 145

786.Unit 4. DEMAND AND SUPPLY 170

1042.1. Supply always comes on the heels of demand. Robert Collier, American motivational author, (1885-1950) 190

1141.Ex.4. Read a sample telephone conversation. 199

1169.Ex.5. Read and study useful phrases. 201

I’ll look forward to seeing you. 201

1170.Asking to meet 201

1172.Agreeing on a date 201

1173.Suggesting a different date 202

1174.Setting a time 202

1175.Changing the arrangement 202

1179.Serge: Hi, Ann. It’s Serge. I’m calling to make an appointment for LeeAnn. She wants to meet Miles next week sometime. 203

1180.Ann: Let me take a look at his appointment schedule. Let’s see, can LeeAnn be here on Tuesday at 2 pm? 203

1181.Serge: No, she’s tied up all Tuesday afternoon, but I could shuffle around some of her commitments to free her up on Tuesday morning, if that helps. 203

1182.Ann: Unfortunately, Tuesday morning is out. I could bump someone on Wednesday afternoon at 3 pm. Can LeeAnn be here at that time? 203

1183.Serge: She has an appointment at 2:30 in this office, but it shouldn’t last more than a half hour. She should be able to make it by 3 o’clock if she’s not running late. Better yet, I may be able tochange something, maybe push back that appointment until she gets back to the office. Why don’t you pencil her in for now? 203

1184.Ann: Okay, I’ll do that, but can you confirm with me by Monday? 203

1185.Serge: Sure, I’ll give you a heads up no later than noon on Monday if I can’t push back her other appointment. 203

1186.Ann: Okay, sounds good. Tell me, do you ever feel like we’re spinning our wheels, spending our days making, changing, and canceling appointments? 203

1187.Serge: Yeah, every single day! 203

1189.Ex. 7. Role-play the dialogue. 203

1190.Rachel: Hello, my name is Rachel Jones and I'd like to make an appointment to speak to Mr. Smith. 203

1191.Secretary: Can I ask you what is the purpose of the appointment? 203

1192.Rachel: Of course. I met him at a luncheon last week and he asked me to call him to make an appointment to talk about a job. 203

1193.Secretary: Okay. Mr. Smith has an appointment available on Monday June 10th at 4 pm or Thursday June 13th at 2 pm. Which one would be better for you? 203

1194.Rachel: Monday at 4pm would be perfect. 204

1195.Secretary: Excellent. I've got you down for that day and time. Can I have your phone number just in case something comes up and he needs to reschedule? 204

1196.Rachel: Yes, certainly. It is 085-897-9393. 204

1197.Secretary: (repeats the phone number to make sure it's correct) 085-897-9393. 204

1198.Rachel: That's it. Thank you so much. I'll see you on Monday June 10th at 4 pm. 204

1199.Secretary: Have a nice day! 204

1201.Ex.8. Complete the dialogue with the words and word combinations from the box. 204

1202.A) 204

1215.call me, can I help you, cannot leave, could you come, how about a little later, 205

1216.I’d like to make an appointment, is that OK with you, may not be able to arrive, 205

1217.will be seen, work 205

1219.A: Good morning. Dr. Brown's office. __________? 205

1220.A: Good morning. I __________with Dr. Brown. 205

1221.B: Ok. Just a minute. __________on Monday at 1:00 pm? 205

1222.A: No. Monday is a busy day for me. I __________until 9:00 pm. I __________the office early. 205

1223.B: What about Wednesday at 6:00 pm? __________? 205

1224.A: __________? You know how heavy the traffic is at 6. I __________on time. 205

1225.B: OK. You __________by Dr. Brown on Wednesday at 7. OK? If you can't come for any reason, please __________and I will try to set another time. 205

1226.B: OK. Thanks. 205

2Your partner will then suggest a different time. Accept the second time. 206

1236.Ex.10. Work in pairs. Practice making and changing an appointment.You are going to role-play five situations. Refer to Ex. 5 for useful phrases. 206

1A. You're a chemical engineer who works in the company's R&D labs. You're attending a conference on a new chemical processing technology. A friend from college (who is now a professor doing research in the same area) will be attending the conference. You want to schedule some time to talk to him and get his perspective on recent developments in the field. But he is hard to reach. 206

BAn old friend from college (who is doing research work in the same field as you in the R&D labs of a large corporation) wants to get together and talk. You try to find some time for him in your busy schedule. 206

2A. You sell expensive medical equipment. You have to make an appointment to talk with a doctor who is very influential at a hospital where you're trying to close a sale. You want to get him in the right mood so you invite him to play a round of golf at an expensive country club. 206

1237.B. You're a doctor at an important university hospital. A salesman selling cancer treatment equipment has been hounding you trying to get some time to talk with you. Now he wants to meet over golf which doesn't seem too bad to you. You try to find some time for him in your busy schedule. 206

1238.3. A. You own 20% of a company and feel that your ideas about where the company should be heading aren't being taken into account by the company's management. You schedule a meeting with the CEO to talk about this. 206

1239.B. You are the CEO of a company. A major stockholder in the company has called you up repeatedly trying to get some time to talk to you about his vision of the future for the company. His ideas aren't really compatible with yours but you think it judicious to hear him out. You schedule some time for him over lunch. 206

1240.4. A. Your friend has a job providing tech support to sales reps at a promising software startup. You've heard that there's an opening and you want to talk to your friend about the possibility of you landing the job. You suggest lunch or beer after work. 207

1241.B. One of your best friends has just arrived back from his adventures in Asia. He's trying to find a job again and thinks you can help him to talk to your boss into giving him a job in customer support. You both decide to meet over lunch. 207

1242.5. A. You're an investment banker visiting Jakarta to set up some merger and acquisition deals. A reporter wants to interview you. 207

1243.B. You're a reporter who wants to write an insider story on the corporate reorganizations that are taking place in the wake of the Asian financial crisis. You make an appointment to talk with an investment banker (a friend of a friend) to talk about what's going on. 207

1389.Ex.15. Ask questions using the questioning words in brackets. 216

1.They had been working on this project for 5 years before they finished it. (How long?) 216

2.My Mum had been working for this company for 15 years before she retired. (Who?) 216

3. I had been thinking of moving since September and then I got a promotion. (Since when?) 216

4.My friend had been trying hard to improve the situation but eventually she failed. (What?) 216

5.By seven o'clock last night she had already been typing for ten hours, so I told her to rest for a while. (By what time?) 216

1391.Ex.16.In pairs, ask and answer questions. 216

11.He was happy. He got a position at TNT. (Look for a job as an IT manager.) 218

1410.Ex.19.Correct the mistakes if there are any. 218

1411.1. I was tired. I have been writing the composition the whole evening. 218

1412.2.They were been travelling for a week when they reached the point of destination. 218

1413.3.We were exhausted. We had been sightseeing in the town all day long. 218

1414.4. He passed his English exam easily. He had been studying very hard before. 219

1415.5. Katherine and Josh looked very angry. They had argued since morning.. 219

1416.6. Tracy had been preparing for the presentation until she met a deadline. 219

1417.7. The kitchen smelled of vanilla. Mum was preparing for the big event for 5 hours. 219

1418.8. They trained hard for the whole year. It was their big success. 219

1419.9. Dave was happy. He and Maria had been doing their best until they won the contest. 219

1420.10.I wasn’t surprised Pete had failed his exam. He wasn’t working hard during the semester. 219

1422.Ex.20. TranslateintoEnglish. 219

1423.1. Вона жила в Києві вже два роки , але так і не знала свій район. 219

1424.2. Вона сказала, що вона вчила англійську з дитинства. 219

1425.3. Коли я приїхала у відпустку на море, мої друзі були там уже два тижні. 219

1426.4. У Люсі очі були червоні. Вона плакала весь ранок. 219

1427.5. Джесіка та Джері будували будинок вже рік, коли розпочалась економічна криза. 219

1428.6. Майкл був надто втомлений. Збори тривали з ранку. 219

1429.7. Наша секретарка друкувала папери вже пів години, коли прийшов шеф і сказав, що вже не потрібно. 219

1430.8. Сніг йшов всю ніч. Вранці всі будинки були вкриті снігом. 219

1431.9. Вона промокла наскрізь. Всю дорогу до станції вона йшла без парасольки. 219

1432.10.Анастасія була найкраща репортерка. Вона працювала в нашій газеті з самого початку. 219

1434.Past Continuous or Past Perfect Continuous? 220

1460.Ex.24. Open the brackets and use the proper tense (Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect or Past Perfect Continuous). 222

1901.Look at the picture. What do you think the phrase Live out of a suitcase mean? 257

2147.Ex.3. Put the verbs in brackets into the Future Simple. 270

1.Take this opportunity, and I guarantee you ____________ (not regret) it. 270

2.I don’t think we ____________ (need) to cook anything else for them. 270

3.Do you think we ____________ (win)? 270

4.I’m sure your luggage ____________ (turn up) soon. 270

5.I promise we ____________ (write) to you regularly. 270

6.We certainly ____________ (consider) your suggestion. 270

7.I am afraid Mr Jarvis ____________ (not be) there tomorrow. 270

8.His parents believe he ____________ (become) a great pianist one day. 270

9.Life ____________ (be) better a hundred years from now. 270

10.Did you remember to reserve a table in the restaurant? – Oh no, I forgot. I ____________ (telephone) right now. 270

11.She has cut my hair too short. – Don’t be so upset. It ____________ (grow) again very quickly. 270

12. I expect the article ____________ (appear) in May’s issue of the magazine. 270

13.Is that the phone? – Yes, but don’t get up! I ____________ (answer) it. 270

14.If I finish before you, I ____________ (wait) for you outside. 270

15.You ____________ (understand) a lot when you grow older. 270

2149.Ex.4. Read and write the opposite (positive or negative). Make other changes if necessary. The first sentence has been done for you as an example. 271

1.I’m sure he will drive us to the airport. – I’m afraid he won’t drive us to the airport. 271

2.I hope we will arrive on time. – ____________________________________. 271

3.She says we won’t have a test tomorrow. – ___________________________. 271

4.We’ll stop at the next filling station. – _______________________________. 271

5.He won’t pay the bill. – ___________________________________________. 271

6.People will forget about him in a few years. – _________________________. 271

7.This week we won’t need more money than usual. – ____________________. 271

8.I think Frederick will go to Africa next year. – _________________________. 271

9.I don’t think they will support us. – _________________________________. 271

10.Scientists predict that climate won’t seriously change in the third millennium. – ______________________________________________________________. 271

2151.Ex.5. Put will or won’t in the best place in the sentence. 271

1.I hope there be no problems getting a visa. 271

2.It isn’t a holiday season, and there be many tourists there. 271

3.I’m sure it be difficult to find accommodation at this time of the year. 271

4.Do you think we be able to buy tickets there? 271

5.Ruth be here for your engagement party? 271

6.I’m afraid we get there in time. 271

7.Could you possibly change my flight to the evening? – Wait a minute. I just check the computer. 271

8.I’m sorry, but there be any time for us to have lunch. 271

9.Our ice-creams are melting. I put them in the freezer. 271

10.Tomorrow be a very busy day for me. I don’t think I have time to go shopping with you. 271

11.You hold this box for a moment while I am unpacking it? 271

12. Someone kindly tell me what is going on around here? 272

13.Is there anything good on TV tonight? – I don’t know. I have a look in the newspaper. 272

14.Your fax is absolutely illegible. I can’t read the document. – Sorry about that. I send it again. 272

15.Just tell me what it cost in round numbers. 272

102.Purposes of Taxation 427

133.indirect tax – непрямий податок, тобто податок на товари та послуги, встановлений у вигляді надбавки до ціни або тарифом (акциз – excise tax, податок на додану вартість – value-added tax, мито – customs duty, екологічні податки – environmentally related taxes/charges/fees/duties); 430

60% of taxpayers must hire a professional to get through their own return. 439

Taxes eat up 38.2% of the average family's income; that's more than for food, clothing and shelter combined. 440

718.Test 1 479

724. D 479

732. D 479

738. D 479

741. D 479

744. D 479

756. D 480

760. D 480

763. C 480

765. D 480

769. A 480

773. D 481

776.Test 2 481

797. D 481

814. C D 482

819. D 482

825.Test 3 482

848. D 483

859. D 483

863. D 484

872. D 484

879. D 484

882.Test 4 484

888. D 484

891. D 484

897. D 485

904. A 485

910. D 485

926. D 486

929.Test 5 486

936. C 486

937.Sahara Desert and Australian Desert. 486

938. D 486

941.D 486

945. D 486

949.D 486

953. D 487

957. D 487

970. D 487

989. D 488

998. D 488

1001.Test 6 488

1036.Test 7 489

1047. D 490

1062. D 490

1067. D 490

1070. D 491

1077. D 491

1081. D 491

1085. D 491

1090. D 491

1092.Test 8 491

1103. D 492

1151.Test 9 493

ДІЄСЛОВО 514

THE VERB 514

ГРУПА МИНУЛИХ ЧАСІВ 532

НАКАЗОВИЙ СПОСІБ 549

THE IMPERATIVEMOOD 549

Sit down, everybody! 550

Don’tyousay a word! (неYou don’t say a word!) 550

Let me go there! 551

Let us (let’s) do it together. 551

Let him go there. 551

Lethim not go there. (Порівняйте: Don’t let him go there). 551

Let us notdoit together/ Let’s notdoit together або Don’t let’s do it together. 551

ІМЕННИК 552

THENOUN 552

Деякі іменники мають особливі форми у множині: 557

АРТИКЛЬ 572

CATEGORY 586

Things considered to be unique 586

Planets 586

Continents 586

The four cardinal points and directions 587

Geographical regions 587

Historical references 587

Countries 589

Northern Ireland, 590

Valleys 593

Deserts 593

Неозначено-особовізайменники 628

IndefinitePersonalPronouns 628

Коли ми говоримо не конкретно про когось, а узагальнено, ми використовуємо наступні займенники: 629

You: 629

They: 629

They say it will be very cold this winter (They say – Говорять, …) 629

They також використовується, коли ми не знаємо стать людини, про яку говоримо. 629

Ifanyonecallsforme, askthemtoleave а message, please. 629

One: 629

Appendix 1 644

Словотворення 644

Word formation 644

III Іменники, що позначають людей 645

The Financier, by Theodore Dreiser 678

Chapter III 678

UNIT 3. Types of economic systems 728

GRAMMAR: Past Tenses. The Past Simple (Indefinite) and the Past Continuous Tenses 728

UNIT 4. Demand and supply 728

GRAMMAR: The Past Prefect Tense. The Past Perfect Continuous Tense. Past Tenses Review. 728