Економіка Великобританії

• Great Britain is a highly developed naval and industrial power.

• The main sectors ot British economy are manufacturing services and agriculture.

• Coal mining, metallurgy, textile shipbuilding are oldest industries of Great Britain.

• British agriculture is efficient tor it is based on modern technology and research.

Економіка США

• USA has a developed free enterprise economy.

• The USA is extremely rich in such mineral as coal, oil, natural gas iron ore and non- ferrous metals.

• The structural composition of tht US industry shows a marked predominance of heavy industry.

• Agriiculture is one of the most important sectors ol the US economy.

• American agriculture produces more food products than any others capitalist country.

Що таке економіка

• Economics was defined as the study of mankind in the evervday business life.

• Economists study of human efforts to satisfy what seems like unlimited competing wants through the careful use of relatively scarce resources.

• The economy deals with production distribution exchange and consumption.

• To understand economy it is necessary to know its basic terms needs wants demands.

• Need is basic requirement for survival and want is a means of expressing a need.

• The term goods and services are used to describe many things people desire.

• Consumer goods are intended for final use by individuals ty satisfy their wants and needs.

• Economic products are scarce in an economic sence.

• In economics the term value means something having a worth that can be expressed in dollars and cents.

• The wealth - the sum of those economic products that are tangible scarce, usetul and transferable from one person to another.

Банки

• The banks provide a safe place for people to deposit their money.

• The bancs lend excess funds to individuals and businesses temporarily in case of need.

• Bank’s assets are the properties possessions and claims on others.

• Bank’s liabilities are the debts & obligations to others.

• Tne balance sheet condensed statement showing all assets & liabilities at a given point of time.

• The liquidity adds to the bank’s ability to serve its customers.

• Bank's act as financial institutions that bring savers and borrowers together.

• The bank can use some of excess funds to buy the state or local bonds.

• Once the bank attract more funds it can make more loans and more profits.

ПРОПОЗИЦІЯ

• The supply means the amount of the goods or services, that producers wish to sell in the market at the price, which will be on that time.

• In economics the relationship of supply and price is expressed by the Law of Supply.

• The Law of Supply says that the quantity of an economic product offered for sale varies directly with its price.

Оподаткування

• There are three types of taxes in the US: progressive, regressive and proportional.

• A proportional tax takes the same percentage of all incomes, regardless of size.

• A regressive tax is one that takes a higher percentage of a low income and a lower percentage of a high income.

• A progressive tax takes a larger percentage of a higher income and a smaller percentage of a lower income.

• The sale tax is imposed almost all goods.

• The property tax is a basic source of the income.

• In order to have an effective tax system, government must have criteria or standards.

• There are two principles of the taxation: the benefit-received principle and abillity-to-pay ptinciple.

• The people should pay the taxes proportionally up to amount of services and privileges, which the have received. Sole means, which the people have to pay the taxes as a profit, which they receive.