Инфинитив вопросы для подготовки
.docxTHE INFINITIVE
What is the difference between voice and tense distinction of finite and non-finite forms of the verb?
What categories lack the verbals unlike the finite forms of the verb? In what function cannot we use the verbals in the sentence
Name the characteristic traits of the verbals.
What does it mean «predicative construction»?
What does it mean «double nature of the verbals»?
What non-finite forms in English do you know? Prove that they have ‘a double nature’
Prove that the infinitive has nominal features.
Prove that the infinitive has verbal features.
Name the forms of the Infinitive of transitive and intransitive verbs.
What is the difference between indefinite and continuous forms of the infinitive?
What actions express the Perfect and Perfect Continuous forms of the infinitive?
What is the difference between active and passive infinitive?
Speak on the cases when we can use both the Active and the Passive Infinitives with similar passive meaning. What does the choice depend on?
What verb can be followed both by a bare infinitive and by a to-infinitive?
What modal verbs are not followed by the bare infinitive?
After what expressions do we use the infinitive without the particle to?
How does the voice of the verbs of sense perception influence the infinitive following them?
In what meaning and in what tense is the verb «to know» followed by a bare infinitive?
In what special questions do we use a bare infinitive?
In what meanings are the verbs ‘to have, to make’ followed by a bare Infinitive?
Name the verbs which if used in the Active Voice are followed by a bare infinitive, but if used in the Passive Voice are followed by a to-infinitive.
How do we call the infinitive when the particle to is separated from it by an adverb?
When can we use the particle to without the Infinitive?
What position in the sentence can have the infinitive in the function of the subject?
When do we use the infinitive as a part of a compound verbal predicate?
When can we use the infinitive as an object of the sentence?
Name all adverbial modifiers in which the infinitive can function in the sentence.
What can the Infinitive modify as an attribute?
What does Objective Infinitive Construction consist of?
Name all groups of verbs after which the Objective Infinitive Construction can be used.
What form of the infinitive is always used after verbs of sense perception in the Objective Infinitive Construction?
When do we use the Participle I and II after verbs of sense perception in the Objective Infinitive Construction?
When cannot we use the Objective Infinitive Construction with the verbs «to see, to notice»?
When cannot we use the Objective Infinitive Construction with the verbs «to see, to hear»?
What verbs belong to the group of order and permission?
What verbs of feeling and emotion do you know?
Name the verbs of mental activity.
What verbs requiring a prepositional object do you know?
Name the verbs of inducement. Which of them are followed by a bare infinitive?
нет вопроса
What does the Subjective Infinitive Construction consist of?
ame 4 groups of verbs which are used in the Subjective Infinitive Construction in the passive voice.
Name the verbs which are used in the Subjective Infinitive Construction in the active voice.
What modal phrases are used in the Subjective Infinitive Construction?
What does the «For-to-Infinitive Construction» consist of?
What functions has the «For-to-Infinitive construction» in the sentence?
When cannot we use the «For-to-Infinitive Construction»?
1. Finite forms express absolute tense (present, past, future), while non-finite forms (verbals) have relative tense distinctions. They do not show absolute time, but only whether the action is simultaneous with or prior to the action of the finite verb.
2. Verbals lack person, number, and mood. They cannot be used as the predicate of the sentence.
3. 1) They have a double nature (nominal and verbal). 2) Their tense distinctions are relative, not absolute. 3) They can form predicative constructions.
4. It is a construction consisting of two elements: a nominal element (noun or pronoun) and a verbal element (participle, gerund, or infinitive), where the verbal stands in a predicate relation to the nominal element.
5. It means they combine verbal characteristics with nominal ones: the participle combines verb features with an adjective, while the gerund and infinitive combine verb features with a noun.
6. The three non-finite forms are the participle, the gerund, and the infinitive. They have a double nature because the participle combines verb and adjective features, while the gerund and infinitive combine verb and noun features.
7. Its nominal character is manifested in its syntactic functions: it can be used as the subject, predicative, or object of a sentence.
8. It can take a direct object (if transitive), can be modified by an adverb, and has tense, aspect, and voice distinctions.
9. Active: Indefinite (to go / to translate), Continuous (to be going / to be translating), Perfect (to have gone / to have translated), Perfect Continuous (to have been going / to have been translating). Passive (only for transitive verbs): Indefinite (to be translated), Perfect (to have been translated).
10. The indefinite infinitive expresses an action simultaneous with or posterior to the finite verb's action. The continuous infinitive denotes an action simultaneous with the finite verb's action, but specifically an action in progress.
11. The perfect infinitive expresses an action prior to the action of the finite verb. The perfect continuous infinitive denotes an action that lasted for a certain time before the action of the finite verb.
12. The active infinitive denotes an action directed from the subject to the object, while the passive infinitive denotes an action directed to the subject.
13. Both can be used with a similar passive meaning (e.g., "letters to write / to be written"). The choice depends on whether we think more about the person who has to do the action (active infinitive) or about the action itself (passive infinitive).
14. The verb "help".
15. "Have to", "be to", and "ought to" (they are followed by a to-infinitive).
16. After the expressions: had better, would rather, would sooner, cannot but, nothing but, cannot choose but.
17. In the active voice, verbs of sense perception are followed by a bare infinitive. In the passive voice, they are followed by a to-infinitive.
18. When it means "see" or "observe", usually in the Present Perfect tense.
19. In special questions beginning with "why" (e.g., "Why not go...?").
20. "To make" and "to have" in the meaning of "to force/compel" (заставлять) in positive statements, and "to have" in the meaning of "not to allow/tolerate" (не позволять, не допускать) in negative sentences.
21. to hear, to see, to make, to let, to know.
22. A split-infinitive.
23. When the meaning of the infinitive is easily understood from the context.
24. It may precede the predicate or follow it (in the latter case, it is introduced by the introductory "it").
25. With modal verbs/expressions, with phasal verbs (denoting beginning, duration, repetition, or end of an action), and in the Subjective Infinitive Construction.
26. After certain verbs (advise, allow, ask, compel, order, persuade, recommend, tell, teach, promise, want), after some adjectives and statives (anxious, glad, happy, etc.), and after verbs like find, consider, believe, think (with introductory "it").
27. Adverbial modifier of purpose, result, attendant circumstances, condition, time, exception, and comparison.
28. Abstract and concrete nouns, the noun-substitute "one", pronouns ending in -body, -thing, -one, ordinal numerals, and adjectives like next, last, much, little, little more, enough.
29. A nominal element (a noun in the common case or a pronoun in the objective case) and an infinitive in predicate relation to it.
30. Verbs of sense perception, mental activity, feeling and emotion, wish and intention, declaring, inducement, order or permission, and some verbs requiring a prepositional object.
31. The active indefinite infinitive without the particle "to" (bare infinitive).
32. Participle I is used if a process is expressed. Participle II is used if the meaning is passive.
33. When the infinitive of the verb "to be" is used (a subordinate clause is used instead).
34. When "to see" is used with the meaning "to realize" or "to hear" with the meaning "to learn".
35. to order, to allow, to suffer, to ask, to let, to tell.
36. to like, to love, to hate, to dislike, cannot bear.
37. to think, to believe, to consider, to expect, to understand, to suppose, to find.
38. to count on, to look for, to listen to, to rely on, to wait for.
39. Verbs of inducement: to force, to have, to make, to get, to cause. Among them, "to make" and "to have" (in the meaning of "to force") are followed by a bare infinitive in positive statements.
41. A nominal element (a noun in the common case or a pronoun in the nominative case) and a verbal element (an infinitive denoting a state or action performed by the nominal element).
42. Verbs of sense perception, mental activity, saying and reporting, and inducement and permission.
43. to seem, to appear, to happen, to chance, to prove, to turn out.
44. to be likely, to be unlikely, to be sure, to be certain.
45. The preposition "for", a nominal element (a noun in the common case or a pronoun in the objective case), and a verbal element (an infinitive in predicate relation to the nominal element).
46. Subject, predicative, complex object, attribute, and adverbial modifier (of purpose or result).
47. The text implies we do not use the "For-to" construction after adjectives describing someone's behavior (e.g., brave, clever, kind, nice); instead, we must use "of + object + to-infinitive".