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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_1728_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
Index 235
afterload 134
ascites 189–190
awake patients, IAP
measurement 53
®
Bard IAP
monitoring device
42–43
bladder, IAP measurement see
trans-vesicular IAP
measurement
blood, intra-abdominal 189
burns 112–116, 214
capillary dynamics 76–79
capillary leak syndrome 76–88,
194–202
critically ill patient 79–86
prevention/interventions
196–201
cardiac compartment syndrome
173–174
cardiac output 131–132, 138, 147
cardiology patients 126
cardiovascular effects of IAH
131–140
central nervous system effects of
IAH 153–157
central venous pressure
measurements 137
chest wall mechanics 141, 143
children 100–105
IAH and ACS 102–104
IAP measurement 54, 100–102
normal IAP values 100
Chinese medicine, traditional
207–208
CiMON IAP monitoring
device 49
Collee method, IAP measurement
44–45
colloids, fluid resuscitation
–198, 200–201
197
compliance
abdominal wall see abdominal
wall compliance
respiratory system 143–144, 145
ventricular 135–136
continuous negative abdominal
pressure (CNAP) devices
205, 207
contractility, myocardial 134
critically ill patients
capillary leak 79–86
IAH 150, 195–196
IAP measurement 55
nutrition 209–210
Da Cheng Qi Decoction
207–208
decompressive laparotomy see
laparotomy, decompressive
definitions 14–23
diuretic therapy 150,
183–184, 202
Dynamic retention sutures 224
elastance, abdominal 9–11
Emerson, Haven 4
endocrine function 162
enteral nutrition 98, 166, 167,
186, 209
escharotomy 116, 214
236 Index
extravascular lung water (EVLW)
83, 84
extremity compartment
syndrome 175–176
fascial approximation techniques
224
feeding see nutrition
filling pressures, cardiac 135–137
filtration gradient (FG) 17
fluid balance 194–202
fluid collections, abdominal see
abdominal fluid collections
fluid compartments, intra-
abdominal 76
fluid overload 84, 87
abdominal compliance and 183
treatment 183–184, 201–202
fluid physics, basics 6–9
fluid resuscitation/management
abdominal perfusion pressure
as endpoint 138
acute kidney injury 150–151
assessing responsiveness
138–140, 199–200
burns 112, 115
capillary leak and 76–88,
197–198, 199
choice of fluids 200–201
intracranial hypertension 156
Foleymanometer
gastric balloon method, IAP
measurement 45–46
gastric tube method, IAP
measurement 44–45
38–39, 56
™
gastro-oesophageal
reflux 120
gastroenterology patients 125
gastrointestinal dysfunction
(GID) 164–165
definition 167
IAH as marker 166–167
gastrointestinal failure (GIF)
164–169
gastrointestinal function
definition 167
effects of IAH 159–161
gastrointestinal intraluminal
contents 185–187
evacuation 186–187
role in IAH 185–186
Glauber’s salt 207–208
global increased permeability
syndrome (GIPS) 83–85
gynaecological patients 126
haematological patients 124
Harahill method, IAP
measurement 39–41
hepatic compartment syndrome
171–172
hepatic effects of IAH 159, 160
hypertension, systemic 119
IAH see intra-abdominal
hypertension
intra-abdominal
IAP see
pressure
IAP-Catheter and IAP-Monitor
(Spiegelberg) 49–50
IAV see intra-abdominal volume
Index 237
ileus 185–186
inferior vena cava pressure 37
inflammation, systemic 79–80,
194–195
intra-abdominal hypertension
(IAH)
definition 20
future prospects 229–233
grades 20
primary see primary intra-
abdominal hypertension
risk factors 62, 72, 89
secondary see secondary
intra-abdominal
hypertension
intra-abdominal pressure (IAP)
3–13
children 100
definition 15–16
effect of PEEP 31–32, 145
end-expiratory (IAPee) 25–26
end-inspiratory (IAPei)/end-
expiratory (IAPee) difference
(ΔIAP) 66–67, 182
fluid physics 6–9
historical background 3–6
normal 19
obesity 118–119
relationship with IAV 5–6,
, 59
9–11
intra-abdominal pressure (IAP)
measurement 25–33,
230–231
bladder route see trans-vesicular
IAP measurement
burns 114
children 54, 100–102
clinical estimation 34
continuous 37–38, 47–50
direct vs indirect 35–36
fluid-filled or air-filled
systems 27
frequency 55
gastric route see trans-gastric
IAP measurement
intermittent 38–46
pancreatitis 95
patient positioning 30–31, 35,
52–53
pitfalls 52–56
reference level 17–19, 28, 54
reference standard 19
reproducibility 35
routes 25–27, 35–37
safety 35
techniques 34–51
–19
units 17
intra-abdominal space occupying
lesions 53
intra-abdominal volume (IAV)
69–75
in clinical practice 71–75
measurement 69–71
relationship with IAP 5–6,
9–11, 59
risk factors for increased 72
intracranial compartment
syndrome 174
intracranial hypertension
153–157
idiopathic see pseudotumour
cerebri
238 Index
intraluminal contents see
gastrointestinal intraluminal
contents
intraorbital compartment
syndrome 174–175
intrathoracic pressure, increased
131, 174
laparoscopy 124, 155
laparotomy, decompressive 214,
232
abdominal fluid collections
192–193
burns 116
pancreatitis 97
temporary abdominal closure
(TAC) 217, 219–224
see also open abdomen;
surgical decompression
limb compartment syndrome
175–176
liver function 159, 160
lung distension 143–144
medical management 231–232
see also treatment
melatonin 208
multiple organ dysfunction
syndrome (MODS) 161,
164–166
nasogastric aspiration 186, 187
negative extra-abdominal
pressure (NEXAP) 205, 207
negative pressure therapy 205,
219–220, 223
neurological patients 126
nutrition 166, 167, 209–210
pancreatitis 98
see also enteral nutrition
118–121
obesity
chronic morbidity and IAP
119–120, 155
IAP measurement 53
normal IAP values 118–119
octreotide 204–205
oedema
abdominal wall and viscera 60,
62–63, 74, 183
capillary leak syndrome 81, 84,
194–195
oliguria 17, 149–150, 172
open abdomen 183, 219–224,
232–233
burns 116
nutrition during 209
trauma 109–110
see also laparotomy,
decompressive
orthopaedic patients 126
pancreatitis 93–99
Pascal’s law 7
PEEP (positive end expiratory
pressure) 31–32, 145
pelvic compartment
syndrome 173
percutaneous drainage (PCD),
abdominal fluid collections
191–192
peritoneal dialysis 123, 151
Index 239
pneumoperitoneum, iatrogenic
124
polycompartment syndromes 84,
176
positioning, patient
IAP measurement 30–31, 35,
52–53
mechanical ventilation
145–146
positive end expiratory pressure
(PEEP) 31–32, 145
pregnancy 122–123
preload 133
PreOx Intra-abdominal Pressure
Adapter 43–44
primary intra-abdominal
hypertension 21
childhood risk factors 104
increased IAV 71–73
trauma 107, 108
prostheses, temporary abdominal
closure 223
pseudotumour cerebri 119, 155,
205
pulmonary effects of IAH
141–146
pulmonary hypertension 146
pulmonary oedema 144–145
pulse pressure variation (PPV)
138–139, 200
reconstructive surgery 126
renal compartment syndrome
172–173
renal function, impaired 84,
147–151, 202
renal replacement therapy (RRT)
150–151, 184, 202
Renasys abdominal closure
system 223
research needs 229–230, 233
respiratory effects of IAH
141–146
respiratory morbidity, obesity
119–120
respiratory patients 125
secondary intra-abdominal
hypertension 21–22
capillary leak and fluid
resuscitation 81–82, 84–85,
194–202
childhood risk factors 104
decreased abdominal
compliance 62–63
increased IAV 74
prevention 196–201
trauma 107, 108
shock, three hits model 82–86
skin closure-only temporary
abdominal closure 222
stomach, IAP measurement see
trans-gastric IAP
measurement
stroke volume variation (SVV)
138–139, 200
subcutaneous linea alba
fasciotomy (SLAF) 97,
109, 214
supine hypotension syndrome 122
surgical decompression 212–217,
232
240 Index
surgical decompression (cont.)
burns 115–116, 214
children 104
intracranial hypertension
154–155
pancreatitis 96–98
trauma 109–110
see also laparotomy,
decompressive
systemic inflammatory response
syndrome 194–195
temporary abdominal closure
(TAC) 217, 219–224
three hit model of shock 82–86
traditional Chinese medicine
207–208
trans-gastric IAP measurement 37
continuous methods 49–50
intermittent methods 44–46
pitfalls 54
trans-vesicular IAP measurement
25–27, 36
continuous 47–49
instillation volume 29–30, 55
intermittent methods 38–44
reference level 28
temperature of instillation fluid
30, 55
trauma 106–110
treatment 231–233
correction of capillary leak and
fluid balance 194–202
evacuation of abdominal fluid
collections 189–193
evacuation of intraluminal
contents 185–187
improving abdominal
compliance 181–184
specific 204–210
surgical see surgical
decompression
Uno-Meter Abdo-Pressure
38–39
urine output, burns 115
vacuum assisted closure 118
venous return 133, 139–140
ventilation, mechanical
145–146
volume status, assessing 199–200
volumetric monitoring 137,
199–200
™