Добавил:
Sekretar
kiopkiopkiop18@yandex.ru
t.me/Prokururor I Вовсе не секретарь, но почту проверяю
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5714_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
X
- •Preface
- •About the Authors
- •Environmental Biotechnology
- •Microbial Biotechnology
- •Advances in Biotechnology
- •Significant Milestones in Biotechnological Research
- •Historical Contributions of some Leading Scientists
- •Contents
- •Introduction
- •Discovery of Cell and Chromosome Theory of Inheritance
- •Major Branches of Biotechnology
- •Agricultural Biotechnology
- •Medical Biotechnology
- •Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- •Genetic Evaluation
- •Historical Perspective
- •QUESTIONS
- •Gene Cloning
- •Gene Therapy
- •Protein Biosynthesis
- •DNA Replication
- •Historical Perspectives of Plant tissue Culture
- •Introduction
- •Immune System
- •How the Immune System Works
- •Organs of Immune System
- •Lymphoid System
- •Cells of the Immune System (Fig. 2.3)
- •Principles
- •Innate Immunity
- •Adaptive Immunity
- •Types of Immunity
- •Natural Immunity
- •Acquired Immunity
- •Immune Tolerance
- •Hypersensitivity
- •Antigen
- •Antibodies
- •Haptens
- •Hapten Inhibition
- •Immunomodulators
- •Applications of Immunomodulators
- •Vaccines
- •Formulation of Vaccines
- •Standardization and Evaluation of Vaccines: WHO Approach
- •From Standards to Vaccines of Assured Quality
- •Standards for Different Stages of Vaccine Development
- •Principles for Biological Standardization
- •Vaccine Storage
- •Vaccine Storage Checklist
- •Vaccine Cold Storage
- •Introduction
- •Bioremediation
- •Ex-Situ Bioremediation
- •In-Situ Bioremediation
- •Natural Bioremediation
- •Engineered In-Situ Bioremediation
- •Management of Environmental Pollution
- •Photosynthesis
- •Biological Classification
- •Sewage Treatment by Bacteria and Algae
- •Eutrophication and Phosphorus Pollution
- •Management of Metal Pollution
- •Immobilized Cells in Management of Pollution
- •Management of Air, Waste Gases and Water Pollution
- •Bioreactors
- •Biocatalysts
- •Batch Experiments
- •Management of Water Pollution
- •Aerobic Biotreatment of Wastewater Pollution
- •Introduction
- •Proteins
- •Structure of Proteins
- •Simple proteins
- •Conjugated proteins
- •Primary Structure of Proteins
- •Secondary Structure of Proteins
- •Tertiary Structure of Proteins
- •Quaternary Structure of Proteins
- •Methods of Studying Proteins
- •Proteomics
- •Clinical Applications of Proteomics
- •Proteomics in Lab Diagnosis
- •Proteomics in the Discovery of Protein Biomarkers
- •Proteomics in Neurology
- •Proteomics in Diagnosis
- •Proteomics in the Study of Tumour Metastasis
- •Proteomics in Neurotrauma
- •Proteomics in Urological Cancer Research
- •Proteomics in the Study and Treatment of Autoimmune System
- •Proteomics in Diabetes Research
- •Proteomics in Cardiovascular Research
- •Proteomics in Investigating Plants
- •Established Cell Lines
- •Lag Phase
- •Log Phase
- •Stationary Phase
- •Primary Cell Lines
- •Interaction of Cells
- •Metabolism of Cultured Cells
- •Genetics of Cultured Cells
- •Applications of Cell Cultures
- •Mechanical
- •Biochemical
- •Animal Tissue Culture: Media Requirements
- •Culture Medium
- •Blood Plasma
- •Blood Serum
- •Preparation of Chicken Serum
- •Preparation of Mammalian Serum
- •Serum-Free Medium
- •Tissue Extracts
- •Complex Natural Medium
- •Supplemented Bovine Amniotic Fluid Medium
- •Serum-Supplemented Yeast Extract Medium
- •Serum-Supplemented Lactalbumin Hydrolysate Medium
- •Other Tissue Culture Media
- •Medium no. 612
- •Medium no. 635
- •Medium no. 858
- •Medium no. 866
- •Substrate Surfaces and Treatments
- •Disposable Plastic as a Substrate
- •Palladium and Metallic Surface as Substrates
- •Treatment of Substrate Surfaces
- •Introduction
- •Advantages and Limitations of Tissue Culture Methods
- •Primary and Established Cell Lines
- •Primary Cell Lines
- •Established Cell Lines
- •Kinetics of Cell Growth
- •Feeder Layers on Substrate
- •Gas Phase for Tissue Culture
- •Processing of Culture
- •Glassware and Apparatus
- •Reagents and Media
- •Preparation of Animal Material
- •Disaggregation of Culture
- •Physical Disruption
- •Enzymatic Digestion
- •Treatment with Chelating agents
- •Isolation of Tissue
- •Enzymatic Disaggregation
- •Mechanical Disaggregation
- •Separation of Cells
- •Somatic Cell Fusion
- •Tissue Culture
- •Primary Techniques
- •Slide or Coverslip Cultures
- •Carrel Flask Cultures
- •Test Tube Culture
- •Organ Culture
- •Culture of Embryonic Organs
- •Whole-Embryo Culture
- •Tissue Cultures in Biomedical Research
- •In Karyological Studies
- •In Identification and Hereditary Metabolic Disorders
- •In Somatic-Cell Genetics
- •In Biomedicine
- •Genetics as Applied to Medicinal Herbs
- •Mutation
- •Radiation Mutations
- •Chemical Mutations
- •Polyploidy
- •Chemodemes (Chemical Races)
- •Hybridization
- •Transgenic Plants
- •Gene Transfer
- •Transgenic Plants as Sources of Vaccines
- •Plant Tissue Cultures as Sources of Biomedicinals
- •Historical Development
- •Types of Cultures
- •Culture Medium
- •Inorganic Salts
- •Vitamins
- •Carbon Source
- •Growth Regulators
- •Organic Supplements
- •Preparation of Medium
- •Surface Sterilization of Explants
- •Establishment of Cultures
- •Callus Cultures
- •Suspension Cultures
- •Growth Measurement
- •Organogenesis
- •Phytopharmaceuticals In Plant Tissue Cultures
- •Immobilized Cell Systems
- •QUESTIONS
- •Introduction
- •Microorganisms
- •Types
- •Microbial Culture
- •Principle of Microbial Growth and Culture System
- •Culture Ingredients and Preparation
- •Types of Cultures
- •Solid or Semisolid Culture
- •Batch Culture
- •Lag Phase
- •Acceleration Phase
- •Log Phase
- •Deceleration Phase
- •Stationary Phase
- •Death Phase
- •Fed-Batch Culture
- •Variable Volume Fed-Batch
- •Advantages of Fed-Batch Reactors
- •Limitations of Fed-Batch Reactors
- •Continuous Culture
- •Homogeneously Mixed Bioreactor
- •Plug Flow Bioreactor
- •Advantage of Continuous Cultures
- •Limitation of Continuous Cultures
- •Choice of Fermenter
- •Quality Control of Microbial Culture Media
- •Raw Materials
- •Sterilization Parameter
- •Physical Parameter
- •Microbiological Parameter
- •Econometric Method
- •Productivity Ratio
- •Detection of Contamination
- •Gel Strength Parameters
- •QUESTIONS
- •Introduction
- •History of Genetics
- •Important Contributions
- •Problems and Limitations of Genetics
- •Evaluation and Molecular Biology of Plants
- •DNA as Segment of Molecular Heredity
- •Structure of DNA
- •Nucleotide
- •Double Helix
- •DNA Replication and Inheritance
- •Genes
- •Chromosomes
- •Gene Expression
- •Transcription
- •Analysis of transcription
- •Translation
- •Genetic Code
- •Mutations
- •Induced Mutation
- •Physical agents
- •Chemical agents
- •Spontaneous Mutation
- •Molecular Biotechnology
- •Techniques of Molecular Biology
- •Expression Cloning
- •Polymerase Chain Reaction
- •Gel Electrophoresis
- •Macromolecule Blotting and Probing
- •QUESTIONS
- •Introduction
- •Outline of Recombinant DNA Technology
- •Principle of Gene Cloning
- •Genomic DNA Libraries
- •Construction
- •Preparation
- •Isolation of Gene Sequence from the Libraries
- •Plasmid as Cloning Vector
- •Role of DNA Ligase
- •Applications of Recombinant Dna Technology
- •Production of Biologicals
- •Insulin
- •Production of Interferons (Fig. 9.3)
- •Growth Hormones
- •Erythropoietin
- •Cytokines
- •Interleukins
- •Tumour Necrosis Factor and Lymphotoxin
- •Vaccines
- •Live vaccines
- •Killed vaccines
- •Production of Human Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
- •Disease Diagnosis by Recombinant Dna Methods
- •Applications in the Pulp and Paper Industry
- •Applications in Antibiotic-Producing Microorganisms
- •QUESTIONS
- •Introduction
- •Transformation: Discovery and Types
- •Natural Transformation
- •Artificial Transformation
- •Types of Reactions Mediated by Microorganisms
- •Oxidative Biotransformations
- •Hydrolysis of Oxiranes, Nitriles and Amides
- •Design for Biotransformation
- •Biotransformation of Steroids
- •Microbial Transformation of Triterpenoids
- •Biotransformation of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids
- •Microbial Transformation of Cholesterol by Mycobacterium Smegmatis
- •Microbial Transformation of Progesterone in Vitro
- •QUESTIONS
- •Introduction
- •Principle for Creation of Hybridoma Cells
- •Immunization
- •Cell Fusion
- •Formation and Selection of Hybrid Cells
- •Screening of Products
- •Cloning and Propagation
- •Characterization and Storage
- •Large-Scale Production of Monoclonal Antibodies
- •Human mAbs
- •Advantages and Limitations of mAbs
- •Advantages
- •Limitations
- •Fusion and Culture of Hybridomas
- •Cloning of Preservation of Hybridomas
- •Applications of Monoclonal Antibodies
- •Diagnostic Applications
- •Investigational and Analytical Applications
- •Identification and Isolation of Lymphocytes Phenotyping
- •Purification of Proteins
- •Miscellaneous Applications
- •Application of Catalytic mAbs
- •mAbs in Drug Targeting
- •QUESTIONS
- •Historical Development of Antibiotics
- •Discovery of Penicillin and Other Antibiotics
- •Antimicrobial Spectrum
- •Standardization of Antibiotics
- •Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)
- •Agar Diffusion Tests
- •MIC Determination by Broth Dilution (Using Sensititre)
- •Screening of Soil for Organisms Producing Antibiotics
- •Isolation of Microorganisms
- •Fermenter or Bioreactor
- •Types of End Products of Fermentation
- •Design of Industrial Fermentation Process
- •Solid-State Fermentation
- •Submerged Fermentation
- •Batch Fermentation
- •Other Fermenters
- •Fermenter Design and Control
- •Isolation of Mutants
- •Factors Influencing Rate of Mutation
- •Isolation of Fermentation Products
- •Production of Penicillin
- •Bioproduction of Streptomycin
- •Bioproduction
- •Tetracycline Production with Sweet Potato Residue by SSF
- •Materials and Methods
- •QUESTIONS
- •Introduction
- •Methods of Gene Transfer in Plants
- •Vector-Mediated Gene Transfer
- •Vector-Free DNA-Mediated (Direct) Gene Transfer
- •Physical Method
- •Chemical Method
- •Vector-Mediated Gene Transfer
- •Using Vector of Agrobacterium
- •Vector-Free DNA-Mediated (Direct) Gene Transfer
- •Physical Methods
- •Electroporation
- •Microinjection
- •Macroinjection
- •Biolistics or Microprojectiles for DNA Transfer
- •Liposome-Mediated Gene Transfer
- •Some Other Techniques Used for Liposomes
- •Chemical Methods
- •PEG-Mediated Transfection
- •Calcium Phosphate-Mediated DNA Transfer
- •Transfer of DNA by Polycation-DMSO
- •DNA Transfer by DEAE-D
- •Use of Polybrene
- •Gene Transfer through Peptide
- •Horizontal Gene Transfer Technology
- •Transformation
- •Mechanism of Transformation
- •Transduction
- •Conjugation
- •Mechanism of Conjugation
- •Specialized Transduction
- •HGT in Prokaryotes
- •Protoplast Fusion
- •Enzymes Used for Breaking of Cell Walls
- •Methods of Protoplast Fusion
- •Protoplast Fusion in Plants
- •Protoplast Fusion in Fungi
- •Protoplast Technology for Streptomyces spp.
- •Protoplast Fusion in Bacteria
- •Gene Cloning
- •Cloning
- •Gene Targeting
- •Stem Cells
- •Development of Hybridoma by Monoclonal Antibodies
- •Hybridoma Technology
- •Hybridomas
- •Hybridization Techniques
- •Southern Blot
- •Northern Blot
- •Western Blot
- •Some Important Medicines Produced by Biotechnology
- •Humulin
- •Activase
- •Humatrope
- •Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant)
- •Gene Transfer in Humans
- •Techniques of Gene Transfer in Human Cells
- •Adenoviruses
- •Applications of Gene Transfer
- •Role of Gene Transfer in Human Diseases
- •Gene Transfer Technology in Other Areas
- •QUESTIONS
- •Introduction
- •Public Health
- •Basic Sciences of Medicine
- •Edible Vaccines
- •Important Steps in the Production of Edible Vaccines
- •Challenges in the Production of Edible Vaccines
- •Nonscientific Challenge
- •Regulatory Issues
- •Clinical Trials
- •Some Edible Vaccines Produced by Plants
- •Advantages and Limitations of Edible Vaccines
- •QUESTIONS
- •Introduction
- •Production of Antibiotics
- •Production of Vaccines
- •New Generation of Vaccines
- •Human Therapeutics from Recombinant DNA Technology
- •Production in Lactic Acid
- •Plant Tissue Culture for Production of Plant Secondary Metabolites
- •Applications of Biotechnology in the Diagnosis of Diseases
- •Applications of Biotechnology in Agriculture
- •Reduced Vulnerability of Crops to Environmental Stresses
- •Reduced Dependence on Fertilizers, Pesticides and Other Agrochemicals
- •Production of Novel Substances in Crop Plants
- •Applications of Ultrasound to Biotechnology
- •Testing of Pharmaceuticals
- •QUESTIONS
- •Introduction
- •Natural Product Drug Discovery
- •Screening of Natural Products
- •Structural Elucidation
- •QUESTIONS
- •Introduction
- •History of Enzymes
- •Enzyme Structure
- •Enzyme Kinetic
- •Importance of Enzyme Kinetics
- •Factors Affecting Enzyme Reaction Velocity
- •Bioproduction of Enzymes
- •Microorganisms
- •Enzyme Properties
- •Enzyme Production
- •Enzyme Immobilization
- •Advantages of Immobilized Enzymes
- •Techniques of Enzyme Immobilization (Fig. 17.4)
- •Physical Immobilization
- •Chemical Immobilization
- •Adsorption
- •Cell Immobilization
- •Immobilization of Plant Cells
- •Method of Immobilization
- •Immobilized Plant Cell Reactors
- •Immobilization of Bacterial Cell
- •Procedural Details
- •Immobilized Cell Preparation
- •Immobilized Cell Reactor Construction and Operation
- •Some Important Enzymes
- •Amylase
- •Hyaluronidases
- •Protease
- •Streptokinase
- •Penicillinase
- •Enzyme Engineering
- •Applications of Enzymes
- •Biosensors
- •Types of Biosensors
- •Applications of Biosensors
- •QUESTIONS
- •Introduction
- •Computational Gene
- •Application in Therapy of Cancer
- •Challenges
- •Nanolithography
- •Optical Lithography
- •Other Nanolithography Techniques
- •Bottom-up Methods
- •Nanomedicine and Nanodevices
- •Medical Uses of Nanomaterials
- •In Drug Delivery
- •Protein and Peptide Delivery
- •Neuroelectronic Interfaces
- •In Cancer
- •In Surgery
- •Medical Applications of Molecular Nanotechnology
- •Nanorobots
- •Cell Repair Machines
- •Nanonephrology
- •Nanosensor
- •Predicted Applications
- •Existing Nanosensors
- •Production Methods
- •Economic Impact
- •Social Impact
- •Nanoparticles
- •Background
- •Properties
- •Synthesis
- •Colloids
- •Morphology
- •Characterization
- •Functionalization
- •Safety
- •Synthetic Biology
- •QUESTIONS
- •Introduction
- •Biopharmaceuticals of Animal Origin
- •Sex Hormones
- •Androgens
- •Oestrogen
- •Progesterones and Progestogens
- •Biopharmaceuticals of Plant Origin
- •Recombinant Proteins
- •Plant-Derived Therapeutics
- •Alternative Plant-Based Expression System
- •Pharmaceutical Substances of Microbial Origin
- •Major Families of Antibiotics
- •Recent Advancs in Biopharmaceuticals
- •Applications of Carrier Erythrocytes in the Delivery of Biopharmaceuticals
- •Important Features of Carrier Erythrocytes
- •Research Advances on Transgenic Plant Vaccines
- •Recent Advances in Analysis of Peptides and Proteins by Mass Spectrometry
- •Advances in Chloroplast Engineering
- •QUESTIONS
- •Appendix
- •Glossary
- •Bibliography
- •Index
Index
335
Whole-organ culture, 70, 278
Wild-type virus, 138, 183, 192, 214, 271
Woodchips, 178, 254
X
Xenobiotics, 60, 144, 203
Xenopus laevis, 130
Xeroderma pigmentosa, 72
Y
Yeast, 57
Z
Zinc sulphide quantum dots, 279
Соседние файлы в папке Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана