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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5670_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана
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Kothan, C.N.; Quantitative Techniques 3
rd
ed.; New Delhi, UBS Publishers’
Distributors Pvt. Ltd.; 2007
Vohra, N.D.; Quantitative Techniques in Management. 3 rd ed.; Tata McGraw-Hill
Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi.; 2007
Moore, D.S. and McCabe, G.P.; Introduction to the Practice of Statistics, 2nd edition,
W.H. Freeman and Company, New York.; 1993
Lehmann, E.L. and Romano, J.S.; Testing Statistical Hypothesis, 3rd edition, Springer,
New York.; 2005
Skipper, J. K. JR., Guenther, A. L. and Nass, G. 1967, The sacredness of .05: a note on
concerning the use of statistical levels of significance in social science, The American
Sociologist, 2, 16-18.
Kline, R. B. (2004). Beyond Significance Testing. Reforming Data Analysis Methods
in Behavioral Research. Washington, DC: APA
Munro, HB.; Statistical Methods for Health Care Research. Fifth Edition; Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, Baltimore, 2005.
FennBuderer, NM.; Basic Statistical Concepts for Evaluating Pharmaceutical
Compounding Literature: 4. Student’s t-test and OneWay Analysis of Variance.; Int. J
Pharm Compd.; 1998, 2(1):42-43.
Donald L. Harnett and James, L. Murphy, Introductory Statistical Analysis
Exercises
Multiple Choice Questions Carrying 01 Mark
Diffusion is a process related to…….
Transfer process is of gaseous substance only
Transfer process is of solid substance only
Transfer process is of liquid substance only
All the above
The driving force in diffusion process is………………
Atmospheric pressure
Concentration
Particle size
Particle shape
The rate of diffusion of a solute is expressed by Fick’s law as…….
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The Stokes-Einstein equation for diffusion is……………
The calculations made by Stokes are based on the following assumptions
The solvent molecule is larger than the solute molecule.
Non-attainment of steady-state condition
The solvent is isotropic and incompressible.
None of the above
Which of the following statement is correct?
Fick’s first law is not applicable and valid only when free diffusion of solute
molecules takes place.
The possibility of binding may not be there.
Fick’s first law is applicable and valid only when free diffusion of solute
molecules takes place.
The binding of solute may be the reason for larger diffusion coefficients of water
and other polar molecules for the skin.
Dissolution of a solid in liquid depends on…………….
Temperature of the solvent
Air-pressure under which dissolution is carried
Concentration of solid in liquid
None of the above
To plan for a pharmacokinetic experiment which of the following conditions should be
well defined?
The size of the dose
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Method of production
The route of drug administration
None of the above
Which of the following is the pharmacokinetic parameter of the drug?
Sex of the patient
Age of the patient
Biological half-life
Strength of the drug
Which of the following statements is correct?
All cations can distribute rapidly throughout the extracellular fluid,
All anions can distribute rapidly throughout the extracellular fluid,
Chloride and bromide ions cannot rapidly distribute throughout the extracellular
fluid,
Chloride and bromide ions can rapidly distribute throughout the extracellular fluid,
The extraction ratio (ER) of an organ can be defined as ……….
The ratio of the rate of elimination to the rate of entry.
The ratio of the rate of the rate of entry to the rate of elimination.
The ratio of the rate of the rate of distribution to the rate of elimination
The ratio of the rate of the rate of protein binding to the rate of elimination
The most appropriate methods of studying the plasma protein binding of drugs is
Filtration
Ultra filtration
Normal centrifugation
All the above
Planimeter is used to determine……………
The angle of rotation by plane of polarized light
The concentration of a drug
The amount of drug present in the body at a time after administration
The area of construction of a building
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The equation, In represents the……………….
Pseudo-first order
Pseudo-zero order
Zero- order kinetics
First- order kinetics
Which of the following statements is correct?
The similarity factor f 1 and f 2 equations do not consider the variation or
correlation structure in the data.
The similarity factor f 1 and f 2 equations consider the variation or correlation
structure in the data.
The values of f 1 and f 2 are not sensitive to the number of dissolution time point
used.
The basis of the criteria for deciding the difference or similarity between
dissolution profiles is very clear.
Heckel plots depend on which of the following factors?
The overall time required for complete the production of tablet batch
The degree of lubrication
Force-compressibility relationship
Composition of a tablet
The exact middle value of a set of values is called…….
Median
Mean
Mode
Geometric mean
In a cricket tournament the run scores are 3,5, 2,7,9,4 and 0. The variance, S 2 would
be
5
6
6.8
7
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The chi-square test is used for…………………
Measuring the mean
Testing the goodness of fit
Analysis of data
All the above
Which of the following statements is not correct?
The residuals are normally distributed.
All cells have an adequate sample size.
The cell size ratio is not more than 1.4
The group must be dependent; that is, each participant must be in one group only.
Short Questions Carrying 3-5 Marks
Explain the Fick’s law of diffusion.
How the diffusion process depends on the size of the molecule?
Explain how the temperature can affect the dissolution of drug molecules in water.
What is meant by volume of distribution of a drug after administration?
Write down the hypotheses on which the Higuchi model is based. What are conditions
under which the dissolution of the drug from a planar heterogeneous matrix can take
place?
What is Tortuisity? Write down the simple relationship derived by KorsemeyerPeppas.
What do you understand by the term statistical significance?
Summarize the confusions regarding statistical significance. Explain the term linearity.
What do you understand by the term, variance?
What are the various steps involved in two-way ANOVA?
Long Questions Carrying 7-9 Marks
Explain in brief the parameters of diffusion process.
Discuss in short, the factors influencing the dissolution of solid in liquid.
Discuss the effect of additional substance on the dissolution of a drug substance.
Explain the importance of pharmacokinetics in pharmacy?
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How can you calculate the % difference between two curves at each time point and for
measurement of the relative error between two curves? Explain the difference factor.
Explain the terms mean, median and mode with relevant examples.
Define the terms variance and standard deviation. Are they same? Explain briefly the
term variance.
What is Chi-square test? What are its uses? Write down the important characteristics
of χ 2 test.
Explain one- and two-sample t-test.
What are ANOVA and ANCOVA? Write down the assumptions for ANOVA.
Answer
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d b a b c c a b c d a b c d a b a c b d
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