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Respiratory Medicine
on the Move
is book provides a convenient distillation of the specialty in note form, ideal
for the busy medical student and junior doctor. No matter what your learning
style, whether you are studying the subject for the first time or revisiting it
during exam preparation, Respiratory Medicine on the Move is structured to
deliver the right information whenever and wherever you need it.
Dip into the book as needed for information to suit different clinical and
learning situations and you really will learn medicine on the move!

Medicine on the Move
Editor-in-chief: Rory Mackinnon
Series editors: Sally Keat, omas Locke,
Andrew Walker and Harriet Walker
Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Women’s Health on the Move
Amie Clifford, Claire Kelly, Chris Yau and Sally Hallam, 2012
Orthopaedics and Rheumatology on the Move
Terence McLoughlin, Ian Baxter and Nicole Abdul, 2013
Surgery on the Move
Jenna Morgan, Harriet Walker and Andrew Viggars, 2014
Neurology and Clinical Neuroanatomy on the Move
Matthew Tate, Johnathan Cooper-Knock, Zoe Hunter and Elizabeth Wood, 2014
Gastroenterology on the Move
Arash Assadsangabi, Lucy Carroll and Andrew Irvine, 2015
Emergency and Acute Medicine on the Move
Naomi Meardon, Shireen Siddiqui, Elena Del Vescovo, Lucy C Peart and Sherif
Hemaya, 2015
Cardiology and the Cardiovascular System on the Move
David Dunleavy, Swati Gupta and Alexandra Marsh, 2015
Clinical Pharmacology and Practical Prescribing on the Move
James Turnbull and Matthew Tate, 2016
Respiratory Medicine on the Move
Isabelle van Heeswijk and Michael Naughton, 2024
More details can be found at https://www.routledge.com/Medicine-on-theMove/book-series/CRCMEDIONMOV - Routledge & CRC Press

Respiratory Medicine
on the Move
Authors: Isabelle van Heeswijk
and Michael Naughton
Editorial Advisor: Paul Beckett

Designed cover image: Shutterstock
https://t.me/med1917
First edition published 2025
by CRC Press
2385 NW Executive Center Drive, Suite 320, Boca Raton FL 33431
and by CRC Press
4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
© 2025 Isabelle van Heeswijk and Michael Naughton
is book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. While all
reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, neither the author[s]
nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may
be made. e publishers wish to make clear that any views or opinions expressed in this book by
individual editors, authors or contributors are personal to them and do not necessarily reflect the
views/opinions of the publishers. e information or guidance contained in this book is intended
for use by medical, scientific or health-care professionals and is provided strictly as a supplement to
the medical or other professional’s own judgement, their knowledge of the patient’s medical history,
relevant manufacturer’s instructions and the appropriate best practice guidelines. Because of the rapid
advances in medical science, any information or advice on dosages, procedures or diagnoses should be
independently verified. e reader is strongly urged to consult the relevant national drug formulary
and the drug companies’ and device or material manufacturers’ printed instructions, and their websites,
before administering or utilizing any of the drugs, devices or materials mentioned in this book.
is book does not indicate whether a particular treatment is appropriate or suitable for a particular
individual. Ultimately it is the sole responsibility of the medical professional to make his or her own
professional judgements, so as to advise and treat patients appropriately. e authors and publishers
have also attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and
apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any
copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any
future reprint.
Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced,
transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or
hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information
storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, access www.copyright.com
or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers,
MA 01923, 978–750–8400. For works that are not available on CCC please contact
mpkbookspermissions@tandf.co.uk
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks and are used
only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
ISBN: 978-1-032-77937-9 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-498-72770-9 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-11393-7 (ebk)
DOI: 10.1201/9781315113937
Typeset in Adobe Garamond Pro
by Apex CoVantage, LLC

Contents
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List of Abbreviations ix
An Explanation of the Text xiii
PART I RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 1
1 Clinical Assessment 3
1.1 History 3
1.2 Examination 7
1.3 Investigations in Respiratory Medicine 11
2 Respiratory Infection 20
2.1 Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTIs) 20
2.2 Influenza 21
2.3 Acute Bronchitis 25
2.4 Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) 27
2.5 Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP) 33
2.6 Empyema (Pyothorax) 36
2.7 COVID-19 40
3 Asthma 47
3.1 Acute Exacerbations of Asthma 57
4 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 60
4.1 Acute Exacerbations of COPD 70
5 Lung Malignancy 73
5.1 Primary Lung Malignancy 73
5.2 Mesothelioma 93
5.3 Secondary Spread of Systemic Malignancy to Lung
and Pleura 96
5.4 Mediastinal Masses 97
6 Pleural Disease 99
6.1 Pneumothorax 99
6.2 Pleural Effusion 108
7 Pulmonary Embolism 120
7.1 Clinical Management of PE 122
8 Tuberculosis 130
8.1 Pulmonary Tuberculosis 130
8.2 Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis 136
8.3 Tuberculosis Treatment 140
8.4 Tuberculosis Worldwide 144

Contentsvi
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9 Bronchiectasis and Cystic Fibrosis 147
9.1 Development of Bronchiectasis 147
9.2 Clinical Management 150
9.3 Cystic Fibrosis 154
10 Sarcoidosis 163
11 Interstitial Lung Disease and Vasculitis 170
11.1 Classification of Interstitial Lung Diseases 170
11.2 Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) 171
11.3 Other Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias 176
11.4 Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (HSP) 179
11.5 ILD Associated with Non-Pulmonary Conditions 182
11.6 Vasculitis and the Lung 183
11.7 Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA) 184
11.8 Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) 185
11.9 Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA) 186
11.10 Goodpasture’s Syndrome 186
11.11 Connective Tissue Disease and Lung Vasculitis 187
11.12 Presentation, Investigation and Management of Vasculitis 187
12 Pulmonary Hypertension 191
12.1 Pulmonary Hypertension 191
12.2 Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (IPAH) 193
12.3 Pulmonary Hypertension due to Other Causes 199
13 Fungal Diseases of the Lung 201
13.1 Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA) 201
13.2 Aspergilloma 206
13.3 Chronic Cavitary Pulmonary Aspergillosis (CCPA) 207
13.4 Subacute Invasive Aspergillosis (SAIA) 208
13.5 Invasive Aspergillosis 209
13.6 Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP/PJP) 213
14 Sleep Disordered Breathing 218
14.1 Obstructive Sleep Apnoea/Hypopnoea Syndrome (OSAHS) 218
14.2 Central Sleep Apnoea 222
14.3 Sleep-Related Hypoventilation 223
14.4 Other Causes of Poor Sleep/Daytime Somnolence 223
15 Occupational Lung Disease 224
15.1 Work-Related Asthma 224
15.2 Asbestosis 228
15.3 Asbestos-Related Pleural Diseases 231
15.4 Coal Workers Pneumoconiosis 232
15.5 Silicosis 234

Contents vii
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16 Respiratory Emergencies 237
16.1 Respiratory Failure 237
16.2 Acute Asthma 239
16.3 COPD Exacerbation 240
16.4 Anaphylaxis 242
16.5 Tension Pneumothorax 244
16.6 Massive Pulmonary Embolus (PE) 245
16.7 Massive Haemoptysis 248
16.8 Superior Vena Cava Obstruction (SVCO) 249
17 Smoking and the Lung 252
PART II QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 259
18 Questions and Answers 261
Questions 261
Answers 286
Index 307

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Abbreviations
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6MWT: 6-minute walk test
•
ABG: Arterial blood gas
•
ABPA: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
•
ACE: Angiotensin converting enzyme
•
ADH: Anti-diuretic hormone
•
AFB: Acid-fast bacillus
•
AFP: Alpha fetoprotein
•
AHI: Apnoea-hypopnoea index
•
AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
•
AIP: Acute interstitial pneumonia
•
AIS: Adenocarcinoma in situ
•
ANA: Antinuclear antibody
•
ANCA: Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody
•
ANP: Atrial natriuretic peptide
•
AP: Anteroposterior
•
APTT: Activated partial thromboplastin time
•
APUD: Amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation
•
ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome
•
AV: Arterio-venous
•
BAC: Bronchoalveolar carcinoma
•
BAL: Bronchoalveolar lavage
•
BCG: Bacillus Calmette-Guérin
•
BD: Twice daily
•
BDP: Beclometasone diproprionate
•
BiPAP: Bilevel positive airway pressure
•
BMI: Body mass index
•
BNP: Brain natriuretic peptide
•
BODE: BMI, obstruction, dyspnoea, exercise capacity
•
BP: Blood pressure
•
BTS: British oracic Society
•
cANCA: Cytoplasmic anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody
•
CAP: Community-acquired pneumonia
•
CF: Cystic fibrosis
•
CFRD: Cystic fibrosis–related diabetes
•
CFTR: Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
•
CMV: Cytomegalovirus
•
CNS: Central nervous system
•
COP: Cryptogenic organising pneumonia
•
COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
•
CPAP: Continuous positive airway pressure
•
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