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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5830_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
Index
181
N
NCRP (National Council for Radiation
Protection and Measurements) safety
recommendations, 25
Neuromuscular control see motor control;
Motor learning, use of RTUS in
O
Operating frequency, 16, 175*
choice of, 4
Output power control, 16
P
Palpation
during preferential activation of dMF (of
lumbar multifi dus), 74, 76
during preferential activation of pelvic fl oor
muscle, 90–91
during preferential activation of transversus
abdominis, 58, 63
Paravaginal defect ( PVD), 80, 81
Patient education, 124–125
Patient position
for cross-sectional area/circumference
(CSA) measurement of lumbar
multifi dus, 112
for depth measurement of lateral abdominal
wall muscles, 102
for depth measurement of lumbar
multifi dus, 109
and environment for activating and
coordinating TrA, 133–134, 137
and environment for reducing hypertonicity
of lateral abdominal wal l muscles, 129,
130, 132
for image generation of lateral abdominal
wall musculature, 29
for image generation of midline abdominal
fascia, 31
for measurement of bladder wall motion,
116
orientation of ultrasound unit according to,
42, 43
for sagittal imaging of bladder/pelvic fl oor,
37–38
for sagittal imaging of lumbar multifi dus, 33
for transverse imaging of bladder/pelvic
fl oor, 39–41
for transverse imaging of lumbar multifi dus,
34
for width measurement of mid line
abdominal fascia, 106
Pelvic fl oor
bladder/pelvic fl oor imaging see Bladder/
pelvic fl oor imaging
defi nition of an isolated pelvic fl oor muscle
contraction, 88–91
impact of PFM contraction on bladder,
115 –116 , 118
MRI measurements of movement, 116
PFM indirect approach to activate and
coordinate TrA, 136–137
preferential activation of pelvic fl oor
muscles, 87–93
Pelvic organ prolapse, 81, 93
Pelvis, compression to inferior aspect of, 81
Penetration of ultrasound waves, 2–3, 4, 175*
Peripheral joint angles, 99
Physiotherapy
clinical standards for application of USI, 26
scope of practice and use of USI, 21–22,
83, 161–162
Piezoelectric effect, 2, 175*
Pixels, 2
Post ur al cont rol, 121
see also motor learning, use of RTUS in
Preferential activation of dMF, 72–77
Preferential activation of PFM, 87–93
Preferential activation of TrA, 55– 63, 153–154
Pregnancy, 25
Premature rela xation, 54, 55, 72
Probe placement
for depth measurement of lateral abdominal
wall muscles, 102–103
for depth measurement of lumbar
multifi dus, 109
for image generation of lateral abdominal
wall musculature, 29, 30, 52
for image generation of midline abdominal
fascia, 31,
nward pr
i
for measurement of bladder wall motion,
117
to monitor bladder position during leg
raise, 84, 85
to monitor lumbar multifi dus during spinal
loading, 70, 71
practicalities, 42–44
for sagittal imaging of bladder/pelvic fl oor,
38–39
for sagittal imaging of lumbar multifi dus,
33, 34
standardizing, 99–101
for transverse imaging of bladder/pelvic
fl oor, 40–41
for transverse imaging of lumbar multifi dus,
35–36
32, 33
obe pressure, 31, 33, 40–41, 55, 99
182
Index
Probe placement (cont’d)
for width measurement of lumbar
multifi dus, 112
for width measurement of mid line
abdominal fascia, 107
Probes (transducer assembly), 1–2, 11, 14–16,
176*
Professional accreditation, 22, 25, 26, 156–161
PVD (paravaginal defect), 80, 81
R
RA (rectus abdominis), 32, 33, 38, 39, 41
gain manipulation of image, 100
response to load, 64–66
resting state, 64
Rath, A M et al, 66
Real-time ultrasound imaging see RTUS
(real-time ultrasound imaging) treatment
applications
Referral practice, 83
Refl ection, 3 –10, 175*
see also echoes
Relaxation
ful l rela xation following limb movement,
112 , 115
hypertonicity reduction using RTUS,
127–133
patient education and, 124–125
premature, 54, 55, 72
Respiration
decreasing expiratory effort using RTUS,
129–131
resting, 50, 51
standardizing point of cycle for
measurements, 107
Respiratory dysfunction, 50
Resting respiration, 50, 51
Resting state
of bladder, 79–83
of lateral abdominal wal l muscles, 48, 49,
54(a)
of lumbar multifi dus, 68–69, 75(a)
of midline abdominal fascia, 64
Reverse piezoelectr ic effect, 1
Rib cage, 6(b), 60 (b), 62
decreased excursion of lower ipsilateral rib
cage with inspiration, 79
poor lateral costal expansion with
respiration, 95
RTUS (real-time ultrasound imaging)
treatment applications, 123–140, 175*
associative, 125–127
cognitive, 124–127
in facilitating muscle activity, 133–140
in reducing hypertonicity, 127–133
S
Sacroiliac joint pain, 83
Sacroiliac support, 66
Safety see health and safety
Salmoni, A W et al, 126
Sapsford, R R et al, 66
Saunders, S W, 53
SC (subcutaneous tissue), 30, 35
Scattering, 3–4, 9, 175*
Scope of practice for USI, 21–22, 83, 161–162
Shadowing see acoustic shadowing
Shiffrin, R M and Schneider, W, 123
Sneezing, 55, 64, 83, 85
Soft tissue, speed of sound through, 3
Sound wave propagation, 1–10
Speed of ultrasound waves, 3
Spinal loading, 52–55, 70–72, 83–87
defi nition of load transfer, 174*
Stokes, M et al, 68, 69, 112
Stress ur inary incontinence, 81, 95, 175*
Strobel, K et al, 69
Subcutaneous fat, 9
Subcutaneous tissue (SC), 30, 35
Supraspinatus muscle, 69
T
Thermal effects of ultrasound ex posure, 16,
23–24
Thompson, J A et al, 116
Thoracolumbar extensors, 70–71, 72, 75
Thoracolumbar fl exion, 62, 70–71, 72
Thoracolumbar pain, 79
Thoracopelvic fl exion, 60
TM mode see M mode
Tonic activity with spinal loading, 52–55,
70–72, 83–87
TrA (t rans ve rsu s abdomin i s), 30, 31, 32
architectural fl uctuations during resting
respiration, 50, 51
co-contraction with dMF, 74
co-contraction with PFM, 90–91
depth measurement, 102–103, 104
functional progression of TrA activation,
137–139
hyperactivity, 60
hypertonicity of, 49
isolated TrA contraction, 56–63
length measurement, 103–106
preferential activation, 55–63, 153–154
tonic activity with spinal loading, 52–55
use of RTUS for activation and
coordination of, 133–140
Training, 25, 26
instructor qualifi cations, 162
Index
183
practice of image generation, 44
see also accreditation
Transducer assembly (probe), 1–2, 11, 14–16,
176*
Transparency traces, 100, 103, 107, 117
Transversus abdominis see TrA
Treat ment set ting
environment, 129, 133–134
therapist approach, 129, 134
Treatment using RTUS see RTUS ( real-time
ultrasound imaging) treatment
applications
Trigger points, 80, 95, 128
U
Ultrasonic haemorrhaging, 24
Ultrasound gel, 5, 31, 33, 39, 41
Ultrasound imaging see USI (Ultrasound
imaging) treatment applications
Ultrasound, real-t ime imag ing treatment
applications see RTUS (real-t ime
ultrasound imaging) treatment
applications
Ultrasound units see imaging units
Ultrasound waves, 1–10, 176*
Urge urinary incontinence, 81, 95, 176*
Urine, 7–8
imaging with full bladder, 37–38
standardizing volume of fl ui d, 116–117
urinary incontinence, 81, 95
USI (Ultrasound imaging) treatment
applications, 120–123
application standards, 26
case presentation for lumbopelvic
dysfunction, 163–171
genera l treatment principles, 121–123
V
Valsa l va, 8 0
W
Wat er
as coupling medium, 5
drinking for sagittal imaging of bladder, 37
WCPT (world confederation for physical
therapy), 21
Whittaker, J L, 50
World Health Organization (WHO), 22