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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_6044_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
X
- •Foreword
- •Preface to Second Edition
- •Preface to First Edition
- •Contents
- •1: Whiplash: An Interdisciplinary Challenge
- •References
- •3: Functional Anatomy
- •References
- •2: Epidemiology of Whiplash-Associated Disorders
- •2.1 Factors Associated with WAD
- •2.2 Prognosis
- •References
- •4: Kinematics and Dynamics of the Vehicle/Seat/Occupant System Regarding Whiplash Injuries
- •4.1 Introduction
- •4.2 Accident Typology at the Origin of the Whiplash
- •4.3 Whiplash Injury Mechanism
- •4.4 Technical and Structural Limits
- •4.5 Phases of the Collision
- •4.5.1 First Phase
- •4.5.2 Second Phase
- •4.5.3 Third Phase
- •4.6 Angled Rear-End Collisions
- •4.7 Out-of-Position Whiplash
- •Conclusions
- •References
- •5: Whiplash Lesions: Orthopedic Considerations
- •5.1 Introduction
- •5.2 Clinical Course
- •5.3 Diagnosis
- •5.4 Treatment
- •5.5 Prognosis
- •References
- •6: Neurology of Whiplash
- •6.1 Introduction
- •6.2 Clinical Presentation
- •6.3 Headaches
- •6.4 Cognitive and Psychological Symptoms
- •6.4.1 Sleep Disturbance
- •6.4.2 Psychiatric Disorders
- •6.5 Dizziness
- •6.6 Visual Symptoms
- •6.7 Paresthesias
- •6.8 Weakness
- •Conclusion
- •References
- •7: Radiological Evaluation
- •7.1 Introduction
- •7.2 Plain Standard X-Rays
- •7.3 CT Scan
- •7.4 Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- •7.5 Echography and Duplex Sonography
- •Conclusions
- •References
- •8: The Vestibulo-vertebral Functional Unit
- •8.1 Introduction
- •8.2 Head Stabilisation Control
- •8.2.1 Vestibular Reflexes
- •8.2.2 Cervical Proprioception
- •8.3.1 Autonomic Cervico-cephalic System
- •8.3.1.1 Sympathetic Supply to the Head and Neck
- •8.3.2 The Cervico-oto-ocular Interaction
- •References
- •9: Pathophysiology of Whiplash-Associated Disorders: Theories and Controversies
- •9.1 Introduction
- •9.2 Pathophysiologic Mechanisms
- •9.2.1 Lesions to Soft Tissues and Peripheral Nerves
- •9.2.2 Central Nervous System Lesions
- •9.2.3 Vestibular Lesions
- •Conclusions
- •References
- •10: The Contribution of Posturology in Whiplash Injuries
- •10.1 Disharmonious Postural Syndrome
- •10.2 The Fundamental Oscillation at 0.2 Hz
- •10.3 Asymmetry of the Activity of the Neck Muscles
- •10.4 Treatment
- •Conclusion
- •References
- •11: Whiplash-Associated Autonomic Effects
- •11.1 Introduction
- •11.2 The Autonomic Nervous System
- •11.3 The Hypothalamus
- •11.4 Hinoki’s Hypothesis
- •11.5 Chronic Pain and Fatigue in Whiplash Patient
- •Conclusion
- •References
- •12: Whiplash-Associated Temporomandibular Disorders (TMDs)
- •12.1 Introduction
- •12.2 Embryology
- •12.3 Anatomy
- •12.4 Biomechanics of Whiplash-Associated TMDs
- •12.5 TMJ and Posture
- •12.6 Diagnosis of Whiplash-Associated TMDs
- •13.4 Recovering from Head and Neck Trauma
- •13.5 Criteria for Returning to Practice (RTP)
- •12.7 Therapy
- •12.8 Prognosis
- •References
- •13: Whiplash and Sport
- •13.1 Introduction
- •13.2 Neck Injuries in Sport Practice
- •Table 13.1 Combined Evaluation of Head and Neck Injuries (Whiteside [ 17 ])
- •13.6 Preventing Future Injury
- •References
- •14: Whiplash Associated Somatic Tinnitus (WAST)
- •14.1 Introduction
- •Table 14.1 Somatic Testing According to Levine et al. [ 5 ]
- •14.3 Identification of Treatable Patients
- •14.4 Treatment
- •Table 14.2 Tinnitus School Gymnasium Training Protocol
- •Table 14.3 Tinnitus School Home Training Protocol
- •14.5 Outcome
- •References
- •15: Anamnesis and Clinical Evaluation of Whiplash-Associated Equilibrium Disturbances (WAED)
- •15.1 Introduction
- •15.2 WAED Anamnesis
- •15.3 Clinical WAED Patient’s Examination
- •15.3.1 Cranial Nerves
- •15.3.2 Posture
- •15.3.3 Eye Movements
- •15.3.4 Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex
- •15.3.5 Otolith Function
- •15.3.6 Stance
- •15.3.7 Gait
- •Conclusions
- •References
- •16: Whiplash Effects on Postural Control
- •16.1 Posturography Without Perturbations
- •16.2 Posturography with Induced Perturbations
- •References
- •17: Static Posturography and Whiplash
- •17.1 Static Posturography
- •17.2 Tetra-ataxiametric Posturography
- •17.3 Quantitative Sway Analysis
- •17.4 Qualitative Sway Analysis
- •17.5 Trunk Sway Measurement
- •References
- •18: Dynamic Posturography
- •18.1 Equitest: Description of the System
- •18.1.1 Sensory Organization Test
- •18.1.2 Motor Control Test
- •18.2 Dynamic Posturography in Whiplash Injuries
- •References
- •19: The Cervico-Cephalic Interaction
- •19.1 Introduction
- •19.2 CranioCorpoGraphy (CCG)
- •19.2.1 H-STAN
- •19.2.2 STEP
- •19.3 Smooth Pursuit Neck Torsion Test (SPNT)
- •References
- •20.1 Introduction
- •20.2 Peripheral Whiplash-Associated Vestibular Involvement
- •20.3 Vestibulo-Oculomotor Reflex (VOR)
- •20.4 Vestibulo-Visual Interaction
- •20.5 Visual Suppression of VOR
- •20.6 COR Recordings
- •20.7 Peripheral Whiplash-Associated Auditory Involvement
- •References
- •21: Vestibular Evoked Potentials in Relapsing Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
- •21.1 Introduction
- •21.2 Materials and Methods
- •21.3 Results
- •21.4 Discussion
- •Conclusions
- •References
- •22: Whiplash Effects on Brain: Voluntary Eye Movements
- •22.1 Introduction
- •22.2 Whiplash-Associated Saccades and Pursuit Disturbances
- •References
- •23: Whiplash Effects on Brain: Optokinetic Nystagmus and Visuo-Vestibular Interaction
- •23.1 Introduction
- •23.2 Methods
- •23.3 Results
- •23.4 Discussion
- •References
- •24: Abducting Interocular Ophthalmoplegia After Whiplash Injuries
- •24.1 Introduction
- •24.2 Material and Methods
- •24.3 Results
- •24.4 Discussion
- •References
- •25: Pharmacological Treatment of Whiplash-Associated Disorders (WAD)
- •25.1 Introduction
- •25.2 Whiplash-Associated Headache and Neck Pain
- •25.3 Whiplash-Associated Equilibrium Disturbances (WAED)
- •25.4 Vertigo
- •25.5 Chronic Unsteadiness and Relapsing Vertigo
- •References
- •26: Physiotherapy of Neck, Back and Pelvis
- •26.1 Introduction
- •26.2 Orthopaedic Collar
- •26.2.1 Physiotherapy
- •26.2.2 High-Frequency Proprioceptive Reprogramming
- •26.3 Neuromuscular Taping
- •26.3.1 Physical Therapy
- •26.3.1.1 Heat
- •26.3.1.2 Cold
- •26.3.2 Mechanical Therapy
- •26.3.3 Electrotherapy
- •26.3.4 Laser Therapy
- •26.3.5 Magnetotherapy
- •26.3.6 Acupuncture
- •26.4 CARET Therapy
- •26.4.1 Treatment Planning
- •26.4.2 Follow-Up
- •26.5 Education or Advice
- •Conclusions
- •References
- •27.1 Introduction
- •27.2 Diagnosis
- •27.3 Treatment
- •27.3.1 Manual Therapy
- •27.3.1.1 Articular Techniques
- •27.3.1.2 Muscular Techniques
- •27.3.1.3 Skin and Subcutaneous Techniques
- •27.3.2 Vertebral Manipulation
- •Conclusion
- •References
- •28: Rehabilitation Strategy According to the Quebec Classification
- •28.1 Introduction
- •28.2 WAD Classification
- •28.4 First-Degree Whiplash
- •28.4.1 Anatomical Pathology
- •28.4.2 History
- •28.4.3 Clinical Examination
- •28.4.4 Range of Movement
- •28.4.5 Palpation
- •28.4.6 Neurologic Examination
- •28.4.7 Diagnosis
- •28.4.8 Treatment
- •28.5 Second Degree
- •28.5.1 Anatomical Pathology
- •28.5.2 History
- •28.5.3 Clinical Examination
- •28.5.4 Range of Movement
- •28.5.5 Palpation
- •28.5.6 Neurologic Examination
- •28.5.7 Imaging
- •28.5.8 Diagnosis
- •28.5.9 Treatment
- •28.6 Third Degree
- •28.6.1 Anatomical Pathology
- •28.6.2 History
- •28.6.3 Clinical Examination
- •28.6.4 Range of Movement
- •28.6.5 Palpation
- •28.6.6 Neurologic Examination
- •28.6.7 Diagnosis
- •28.6.8 Treatment
- •28.7 Fourth Degree
- •28.7.1 Anatomical Pathology
- •28.7.2 History
- •28.7.3 Clinical Examination
- •28.7.4 Diagnosis
- •28.7.5 Treatment
- •28.8 Fifth Degree
- •References
- •29: Whiplash -Associated Equilibrium Disturbances (WAED) Rehabilitation: Vestibular Re-education and Vestibular Rehabilitation
- •29.1 Introduction
- •29.2 Vertigo
- •Table 29.1 Cawthorne-Cooksey Protocol
- •Exercises
- •29.3 Dizziness and Disequilibrium
- •Table 29.2 MCS Physical Exercises
- •II Week: Cybernetics Phase Goals:
- •III Week: Synergetics Phase Goals:
- •Table 29.3 Home Protocol
- •References
- •30: Vestibular Electrical Stimulation
- •30.1 Introduction
- •30.2 The Device
- •30.2.1 TENS
- •30.2.2 VES
- •30.3 Indications
- •References
- •31: The Neurophysiological Basis of Vestibular Electrical Stimulation
- •31.1 Introduction
- •31.2 Material and Methods
- •31.3 Results
- •Conclusions
- •References
- •32: Ski Trainer Oscillating Platform: Proprioceptive Reeducation
- •32.1 Introduction
- •32.1.1 Forward Leg Extensions (Fig. 32.2a)
- •32.1.2 Backward Leg Extensions (Fig. 32.2b)
- •32.1.3 Ankle-Hip Strategies (Fig. 32.3a)
- •32.1.4 Visual Feedback
- •32.1.5 Oscillations (Fig. 32.3b)
- •32.1.6 One Leg
- •32.1.7 Slalom (Fig. 32.6)
- •32.1.8 Ankles Stability
- •References
- •33: Visual Feedback Postural Control Re-education
- •33.1 Introduction
- •33.2 Balance Master
- •33.2.1 Tetrax FB
- •33.2.2 Delos
- •Conclusions
- •References
- •34: Neurorehabilitation of Ataxia
- •34.1 Introduction
- •34.1.1 Treatment Outlines
- •34.1.2 Treatment
- •References
- •35: Rehabilitation in Polytrauma
- •35.2 Case Description
- •36: Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine: Cervical Disorders and Chronic Pain
- •36.1 Introduction
- •36.2 The Tendon-Muscular Meridians (TMM)
- •36.2.1 Bladder
- •36.2.2 Gall Bladder
- •36.2.3 Stomach
- •36.2.4 Spleen/Pancreas
- •36.2.5 Liver
- •36.2.6 Kidneys
- •36.2.7 Small Intestine
- •36.2.8 San Jiao
- •36.2.9 Large Intestine
- •36.2.10 Lung
- •36.2.11 Xin Bao
- •36.2.12 Heart
- •36.3 Whiplash-Associated Chronic Pain Treatment
- •36.4 Clinical Practice
- •36.4.1 TMM
- •36.4.1.1 Needling – Declaration of Qi Bo
- •36.4.2 Luo Vessel of Dumai-DU
- •Conclusions
- •References
- •37: Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine: Equilibrium Disorders
- •37.1 Introduction
- •37.2 Methods
- •Conclusions
- •References
- •38: Management and Treatment of WAD Patients: Conclusive Remarks
- •38.1 Introduction
- •38.2 Management
- •38.2.1 Acute and Subacute Phases
- •Table 38.2 Canadian C-Spine Rule
- •Table 38.3 Neck Disability Index
- •Table 38.4 Core Whiplash Outcome Measure
- •Table 38.5 Dizziness Handicap Inventory
- •38.2.2 Chronic Phase
- •38.3 Treatment
- •38.3.1 Acute
- •38.3.1.1 Unsteadiness
- •38.3.1.2 Pain
- •38.3.2 Subacute
- •38.3.3 Chronic
- •38.3.3.1 Unsteadiness
- •38.3.3.2 Pain
- •References
- •Index

402
Electrooculography (EOG) , 209, 210, 234
Electrovestibulography, (EVG) , 224–231
Equilibrium , 4–6, 79, 111, 123, 147, 153–163,
179, 180, 188, 189, 193, 194, 198, 200,
207, 223, 262–263, 273, 282, 284–288,
305–312, 319, 324, 330, 347, 373–377,
395, 396
Equitest , 6, 168, 169, 180, 187–189, 193, 194
Evoked potentials , 91, 223–231, 390
F
Facet joints , 39, 66, 67, 82, 83, 90, 91, 391
Fasciculus longitudinalis medialis (FLM) , 4
Fine postural system , 95, 96, 99
Forming , 18, 19, 23, 78, 85
Fourier analysis , 180, 181
G
Greater occipital neuralgia , 56, 57
H
Headache , 44, 55–57, 98, 112, 117, 119, 131,
133, 134, 143, 155, 235–237, 242,
259–262, 266, 358, 365, 378, 393, 394,
397
Head stabilization , 197, 200, 201, 206, 207, 309
Head-to-trunk stabilization , 200, 206
Hearing loss , 82, 83, 140, 141, 144, 155,
213, 219, 225, 230, 248, 363, 384,
385, 392, 393
Helkimo index , 123
Helmet headache , 363
H-refl ex , 321–324
Hypocondralgia , 366
I
Incidence , 13, 14, 23, 55, 56, 58, 59, 61, 96,
97, 100, 118, 127, 129, 130, 133, 135,
155, 223, 238, 241
Inner ear , 59, 78, 82–87, 90, 92, 108, 140,
141, 193, 213–220, 223, 225,
230, 263, 291
Interdisciplinary approach , 2
Internal jugular veins (IJVs) , 23, 24, 85–87
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) , 251, 253,
255, 264, 395
L
L10 , 367
Laser , 124, 274, 275, 372, 378, 394
Leads , 2, 3, 5, 6, 13, 22, 23, 30, 41, 51,
57–60, 69, 78, 82, 83, 92, 96,
104, 108, 112, 113, 122, 123,
145, 153, 154, 193, 198, 201,
205, 214, 218, 219, 223, 234,
235, 259, 260, 266, 284, 305,
306, 317, 378, 383, 398
Liberatory manoeuvres , 307
Luo Vessel of Dumai , 371
M
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) , 45, 48,
50, 57, 66, 68–70, 72, 91, 98, 203, 225,
291, 385, 391
Manipulations , 23, 51, 132, 140, 145, 261,
274, 282–287, 301, 394, 396
Manual medicine , 123, 142, 143, 145,
281–288
Meridians , 356–371
Motor vehicle collisions (MVC) , 13, 14, 27,
41, 53, 55, 89, 117, 130, 259, 383
N
Neck
model , 2
pain , 1, 13, 15, 23, 30, 44, 45, 47, 55–57,
66–70, 89, 90, 97, 98, 101, 118, 124,
127, 172, 176, 179, 181, 201, 210, 211,
219, 242, 259–263, 292, 293, 365, 384,
386, 394
sprain , 91, 103, 293
vibration , 316, 318, 324
Nystagmus , 92, 159–162, 214–217, 225, 233,
235, 236, 241–249, 251, 252, 263, 264,
266, 282, 308, 318, 319
O
Ocular disturbances , 59
Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) , 161, 233,
243–248, 252, 253, 319
Oropharynx , 70, 71
Orthopaedic collar , 270–272
Oscillating platform , 327–332, 334
Otoneurology , 157, 163, 213, 347
P
Pain , 1, 13, 23, 30, 43, 55, 65, 82, 89, 97, 107,
117, 127, 139, 155, 172, 193, 200, 219,
235, 242, 259, 269, 281, 291, 317, 352,
355–372, 378, 384
Para-MLF , 253, 255
Index

403
Paresthesias , 1, 3, 44, 48, 55, 56, 59–60, 89,
155, 159, 386
Paroxysmal positional vertigo (PPV) , 58, 178,
217, 223–231, 318, 385
Pectoral energy , 357
Perceived stress questionnaire (PSQ) , 144,
145, 149
Perceptive surfaces , 351, 353
Peripheral neural lesion , 93
Pharmacotherapy , 306, 310, 384
Physical exercise , 140, 144, 145, 269, 270,
274, 310
Polytrauma , 72, 343, 351–353
Poly-traumatic injuries , 72, 343, 351–352
Post-concussional syndrome , 92
Postero-superior , 84
Posture , 6, 24, 51, 65, 72, 78, 79, 87, 92,
96, 98, 100, 121–122, 124, 134, 147,
158–159, 171, 172, 180,
185, 186, 192, 193, 197, 198, 200, 201,
269, 271, 273, 276, 309, 315, 330, 331,
343, 345–347, 373, 374, 377, 393, 396
Posture gait , 162–163, 176, 181, 182, 266,
309, 346–348, 390, 392
Posturography , 124, 134, 135, 142, 167–169,
171–182, 185–195, 278, 374, 377,
390, 392
Prevalence , 6, 57, 58, 118, 175, 178, 194, 236,
319, 344, 345, 373–375
Psychiatric disorders , 55, 56, 58
Q
Quebec task force (QTF) , 13, 15, 55, 89, 128,
236, 259, 286, 288, 292–294, 301, 368,
383, 384
Quebec task force rehabilitation , 395
R
Radiculopathy , 56, 60, 131
Radiography , 91, 103, 386
Rear impact , 30, 32, 33, 37, 39–41, 51, 60, 91
Regular meridian , 357, 360, 365, 371
Regular meridian of GB , 360, 371
Rehabilitation , 7, 53, 102, 124, 133, 173,
270–272, 275, 278, 291–301, 305–313,
317, 319, 334, 340, 344, 345, 347, 348,
351–353, 395, 396
Represent , 14, 17, 18, 22–24, 40, 43, 47,
57, 58, 78, 86, 87, 117, 124, 129,
143–145, 149, 166, 167, 199, 200,
203, 207, 233, 293, 295, 318, 334,
336, 338, 345, 351, 383
Risk factors , 14, 15, 60, 117, 129, 136, 386
S
Saccades , 209, 233–238, 252, 253, 255
Scarpa’s , 360, 361
Secondary meridians , 357
Skitter , 327–330
Sleep disturbances , 44, 56, 58, 92, 397
Smooth pursuit , 59, 157, 159, 208–211,
233–238, 252, 253, 319, 390, 392
Soft tissue lesion , 2, 43
Somatic tinnitus , 139–149
Spinal cord , 21, 22, 56, 57, 60, 80, 91,
108–110, 113, 114, 128, 129, 131, 132,
224, 272, 273, 321, 343, 344, 368, 378,
385, 392
Sport injuries , 130
Stabilometry , 98, 124, 176, 177, 278
Stepping test , 96, 162, 198, 200, 206
Stomatognathic , 117, 120, 124, 142, 143
T
Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) ,
117–125, 143, 396
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) , 1, 82–85,
117–124, 140–143, 159, 393
Tendino-muscular meridian (TMM) , 357–371
Tetra-ataxiometry , 179, 181
Third occipital headache , 56, 57
Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) , 44, 60
Tinnitus , 1, 5, 44, 65, 82, 83, 139–149, 155, 213,
217–220, 242, 248, 385, 392, 393, 397
Tinnitus Cognitive Questionnaire (TCQ) ,
143, 145, 149
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) ,
143–145, 149
TMJ derangement , 56, 57
Trigeminus nerve , 157
Trunk sway , 181–182, 207
V
Venous blood fl ow , 23, 24, 87
Venous drainage , 24, 78, 85–87
Vertebral artery , 5, 17–20, 23, 56, 72, 81,
84–86, 92, 140, 210, 217, 223,
267, 274, 286
Vertebral veins (VVs) , 23, 24, 86
Vertigo , 1, 5, 6, 51, 58, 65, 66, 79, 82, 83, 108,
111, 112, 139, 153–156, 158, 172, 173,
176, 193, 198, 213–215, 223–231,
234–236, 242, 254, 260, 262–267, 274,
277, 292, 296, 298, 305–308, 310, 318,
319, 321, 324, 373, 377, 378, 384, 385,
390, 393
Vertigo dizziness , 154, 155, 158, 260, 296, 298
Index

404
Vestibular electrical stimulation , 315–319,
321–324, 333
Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials
(VEMPs) , 224–231
Vestibular rehabilitation , 305–313, 395, 396
Vestibular system , 4, 5, 77, 79, 154, 169,
171, 172, 189, 198, 205, 214,
215, 241, 262–266, 272, 308,
316, 335, 343, 396
Vestibulo-collic refl ex (VCR) , 79, 80, 224
Vestibulo-ocular refl ex (VOR) , 79, 80, 159,
214–219, 233, 236, 237, 243–249, 252,
253, 318, 319, 373
Vestibulo-spinal refl exes (VSR) , 79, 80, 172,
176, 179, 318, 319, 373, 377
Video-oculography , 234
Visual feedback , 272, 273, 319, 328, 330,
333–340
Visual symptoms , 55, 56, 59, 235
Visuo-vestibular interaction , 241–249
Visuo vestibularocularrefl ex (VVOR) ,
243–248, 252, 253, 255, 319
Voluntary eye movements , 233–238
W
Weakness , 13, 55, 56, 60–61, 260, 293, 297,
335, 384, 385, 395, 396, 1289
Whiplash,
benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
(BPPV) , 58, 224, 307
posture/posturology/posturography ,
6, 24, 31, 51, 59, 65, 77, 92, 95–104,
108, 121, 131, 142,
156, 165–169, 171–182, 185–195, 197,
214, 238, 265, 269, 284,
306, 315, 321, 330, 333–340,
343, 352, 373, 385
Whiplash associated disorders (WAD) , 2,
13–15, 45, 55, 68, 89, 97, 107, 118,
128, 141, 172, 198, 214, 224, 234,
259–267, 269, 281–286, 292, 340, 370,
383–397
Wii , 340
X
X-rays , 45, 66–67, 72, 391
Index
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