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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5827_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
192 Index
Digital Imaging and Communication in
Medicine (DICOM) standard, 132
Digital rectal examination (DRE), 143
Directional coronary atherectomy (DCA), 85
Djavan, B., 21, 57
Donohue, K. D., 150
Donor Nephrectomy, 79
Doppler imaging, 114
Doppler-targeted biopsies, 114
Doppler ultrasonography, 114, 127
Doppler ultrasound imaging, 114
3D TRUS imaging system, components of, 27
Dumane, V. A., 152
Duplex ultrasonography, 95
Dutt, V., 152
Dynamic intraoperative procedure, 28
E
Echo signal, 153
Elastography, 114
method, 137–138
practice, 138–139
studies, 139
Electromagnetic sensor systems, 180
Electronic real-time scanner, with puncture
attachment, 3
Electronic transducer
lateral resolution of, 105
ultrasound beam of, 104
End diastolic velocity (EDV), 95
Endfire probe, 51
Endobronchial ultrasonography, 14
Enemas, 51
Entropy, 155
Erectile dysfunction (ED), following
HIFU, 72
Erection
and hemodynamic events, 97
mechanism of, 95
phases of, 96
External beam radiation therapy
(EBRT), localized prostate cancer
treatment, 25
External elastic membrane (EEM)
angiographic analysis, 83
IVUS image of, 84
leading edges of, 87
Extracapsular extension (ECE)
in clinically localized prostate cancer, 43
criteria for identifying, 59–60
pathological, 42
risk in hypoechoic cancer, 44–45
Ukimura’s nomogram to predict, 45
F
Feature extraction, 143, 146, 148, 150
Feleppa, E. J., 145
Fluoroquinolone, 51
Fuzzy inference systems, 145, 158–161
Fuzzy logic, fundamentals of, 158
G
Gammelgaard, J., 4
Gaussian membership functions, 158
Generalized spectrum parameters, 149
Georgiou, G., 152
Giesen, R. J. B., 145
Gleason score, 114, 116
Goldberg, B. B., 1–3
Gondor, M. J., 18
Gould, R. S., 18
Grating lobes, 107–108
H
Hao, X., 152
Harmonic scalpel
clinical applications of
in adrenal surgery, 79
cutting and coagulation capabilities, 76
in laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, 80
in pediatric urologic surgery, 79
in renal surgery, 78–79
in sacrifice of gonadal vein, 79
cutting and coagulation capabilities, 76
hemostatic mechanism of, 75
safety features of, 76
vs. conventional hemostatic
techniques, 78
as soft tissue incisions, 77
transducer
components, 75
schematic representation, 76
Hemodynamic events, 97
Hemodynamic studies. See Color Doppler
ultrasound hemodynamic studies
Heniford, B. T., 13
HIFU systems
Ablatherm® system (see Ablatherm®
system)
commercially available, 64
Sonablate® system (see Sonablate®
system)
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol
(HDL-C), role in atherosclerosis, 90
High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU),
114, 123, 171
complications, measures to avoid, 72
contraindications for use of, 67, 74
indications for use of, 66
mechanism of action, 64
patients treated with, 73, 74
probe, fixation of, 71
promising advances in, 73
for prostate cancer treatment, 64, 74
Hilar clamping, 11
Hodge, K. K., 5, 114
Holm, H. H., 1–5
Huynen, A. L., 145
Hyperechoic tumors, 145
Hypoechoic cancer lesion, 183
Hypoechoic structures, 109
I
Image-guided intervention (IGI) robots, 186
Image-guided surgery, 179
Image quality, degradation of, 108
Incontinence
following HIFU, 72
following RP, 22
Industrial robot, 185
Innomotion robot, 186
In-stent restenosis, 86
Interstitial hyperthermia, 171
Interventional Real-Time Ultrasound, 5
Intraoperative imaging, for surgical
navigation, 179
Intraoperative position sensor system, 180
Intraoperative ultrasonography, limitations
of, 7
Intravascular microbubble contrast agents, 59
Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), 83
atheroma volume, 89, 91
atherosclerosis evaluation by
diagnostic assessment of lesions, 85
pathological processes, 85
plaques and luminal thrombus, 84
image of external elastic membrane, 84
image of implanted stent, 86
impact of
CETP inhibition, 90
therapies on transplant vasculopathy, 91
in interventional cardiology, 85–87
limitations of, 91
plaque progression, 87–89
Inverse filters, 148
K
Kallel, F., 139
Kohonen maps, 144
König, K., 114
Kratochwil, A., 2, 3
Kretz Combison™ 330, 146
Kristensen, J. K., 3
Krouskop, T. A., 137
L
Laparoscopic adrenalectomy, 13
Laparoscopic adrenal surgery, 79
Laparoscopic-assisted nephrectomy, LUS
used during, 13
Laparoscopic calyceal diverticulectomy,
LUS used during, 12
Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN), 182
Laparoscopic marsupialization, 12–13
Laparoscopic nephrolithotomy, LUS used
during, 12
Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN), 182
demarcation of resection margins
during, 11
problems associated with, 78
Laparoscopic radical cystoprostatectomy
(LRC), 182–183
Index 193
Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy
(LRN), 182
Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy
(LRP), 182
harmonic scalpel for, 80
nerve-sparing, 46–47
surgical hemostatic technique in, 46
TRUS-guided, 42, 45
Laparoscopic renal-stone surgery, LUS used
during, 12
Laparoscopic simulator, 179
Laparoscopic ultrasonography (LUS)
intraoperative, 7
in laparoscopic-assisted nephrectomy and
vena caval resection., 13
during laparoscopic nephrolithotomy, 12
lymphocele marsupialization, 13
for placement of initial puncture, 11
radiologist, urologist, and, 8
during renal procedures
cryotherapy, 9–10
radiofrequency ablation, 10
vs. transcutaneous ultrasonography, 7
transducers for, 8
Laparoscopic varicocelectomy, 79
Leave-one-out crossvalidation, 161
Level of suspicion (LOS), 145
Light puncture robot (LPR), 187
Lindert, K. A., 50
Lorenz, A., 145
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
(LDL-C)
lowering levels of
in placebo-controlled trials, 88
plaque regression, 90
and rate of plaque progression,
relations between, 89
rosuvastatin effects, 89–90
Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), 113
LPN. See Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy
(LPN)
LRP. See Laparoscopic radical
prostatectomy (LRP)
Lucas, B. A., 13
Lue, T. F., 95
LUS-guided cyst marsupialization
procedures, 11–12
Lymphocele
marsupialization
LUS and, 13
into peritoneal cavity, 12
M
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 115, 144
Magnitude normalization, 151
Manufacturer and User Facility Device
Experience Database (MAUDE), 78
Maximum Intensity Projection (MIP), 109
Microvessel density (MVD), 144
Miller, S. D., 12
Miyanaga, N., 139
Multiplanar reconstruction (MPR)
images, 131
Munich database, 72
N
Nakagami distribution, 153
Naughton, C. K., 57
Near-field transducers, 105
Neointimal proliferation, 86
Nerve-sparing LRP
laparoscopy & TRUS findings, 47
recovery of erectile function after, 46
Neural networks, 144
Neurosurgery, application of augmented
reality in, 179
Neurovascular bundle (NVB), 42, 182, 183
blood flow wave-form analysis of arterial
flow within, 44
collateral damage to, 46
injury, prevention of, 80
post-operative TRUS findings of, 47
pulsatile arterial flow within, 47
release, 43
real-time monitoring of right, 44
TRUS guidance of, 45
O
O’Dowd, G. J., 113
Onik, G., 18, 19, 21
Open transperineal cryosurgery procedure, 18
Ophir, J., 114
Optical marker, 180
Optical sensor systems, 180
Optical tracking systems, 180
P
Parameter extraction
backscatter distribution parameters,
151–153
first-order texture parameters, 151
generalized K distribution, 153
generalized Nakagami Distribution, 154
generalized spectrum parameters,
150–151
information model, 148–149
K distribution, 153
morphological parameters, 155
Nakagami distribution, 153
Rayleigh distribution, 153
Rice distribution, 153
second-order texture parameters,
154–155
spectrum parameters, 149–150
system identification parameters: AR
model, 150
PCa. See Prostate cancer (PCa)
Peak systolic velocity (PSV)
highest, 95
in pharmacologic erection, 96–97
Pediatric laparoscopic adrenalectomy,
harmonic scalpel for, 79
Percutaneous access of the kidney (PAKY),
185–188
Percutaneous coronary interventions, IVUS
use in, 85, 87
Perfusion imaging, 113
Periprostatic nerve block, before biopsy, 52
Perirenal fluid, 123
Pesavento, A., 152
Pharmacologic erection, phases of, 96–97
Picture-in-picture (PIP) technology, 8
Piezoelectric material, 103
Plaque, coronary
IVUS image of, 84
progression, impact of medical therapies on
area between leading edges, 87
decrease in plaque area from baseline, 89
increase in plaque area from baseline, 88
Rosuvastatin effects, 89–90
rupture of, 85
Point spread function (PSF), 148
Pollack, H. M., 3
Positron emission tomography (PET), 115
Power Doppler, 114
Prager, R. W., 152
Presti, J. C. Jr., 57
Priapism
classification based on hemodynamic
abnormality, 99–100
evaluation of, 99–100
hemodynamics of, 100
Prostate
anatomy of, 25, 52
imaging of, 113
prostatic volume, 54–56
seminal vesicles, 53, 54
transducer positioning for, 52–53
perfusion imaging of, 113
potential problems within, 25
segmentation of, 29
transrectal scanning of, 104
Prostate brachytherapy
different approaches to, 27
limitation of, 27–28
system, robot-assisted and 3D
TRUS-guided, 27
TRUS-guided prostate planning and
implantation in, 28
Prostate cancer (PCa)
biopsies for, 113
detection of, 116–117
imaging of
color and power Doppler
ultrasonography, 114
cross-sectional imaging, 115
elastography, 114
three-dimensional transrectal
ultrasound (3D-US), 114
ultrasonography, 113–114
194 Index
Prostate cancer (PCa) (Continued)
lesion, 183
localized
HIFU for, 65, 66, 72–73
nonsurgical treatment options for, 65,
72, 73
pathologic studies, 17
standard treatments for, 25
surgical management of, 41–42
men at higher risk of, 50
prevalence of, 25
prostate cryosurgery for the treatment
of, 17
repeat biopsies, 58–59
treatment using image-guided therapy, 113
treatment with HIFU, 64, 70, 74
Prostate cryosurgery
for prostate cancer treatment
in patients at high risk of local
recurrence, 19–20
patient selection, 18–19
for salvage after radiation, 22
using focal cryosurgery, 20–22
using percutaneous approach, 18
watchful waiting, 17
technical considerations in
saline injection into Denonvilliers’
fascia, 22–23
temperature and transrectal US
monitoring, 23
ultrasound-guided percutaneous
transperineal approach for, 17, 18
Prostatectomy, 165
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), 143
measurement in PCa screening, 50
PROVE-IT study, 89
R
Radical prostatectomy (RP), 17
localized prostate cancer treatment, 25
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA), 10, 123,
134, 186, 188
Radiological Society of North America, 134
Radiologist and LUS operation, 8
Rayleigh distribution, 153
Ray tracing model, 109
Real-time elastography, 114, 139
Real-time imaging, 179
Real-time intervention, 2
Real-time medical imaging, 180
Real-time surgical navigation systems, 184
Real-time TRUS monitoring
of apical dissection and tumor
neovascularity, 43
of location of laparoscopic scissors tip, 44
of posterior bladder-neck transection, 44
Real-time virtual sonography (RVS), 131
Rees, M., 50
Reflection coefficient, 107
Regions of interest (ROI), 145
Renal artery stenosis, 124
Renal biopsy
open or blind percutaneous, 2
selective, 3
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), 125
Renal cysts, laparoscopic decortication of,
11–12, 79
Renal perfusion defects, 124
Renal surgery, laparoscopic, 78–79
Renal trauma, 124
Respiration tracking algorithms, 188
Restenosis
neointimal proliferation, 86
rates, drug-eluting stents impact on, 87
Reversal of Atherosclerosis with Aggressive
Lipid Lowering (REVERSAL) trial,
88–89
Rice distribution model, 153
Rifkin, M. D., 114
Robotic-assisted system with 3D TRUS
guidance for prostate brachytherapy
calibration steps
evaluation of, 33–34
image calibration, 28–29
robot calibration, 29
needle segmentation algorithm, 29–31
performance evaluation, 32
calibration steps, 33–34
needle position and orientation
accuracy, 35
needle segmentation algorithm, 36–38
prostate segmentation algorithm, 36
seed segmentation algorithm, 38
prostate segmentation, 29
prototype of, 27
robotic arm assembly, 28
seed segmentation, 31–32
software tools, 29
S
Saitoh, M., 2, 4
Satinsky clamp, 11
Saturation biopsy protocol, 59
Schmitz, G., 145
Schuessler, W. W., 41
Scintigraphy, 115
Secil, M., 99
Second harmonic imaging technique, 108
Sedelaar, J. P. M., 144
Sextant protocol
diagrammatic representation of, 57
limitations of modified, 58
in parasagittal line, 56
Sextant transrectal ultrasound guided
biopsies, 113
Shandera, K. C., 50
Shankar, P. M., 152
SHIM score
preoperative and postoperative, 47
recovery after nerve-sparing LRP, 46
Solid renal masses
detection of, 125
differentiation and characterization of, 126
reflux, 126
Sonablate® system
vs. Ablatherm® system, 74
components of, 65–66
Sonoelastography, 137
Spectral autocorrelation (SAC) function, 150
Stamey, T. A., 5
Surface render mode, 108
Surgeon-driven system, 185
Surgical planning models, patient-specific, 179
System identification parameters, 149
T
Taille, A., 22
Takahashi, H., 113
Three-dimensional transrectal ultrasound
(3D-US), 114
Three-dimensional ultrasonography, 14
Time gain compensation (TGC), 104
Time gain control (TGC) unit, 146
Tissue
characterization, results of, 166–168
harmonic imaging of, 105
harmonic zoography, 108
propagation of sound in
attenuation, 104
speed of sound, 104
ultrasound impedance of, 108
Total atheroma volume (TAV)
expression for, 87
normalized, 88
Transcutaneous ultrasonography vs.
laparoscopic ultrasonography, 7
Transducer, for LUS
curved, convex array of, 9
linear-array, 8
Transparent modes, 109
Transplant vasculopathy, monitoring impact
of therapies on, 91
Transrectal prostate biopsy
antibiotic prophylaxis for, 51
standard approach to patient preparation
for, 51
Transrectal real-time linear scanner, 4
Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), 181
guidance during laparoscopic radical
prostatectomy, 46–47, 114
imaging, 144
improvement of oncological outcomes by
ECE in hypoechoic cancer, 44
LRP and ECE, 42–43
partial preservation of NVBs, 43
intervention by
diagnosis of prostatic cancer, 4–5
using transrectal electronic linear
scanner, 4
intraoperative
Index 195
biopsy-pathology dataset, 44–45
correlations between postoperative
potency and US-identified blood
flow, 46–47
patients undergoing TRUS-guided
LRP, 45–46
monitoring of apical dissection, 42, 43
PCa staging by, 59–60
of prostate, 113
recent developments in transducer-design
for, 110–112
simulation, 68–69
Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided
prostate biopsy
PCa diagnosis by
apical biopsies, 52
complications in, 59
indications and contraindications for,
50–51
patient preparation, 51–52
principle behind, 52
prostate imaging, 52–56
PZ and TZ, sampling of, 58
repeat biopsy, 58
saturation biopsy protocol, 59
sextant protocol, 56–58
with spring-driven needle core biopsy
device, 56
Transurethral resection of the prostate
(TURP), 137, 185
and HIFU, 67
TRUS-guided nerve-sparing LRP, 46–47
U
Ukimura, O., 114
Ultrasonically Guided Puncture, 5
Ultrasonic imaging, restenosis
characterization, 85
Ultrasonic tissue characterization, for
prostate cancer, 171
Ultrasonography
color and power Doppler, 114
contrast-enhanced (see Contrast-
enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS))
and cryoablation, 9
intraoperative, 12
laparoscopic (see Laparoscopic
ultrasonography (LUS))
of prostate, 109–110
specific benefits of three-dimensional,
109–110
transcutaneous (see Transcutaneous
ultrasonography)
Ultrasound
artifacts in, 106
characteristics of, 103
contrast, 123–124
crystals, 103
gel, 104
limitations of, 105–107
propagation of, 107
scanner, 135
three-dimensional, 108–109
Ultrasound-Derived Coronary Atheroma
Burden (ASTEROID) trial, 89–90
Ultrasound frequencies, medical, 7
Ultrasound-guided sextant biopsies, 114
Ultrasound imaging, 153
Ultrasound scanning, principle of,
103–104
Ultrasound transducers, piezoelectric
effect, 103
Ureteropelvic junction (UPJ), 124
Urologic ultrasound
techniques and methods in
3D ultrasound, 108–109
grating lobes, 107–108
prostate harmonic imaging, 107
Urology
clinical use of augmented reality in,
180–184
image-guided percutaneous robots for,
186
ultrasound waves used in, 103
V
Vena caval resection, LUS used
during, 13
Veno-occlusive priapism, 99–100
Videoscopic minimally invasive
surgery, 179
Virtual reality, 179
Volume render mode, 108
W
Walther, M. M., 13
Watanabe, H., 2, 4