Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5402_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана

The properties of cellular RNA are modulated by a diverse array of post­transcriptional modications. The study of these modications, collectively known as the RNA epitranscriptome, dates back to the discovery of pseudouridine in 1951 [1], and work in subsequent decades has led to the characterization of the chemical structure of numerous abundant RNA modications on tRNAs from model organisms (e.g. E. coli and yeast) [2, 3]. However, studies of the biological role of modied nucleotides en masse awaited the genomic era and the discovery of genes for associated RNA-modifying enzymes or “writers.” The biology of some RNA mod­ications is also regulated by proteins known as “readers” and “erasers,” which bind and remove modications, respectively. In recent years, the investigation of RNA modication chemistry and biology has enjoyed a renaissance – in large part driven by technological advances in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and high-throughput RNA sequencing that have alleviated some of the analytical challenges in characterizing modication sites across the transcriptome – but also propelled by the demonstration that RNA modications can be dynamic [4–6] and serve to regulate biological processes in response to endogenous and external cues [7–10]. Further, while signicant gaps exist in our fundamental understanding of RNA modication biology, numerous studies have identied connections between RNA modications, RNA-modifying enzymes, and human disease [11–20], spurring interest from the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries.