Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5637_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана

Granulation is a well-known powder processing technique, used in the pharmaceu­tical industry for the manufacturing of solid dosage forms [1]. This term is used to describe the processing of powders for particle enhancement with the aim to improve a range of properties such as flowability, compressibility, tabletability and homogeneous distribution of active ingredients, etc. [2, 3]. A deep understanding of the technology may aid in the prediction and preparation of good-quality granules along with tablet manufacturing. The transformation of powders to agglomerated particles is usually performed prior to tableting to ensure minimal aggregation and a uniform flow of the powder through the hopper to the die [2]. Typically, granulation is a particle size enlargement process where particles are processed to form larger multi-unit entities with a distribution in between 0.2 and 0.4 mm [4]. Even larger size granules (around 1–4 mm) are also prepared for the capsule manufacturing [5]. Depending on the final particle size, granules are further processed with other excipients andused as an intermediate before compression to form tablets, or for fill­ing of hard gelatin capsules. Furthermore, granulation technology is used to reduce the generation of toxic dust during powder handling [6]. A good-quality granule exhibits a less non-friable behaviour and also produces less amount of fines during processing. Pharmaceutical powders have often uneven particle size distribution leading to segregation during storage which can be minimised and improve content uniformity via granulation. The bulk powders present several practical implications such as higher packaging, storage and transportation which can be tackled through