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Перед историческим рубежом. Политические силуэты

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ɅɌɪɨɰɤɢɣ
ɆɚɰɰɢɧɢȾɠɭɡɟɩɩɟ±±ɢɬɚɥɶɹɧɫɤɢɣɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɟɪȻɵɥɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜɫɨɸɡɚ ©Ɇɨɥɨɞɚɹɂɬɚɥɢɹª ɫɬɚɜɢɜɲɟɝɨɫɟɛɟ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɣɢɬɚɥɶɹɧɫɤɨɣɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢȼɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɢɝɆɚɰɰɢɧɢɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɥ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɱɧɨ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɹɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɉɨɫɥɟɩɚɞɟɧɢɹɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɢɭɱɚɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɜɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ©ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ Ʉɨɦɢɬɟɬɚªɋɦ ɩɪɢɦ  ȼɦɟɫɬɟɫ Ƚɚɪɢɛɚɥɶɞɢ Ɇɚɰɰɢɧɢ ɩɵɬɚɥɫɹɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɵɟɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɢɹɜɆɢɥɚɧɟ±ɜɝɢɜȽɟɧɭɟ±ɜɝ

ɎɚɡɢȾɠɟɦɫ±±ɲɜɟɣɰɚɪɫɤɢɣɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɢɠɭɪɧɚɥɢɫɬ ȼɦɨɥɨɞɨɫɬɢ ɠɢɥ ɜɨ Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɢɝɞɟɛɨɪɨɥɫɹɫɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦɪɟɫɬɚɜɪɚɰɢɢ ȼ ɝɩɪɢɧɹɥɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɜɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢɠɭɪɧɚɥɚ©/D)UDQFHFKUHWLHQQHªɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɝɨɰɟɧɡɭɪɨɣɉɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɹɫɶɧɟɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɵɦɩɪɟɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɡɚɫɜɨɸɨɩ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɭɸɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɎɚɡɢɜɝɜɟɪɧɭɥɫɹɜɀɟɧɟɜɭɝɞɟɫɬɚɥɜɨɝɥɚɜɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹȼɝɟɦɭɭɞɚɥɨɫɶɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɟ ɫɦɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɟɜɫɤɨɣɤɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɢɋɩɨɝɎɚɡɢɛɵɥɱɥɟɧɨɦɲɜɟɣɰɚɪɫɤɨ ɝɨȻɨɥɶɲɨɝɨɋɨɜɟɬɚȼɝɎɚɡɢɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɢɟɦɩɪɨɬɢɜɲɜɟɣɰɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɢɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹɜɨɝɥɚɜɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɨɣɜɥɚɫɬɢȼɵɛɪɚɧ ɧɵɣɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢɧɨɜɨɣɤɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɢɝɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɦɀɟɧɟɜɵɜɲɜɟɣ ɰɚɪɫɤɢɣɫɟɣɦɨɧɨɬɫɬɚɢɜɚɥɜɧɟɦɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟɒɜɟɣɰɚɪɢɢɜɟɞɢɧɨɟɝɨɫɭɞɚɪ ɫ ɬɜɨ ɋɩɨ  ɝɎɚɡɢɛɵɥɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɦɱɥɟɧɨɦ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɨɜɟɬɚɢ
ɩɨɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɱɟɪɟɡɝɨɞɟɝɨɩɪɟɞɫɟɞɚɬɟɥɟɦȼɝɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɚɹɩɚɪɬɢɹɥɢɞɟɪɨɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɛɵɥɎɚɡɢɪɚɫɤɨɥɨɥɚɫɶɧɚɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜɢɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɯɥɢɛɟɪɚɥɨɜɉɨɫɥɟɞ ɧɢɟɜɨɝɥɚɜɟɫɎɚɡɢɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɢɥɢɫɶɫɱɚɫɬɶɸɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɬɨɪɨɜɜɩɚɪɬɢɸ©ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢ ɦɵɯªȼɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɷɬɨɝɨɎɚɡɢɧɚɜɵɛɨɪɚɯɢɝɝɩɨɬɟɪɩɟɥɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɟȼ ɝɩɨɫɥɟɧɟɭɞɚɱɧɨɣɩɨɩɵɬɤɢɧɨɜɨɝɨɩɟɪɟɜɨɪɨɬɚɎɚɡɢɛɟɠɚɥɡɚɝɪɚɧɢɰɭɧɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɣɜɠɟɧɟɜɫɤɢɣȻɨɥɶɲɨɣɋɨɜɟɬɜɫɤɨɪɟɜɟɪɧɭɥɫɹɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ ɋ  ɩɨ ɝɎɚɡɢɛɵɥɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɦɀɟɧɟɜɵɜɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɋɨɜɟɬɟɒɜɟɣɰɚɪɢɢ ȼɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟɝɨɞɵɫɜɨɟɣɠɢɡɧɢɎɚɡɢɛɵɥɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪɨɦɠɟɧɟɜɫɤɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ

Ɇɢɲɥɟɀɸɥɶ  ±  ± ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɢɣ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɤɞɪɭɝ Ⱥ ɂȽɟɪɰɟɧɚ ɑɢɬɚɥɥɟɤɰɢɢɩɨɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɜɜɵɫɲɟɣɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣɲɤɨɥɟɚɫɝ±ɜɋɨɪɛɨɧɧɟ ɁɚɞɟɦɨɤɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟɝɨɥɟɤɰɢɣɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯɞɟɥȽɢɡɨɜɝ
ɥɢɲɢɥɟɝɨɤɚɮɟɞɪɵɜɫɨɪɛɨɧɧɫɤɨɦɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɟȼɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɢɧɚɱɢɧɚɹɫɝ Ɇɢɲɥɟ ɡɚ ɫɜɨɢ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɨɬɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɜɨɢɯɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ Ɇɢɲɥɟ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɥ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɤɧɢɝ ɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹɧɨɬɚɤɠɟɢɩɨɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɢɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɩɪɚɜɚɢɞɪ

ɊɭɝɟȺɪɧɨɥɶɞ±±ɧɟɦɟɰɤɢɣɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶɢɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶȼ ɝɩɪɢɧɹɥɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɜɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɠɭɪɧɚɥɚ©+DOOLVFKH-DKUEXFKHU IXU.XQVWXQG:LVVHQVFKDIWªɀɭɪɧɚɥɛɵɥɫɤɨɪɨɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɊɭɝɟɩɟɪɟɟɯɚɥɜȾ ɪ ɟɡɞɟɧ  ɝɞɟɫɬɚɥɢɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ©'HXWVKH-DKUEXFKHUª ɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɢɥɢɟɝɨɛɟɠɚɬɶɢɨɬɫɸɞɚɢɨɧɩɟɪɟɫɟɥɢɥɫɹɡɚɝɪɚɧɢɰɭȼɨɜɪɟɦɹɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ ɝɊɭɝɟɜɟɪɧɭɥɫɹɧɚɪɨɞɢɧɭɢɨɫɧɨɜɚɥɫɩɟɪɜɚɜɅɟɣɩɰɢɝɟɚɡɚɬɟɦɜȻɟɪɥɢɧɟ ɞɟɦɨɤɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɝɚɡɟɬɭ©'LH5HIRUPªȼɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɣɞɟɩɭɬɚɬɨɦɜɨɮɪɚɧɤɮɭɪɬɫɤɢɣ ɩɚɪɥɚɦɟɧɬɨɧɡɚɧɹɥɦɟɫɬɨɫɪɟɞɢɤɪɚɣɧɢɯɥɟɜɵɯȼɝɊɭɝɟɛɵɥɜɵɫɥɚɧɢɡ Ȼɟɪɥɢɧɚɢɜɬɨɦɠɟɝɨɞɭɩɪɢɧɹɥɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɜɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɯɜɋɚɤɫɨɧɢɢɩɨɫɥɟɱɟɝɨɛɵɥ ɜɵɧɭɠɞɟɧɛɟɠɚɬɶɜɅɨɧɞɨɧȼɅɨɧɞɨɧɟɜɦɟɫɬɟɫɅɟɞɪɸɊɨɥɥɟɧɨɦɆɚɰɰɢɧɢɢ

251
ɉɟɪɟɞɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɪɭɛɟɠɨɦɉɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɢɥɭɷɬɵ
ɞɪɨɫɧɨɜɚɥȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɣɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɣɄɨɦɢɬɟɬɋɦɩɪɢɦɊɭɝɟɛɵɥɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡɜɢɞɧɵɯɱɥɟɧɨɜ,ɂɧɬɟɪɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɚɢɞɪɭɝɨɦɆɚɪɤɫɚɫɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɜɟɥɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɧɵɧɟɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɧɭɸɩɟɪɟɩɢɫɤɭȼɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣɩɟɪɢɨɞɫɜɨɟɣɠɢɡɧɢɊɭɝɟɡɧɚɱɢ ɬɟɥɶɧɨɩɨɩɪɚɜɟɥɢɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɫɬɪɨɩɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɜɨɣɧɨɣɩɨɦɟɳɚɥɜɧɟɦɟɰɤɢɯɝɚɡɟɬɚɯ ɨɞɨɛɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɫɬɚɬɶɢɨɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɟȻɢɫɦɚɪɤɚ

ȽɚɤɫɬɝɚɭɡɟɧȺɜɝɭɫɬ±±ɝɟɪɦɚɧɫɤɢɣɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɫɬȼɝɩɨɥɭɱɢɥ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɜɴɟɡɞ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɸ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɝɨɫɬɪɨɹɈɛɴɟɡɞɢɜɰɟɥɵɣɪɹɞɝɨɪɨɞɨɜɢɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣɊɨɫɫɢɢɢɫɨ ɛɪɚɜɨɝɪɨɦɧɨɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɝɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚȽɚɤɫɬɝɚɭɡɟɧɜɝɜɵ ɩɭɫɬɢɥ©ɗɬɸɞɵɨɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣɠɢɡɧɢɢɜɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɨ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɵɯɩɨɪɹɞɤɚɯɊɨɫɫɢɢªȼɷɬɨɦɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɢȽɚɤɫɬɝɚɭɡɟɧɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɨɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɧɚɜɨɩɪɨɫɟɨɤɪɟɫɬɶɹɧɫɤɨɣɨɛɳɢɧɟɢɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɭɛɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɱɬɨɪɭɫɫɤɚɹɤɪɟɫɬɶɹɧɫɤɚɹɨɛɳɢɧɚɤɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɨɧɨɬɧɨɫɢɥɫɹɨɱɟɧɶɫɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɤ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɥɟɬɚɪɢɚɬɚ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɆɟɠɞɭɩɪɨɱɢɦȽɚɤɫɬɝɚɭɡɟɧɜɵɫɤɚɡɚɥɜɡɝɥɹɞɱɬɨɞɥɹɊɨɫɫɢɢɛɵɥɛɵɧɟɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɟɧ ɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɵɣɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɬɤɪɟɩɨɫɬɧɨɝɨɩɪɚɜɚɤ ɜɨɥɶɧɨɧɚɟɦɧɨɦɭ±ɱɬɨɜɵɡɜɚɥɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɱɧɭɸɨɬɩɨɜɟɞɶɫɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɵȽɟɪɰɟɧɚ

ɂɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹɩɨɛɟɞɚɝɟɪɦɚɧɫɤɨɣɫɞ±ȼɢɸɧɟɝɧɚɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɵɯɜɵɛɨ ɪɚɯɜɪɟɣɯɫɬɚɝɝɟɪɦɚɧɫɤɚɹɫɞɩɚɪɬɢɹɨɞɟɪɠɚɥɚɛɥɟɫɬɹɳɭɸɩɨɛɟɞɭɨɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɯ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɝɨɜɨɪɹɬɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɰɢɮɪɵȼɫɟɝɨɛɵɥɨɩɨɞɚɧɨɝɨɥɨɫɨɜɢɡɧɢɯ ɡɚɫɨɰɢɚɥɞɟɦɨɤɪɚɬɨɜ±ɝɨɥɜɬɨɜɪɟɦɹɤɚɤɧɚɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɯɜɵɛɨɪɚɯ ɜɝɫɞɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢɬɨɥɶɤɨɝɨɥɑɢɫɥɨɫɞɞɟɩɭɬɚɬɨɜɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɨ ɜɝɱɟɥɩɪɨɬɢɜɜɝɗɬɚɩɨɛɟɞɚɜɵɡɜɚɥɚɬɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɪɚɡɧɨɝɥɚɫɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɦ ɞɪɟɡɞɟɧɫɤɨɦ ɩɚɪɬɟɣɬɚɝɟ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɦɨ ɬɨɦɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɥɢ ɩɚɪɥɚɦɟɧɬɫɤɚɹɮɪɚɤɰɢɹɫɞɜɵɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɫɜɨɟɝɨɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɚɧɚɩɨɫɬɜɢɰɟɩɪɟɡɢɞɟɧ ɬɚ ɪɟɣɯɫɬɚɝɚ Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨɦ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɜ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɚɪɟɡɨɥɸɰɢɹ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɜɚɜɲɚɹ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɦɜɵɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɣɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɭɪɵ

ȾɨɧȽɭɫɦɚɧȻɪɢɞɭɚɡɨɧ±ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟɥɢɰɨɜɤɨɦɟɞɢɢȻɨɦɚɪɲɟ©ɀɟɧɢɬɶɛɚ Ɏɢɝɚɪɨªɬɢɩɬɭɩɨɝɨɢɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɝɨɞɟɪɟɜɟɧɫɤɨɝɨɫɭɞɶɢ

Ʌɟɜɨɷɫɟɪɨɜɫɤɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɜɢɤɨɜɢ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦȻɪɟɫɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ ɜɵɥɢɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɟɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɢɟɜɆɨɫɤɜɟɢɸɥɹɝɋɢɝɧɚɥɨɦɤɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɢɸɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɥɨ ɭɛɢɣɫɬɜɨɝɟɪɦɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɩɨɫɥɚɝɪɚɮɚɆɢɪɛɚɯɚɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɟɩɨɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɐɄɩɚɪɬɢɢɷɫɟɪɨɜɱɥɟɧɚɦɢɟɟəȻɥɸɦɤɢɧɵɦɢɇȺɧɞɪɟɟɜɵɦ

Ɇɭɪɚɜɶɟɜ±ɩɨɞɩɨɥɤɨɜɧɢɤɩɪɢɦɤɧɭɜɲɢɣɤɥɟɜɵɦɷɫɟɪɚɦɜɷɩɨɯɭɤɟɪɟɧɳɢɧɵ ȼɩɟɪɜɵɟɞɧɢɈɤɬɹɛɪɹɛɭɞɭɱɢɤɨɦɚɧɞɭɸɳɢɦɜɨɣɫɤɚɦɢɨɤɚɡɚɥɛɨɥɶɲɢɟɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɣɜɥɚɫɬɢȼɢɸɥɟɝɨɬɞɚɥɢɡɦɟɧɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɪɢɤɚɡɨɫɧɹɬɢɢɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɫȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɝɨɮɪɨɧɬɚɢɨɬɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɢɯɧɚɆɨɫɤɜɭɇɟɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɧɵɣɜɨɣɫɤɚɦɢ Ɇɭɪɚɜɶɟɜɡɚɫɬɪɟɥɢɥɫɹɋɦɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɬ,,,ɱɹɩɪɢɦ1

©Ɋɚɛɨɱɢɣɢɋɨɥɞɚɬª±ɜɟɱɟɪɧɹɹɝɚɡɟɬɚɉɟɬɪɨɝɪɚɞɫɤɨɝɨɋɨɜɟɬɚɊɢɋɞɟɩɭɬɚ ɬɨɜɜɵɯɨɞɢɥɚɫ ɢɸɥɹɩɨ ɚɜɝɭɫɬɚɝɉɨɫɥɟɜɵɯɨɞɚɜ ɫɜɟɬɧɨɦɟɪɨɜ
ɟɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɢɟ±ɇɟɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɨɥɟɜɵɯɷɫɟɪɨɜɨɛɳɟɣɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɨɣ
252

ɅɌɪɨɰɤɢɣ
ɝɚɡɟɬɚɛɵɥɚɡɚɤɪɵɬɚȼɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ

ɊɚɫɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜɎɎɪɨɞɜɝ±ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɭɸɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɧɚɱɚɥɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹɜɫɬɭɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɞɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɯɍɱɢɥɫɹɜɩɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɨɦɩɨɥɢɬɟɯɧɢ ɱɟɫɤɨɦɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɟɩɨɡɞɧɟɟ±ɜɝɚɪɞɟɦɚɪɢɧɫɤɢɯɤɥɚɫɫɚɯ ɑɥɟɧȼɄɉɫ ɝȼ ±ɝɝɛɵɥ ɫɟɤɪɟɬɚɪɟɦ©ɉɪɚɜɞɵª ȼɨɜɪɟɦɹɎɟɜɪɚɥɶɫɤɨɣɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ ɊɚɫɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜɛɵɥɦɨɪɫɤɢɦɨɮɢɰɟɪɨɦȻɚɥɬɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɮɥɨɬɚɢɜɟɥɫɪɟɞɢɦɚɬɪɨɫɨɜ ɚɝɢɬɚɰɢɸɡɚɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɪɭɤɢɋɨɜɟɬɨɜȼɷɬɨɬɠɟɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɧɛɵɥɨɞɧɢɦɢɡ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣɄɪɨɧɲɬɚɞɬɫɤɨɝɨɋɨɜɟɬɚɊɚɫɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɥɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟɭɱɚ ɫɬɢɟɜɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɈɤɬɹɛɪɶɫɤɢɦɩɟɪɟɜɨɪɨɬɨɦȼɝɊɚɫɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜɧɚɡɧɚɱɚ ɟɬɫɹɡɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɟɦɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɤɨɦɢɫɫɚɪɚɩɨɦɨɪɫɤɢɦɞɟɥɚɦɚɡɚɬɟɦɤɨɦɚɧɞɭɸ ɳɢɦȻɚɥɬɢɣɫɤɢɦ ɮɥɨɬɨɦɋ  ɩɨ ɝɊɚɫɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜɛɵɥɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɦɊɋɎɋɊɜȺɮɝɚɧɢɫɬɚɧɟ

ɇɚɪɢɦɚɧɨɜɇɚɪɢɦɚɧ±±ɪɨɞɢɥɫɹɜɌɢɮɥɢɫɟɜɛɟɞɧɨɣɬɸɪɤɫɤɨɣ ɫɟɦɶɟɉɨɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɢɝɨɪɢɣɫɤɨɣɭɱɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣɫɟɦɢɧɚɪɢɢɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɦɟɫɬɨɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɫɟɥɟ ȽɢɡɟɥɶȺɞɠɚɥ Ɍɢɮɥɢɫɫɤɨɣ ɝɭɛ ɝɞɟɛɥɢɡɤɨɫɨɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɭɥɫɹɫ ɬɹɠɟɥɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɶɸ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɟɫɬɶɹɧɫɬɜɚ ɉɨɡɞɧɟɟ ɇɚɪɢɦɚɧɨɜ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɣɩɪɨɝɢɦɧɚɡɢɢɜȻɚɤɭɝɞɟɢɦɛɵɥɚɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɚɩɟɪɜɚɹɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɹɨɛɳɟɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɧɚɹ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚɱɢɬɚɥɶɧɹ ɫɬɚɜɲɚɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɦ ɜɫɟɝɨ Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɹ ȼ ɝɯɥɟɬɨɬɪɨɞɭɇɚɪɢɦɚɧɨɜɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬɧɚɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɣɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɇɨɜɨ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚȼɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ±ɝɝɇɚɪɢɦɚɧɨɜɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɥ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɹɫɬɭɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɦɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɦɜɈɞɟɫɫɟȼɟɪɧɭɜɲɢɫɶɜ Ȼɚɤɭ ɇɚɪɢɦɚɧɨɜ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬ ɫɴɟɡɞɨɦ ɬɸɪɤɫɤɢɯ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɹɩɨɞɟɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦɫɴɟɡɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɪɟɡɨɥɸɰɢɸɨɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɫɚɦɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢɁɚɤɚɜ ɤɚɡɶɹɇɚɪɢɦɚɧɨɜɧɟɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɥɫɹɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸɧɚɨɞɧɨɦɄɚɜɤɚɡɟɨɧɛɵɥ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɟɪɫɢɞɫɤɨɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɞɟɦɨɤɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɚɪɬɢɢ ©ɂɲɟɸɧ ȺɲɟɸɧªɁɚɫɜɨɸɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɇɚɪɢɦɚɧɨɜɛɵɥɜɵɫɥɚɧɧɚɥɟɬɜȺɫɬɪɚɯɚɧɶɋ ɫɚɦɨɝɨɧɚɱɚɥɚɈɤɬɹɛɪɶɫɤɨɣɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ ɇɚɪɢɦɚɧɨɜɛɨɪɟɬɫɹɜɩɟɪɜɵɯɪɹɞɚɯɡɚ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɣɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɁɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɟɈɧɩɢɲɟɬɫɜɨɢɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɟɩɢɫɶɦɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɸɳɢɟɫɹɜɫɨɬɧɹɯɬɵɫɹɱɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪɨɜɩɪɟɞɫɟɞɚɬɟɥɸȺɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧ ɫɤɨɣɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢɍɫɭɛɟɤɨɜɭɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɞɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɱɬɨɬɨɥɶɤɨɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɚɹɜɥɚɫɬɶ ɦɨɠɟɬɭɥɭɱɲɢɬɶɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦɭɫɭɥɶɦɚɧɫɤɢɯɦɚɫɫȼɝɨɧɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹɩɪɟɞ ɫɟɞɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɜɤɨɦɚ ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɟɞɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɋɨɜɧɚɪɤɨɦɚ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɨɣɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢȼɝɇɚɪɢɦɚɧɨɜɢɡɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹɧɚɩɨɫɬɩɪɟɞɫɟ ɞɚɬɟɥɹɐɂɄɋɋɋɊ
ɇɚɪɢɦɚɧɨɜɛɵɥɨɞɧɢɦɢɡɩɟɪɜɵɯɞɟɹɬɟɥɟɣɦɨɥɨɞɨɣɬɸɪɤɫɤɨɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɈɧ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɥɧɚɬɸɪɤɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤ©ɊɟɜɢɡɨɪɚªȽɨɝɨɥɹɢɧɚɩɢɫɚɥɰɟɥɵɣɪɹɞɩɶɟɫɢɩɨɜɟ ɫɬɟɣɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɟɢɡɧɢɯ©ɇɚɞɢɪɒɚɯª©Ȼɟɝɚɞɢɪɢɋɨɧɚª©ɉɢɪª
ɦɚɪɬɚɝɇɚɪɢɦɚɧɨɜɭɦɟɪɨɬɪɚɡɪɵɜɚɫɟɪɞɰɚ

ɏɭɪɝɢɧɂə±±ɜɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɨɟɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɜɫɬɭɩɢɥɜɝ ɇɚɱɚɥ ɫɜɨɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɜ ɟɜɪɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜ ɤɟ ©ɫɢɨɧɢɫɬɨɜɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜª ɉɨɫɥɟ Ɉɤɬɹɛɪɶɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ ɜɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɪɹ ɞɵ©ȻɭɧɞɚªɢɜɦɟɫɬɟɫɧɢɦɜɯɨɞɢɬɜɊɄɉȼɝɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɝɨɫɩɨɞɫɬɜɚɉɟɬɥɸ ɪɵɧɚɍɤɪɚɢɧɟɏɭɪɝɢɧɫɨɫɬɨɹɥɱɥɟɧɨɦɢɫɩɨɥɤɨɦɚɄɢɟɜɫɤɨɝɨɋɨɜɟɬɚɢɪɚɛɨɬɚɥ ɜɩɨɞɩɨɥɶɟɉɨɫɥɟɢɡɝɧɚɧɢɹɉɟɬɥɸɪɵɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɥɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶɜɄɢɟɜɫɤɨɦ

253
ɉɟɪɟɞɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɪɭɛɟɠɨɦɉɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɢɥɭɷɬɵ
ɋɨɜɟɬɟɜɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɜɨɪɝɚɧɚɯɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚȼɝɏɭɪɝɢɧɛɵɥ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɦɍɤɪɚɢɧɵɜɧɚɲɟɦɩɨɥɩɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɜȼɚɪɲɚɜɟɚɩɨɡɞɧɟɟ± ɩɪɟɞɫɟɞɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɤɰɢɨɧɟɪɧɨɝɨ Ɉɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ©Ⱥɦɬɨɪɝª ȼɦɟɫɬɟ ɫɨ ɋɤɥɹɧɫɤɢɦɚɜɝɭɫɬɚɝɭɬɨɧɭɥɜɨɡɟɪɟɛɥɢɡɇɶɸɃɨɪɤɚ

Ɋɭɞɡɭɬɚɤəɗ±ɪɨɞɜɝɜɄɭɪɥɹɧɞɫɤɨɣɞɟɪɟɜɧɟɜɫɟɦɶɟɛɚɬɪɚɤɚȾɨ ɥɟɬɛɵɥɞɟɪɟɜɟɧɫɤɢɦɩɚɫɬɭɯɨɦɬɢɥɟɬɩɨɫɬɭɩɢɥɧɚɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɣɡɚɜɨɞ ɝɞɟɩɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɥɫɹɫɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɟɪɚɦɢɢɜɫɬɭɩɢɥɜɪɢɠɫɤɭɸɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸɊɋȾɊɉ ɛȼɝɢɡɛɪɚɧɞɟɥɟɝɚɬɨɦɧɚɅɨɧɞɨɧɫɤɢɣɫɴɟɡɞɫɷɬɨɝɨɝɨɞɚɨɧɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɚ ɧɟɥɟɝɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɩɚɝɚɧɞɢɫɬɨɦ ɪɢɠɫɤɨɣɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ȼ  ɝɛɵɥ ɩɪɢɝɨɜɨɪɟɧ ɤ  ɝɨɞɚɦɤɚɬɨɪɝɢɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɨɬɛɵɜɚɥɫɧɚɱɚɥɚɜɪɢɠɫɤɨɣɬɸɪɶɦɟɚɡɚɬɟɦɛɵɥɩɟɪɟɜɟɞɟɧɜɆɨɫɤɜɭɜȻɭɬɵɪɤɢ ɨɬɤɭɞɚ ɟɝɨ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɞɢɥɚ Ɏɟɜɪɚɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɹ ɋ ɝ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɥ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯɩɚɪɬɢɣɧɵɯɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɢɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɯɇɚ;,, ɫɴɟɡɞɟɩɚɪɬɢɢɢɡɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹɫɟɤɪɟɬɚɪɟɦɐɄȼɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟɜɪɟɦɹɊɭɞɡɭɬɚɤ±ɧɚɪɨɞ ɧɵɣɤɨɦɢɫɫɚɪɩɭɬɟɣɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɢɤ
ɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɜɱɥɟɧɵɉɨɥɢɬɛɸɪɨ
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ɈɌȺȼɌɈɊȺ 3 ɈɌɊȿȾȺɄɐɂɂ 4 ,ɆȿɀȾɍɇȺɊɈȾɇɈȿɊȺȻɈɑȿȿȾȼɂɀȿɇɂȿ 5
ȼɌɈɊɈɃɂɇɌȿɊɇȺɐɂɈɇȺɅ 5 ɄɊȺɏȼɌɈɊɈȽɈɂɇɌȿɊɇȺɐɂɈɇȺɅȺ 24 ɊɍɋɋɄɂɃɋɈɐɂȺɅɉȺɌɊɂɈɌɂɁɆ 39 ɇȺɉɍɌəɏɄɌɊȿɌɖȿɆɍɂɇɌȿɊɇȺɐɂɈɇȺɅȺ48 ɆɍɑȿɇɂɄɂɌɊȿɌɖȿȽɈɂɇɌȿɊɇȺɐɂɈɇȺɅȺ 56
,,ɊȿȼɈɅɘɐɂəɂɄɈɇɌɊɊȿȼɈɅɘɐɂəȼɊɈɋɋɂɂ 65
ɅɂɐɈɐȺɊɋɄɈɃɊɈɋɋɂɂ 65 ȾɍɆɋɄɂȿȾȿɉɍɌȺɌɕ 11 2 ɈɌȽɈɅɈɋɄɂȽɈȾȺ 126 ɉȺɆəɌɂɍɒȿȾɒɂɏ 131 ɉɂɊɈȽɈȼ±ȽȿɊɐȿɇ±ɋɌɊɍȼȿ 142 ȻɈɊɐɕɁȺɉɊɈɅȿɌȺɊɋɄɍɘɊȿȼɈɅɘɐɂɘ 163
ɉɊɂɅɈɀȿɇɂə 187
ɉɊɂɅɈɀȿɇɂȿʋ 187 ɉɊɂɅɈɀȿɇɂȿʋ 196
ɉɊɂɆȿɑȺɇɂə 
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