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Файл:The bases of special methods of biomass processing into prospective materials. Tutorial
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Table end 2.1
sawed, well-
milled and
nailed
or 2 floors
without
foundation
and wall
shoring;
For casting
of buil-
dings’
foundations
(basement
becomes
warm and
doesn’t
require
additional
heating)
Type of
WMCM
Densit
y,
kg/m
3
Material
composi-
tion
Modes
Properties
Application
GSB
600,
700,
850
Filler.
Sawdust
Matrix.
Chemical
mineral
white and
gypsum.
Ch.
Additives.
Gypsum
setting re-
tarder:
Moding
form re-
moval
drying in
special
drying
chambers
or under
atmosphe-
ric condi-
tions for 2
or 3
It is used
for const-
ructing
bearing and
self-
supporting
walls in
apartment
buildings
and public
buildings
where
Technologies for obtaining the composite materials based on gypsum
(GSB, FRGP, GSP)
Table 2.2
21
glueacti-
vated
with
caustic
soda or
lime
carbonate.
Humidity is
no higher
than 60 %
GSP
900–
1200
F. Pine
wood with
bark and
touchwood
content is
no more
than 5 %.
The
content of
waterbased
sugars is
no more
than
0.5 % (for
hard-wood
– 0.2 %),
of tanning
agents
(tannins) is
no higher
than 0.4
%, of oils,
fats and
wood tars
is no
higher than
1,5 %) as
Like CSP
Materials are
noncombusti
ble, nonto-
xic, biostable
and weather-
proof
Materials
are used for
interior
decoration,
wall, ceil-
ing and
floor cons-
truction.
It is for-
bidden to
use GSP
for const-
ruction of
basements
and founda-
tions as
well as
construc-
tions that
are expo-
sed to cons-
tanthumi-
dification
(bathroom
walls, laun-
dry walls
and walls
of bathho-
uses)
Table continuation 2.2
22
wood wool.
M. Che-
mical mi-
neral white
and gyp-
sum, con-
tent of slag
additive is
no more
than 5 %.
Ch. Ad.
Gypsum
setting re-
tarder:
painters
glue active-
ted with
caustic
soda or
lime
carbonate
FRGP
1200–
1250
F.
Hardwood
and pine-
wood
(round
timber,
slabs,
furring,
plywood
cuttings,
pencils,
Molding
hardening
drying at
210–180
and 80-
110 0С till
humidity
of 0,5%
Materials are
used for
interior
decorations;
as elements
of prefabricated walls;
suspended
ceilings;
wall board;
partition
Table continuation 2.2
23
stem
bases) as
wood
fiber of
МС–10
and МС-
11brand
and waste
paper.
M.
Chemical
mineral
white and
gypsum
of G–4 –
G–7
brand
(State
Standard
125-86)
Walls with
high
soundproof
indexes;
Materials
are used for
manufactur
ing dry-
floors for
areas with
dry (wit-
hout tem-
perature
limitation)
and humid
(at 24 0C)
climate
Type of
WMCM
Density,
kg/m
3
Material
compositi
on
Modes
Properties
Application
MC
1000–
1200
Filler.
Lump and
soft
waste,
bark, saw-
dust, sha-
vings,
branch
Material
is
extruded
under
pres-sure
of 9.0 MPa
at
chamber
Material is
ecological,
nonflammable
and biostable
material;
easily tooled;
has no shrin-
Material is
used for
constructing
outside and
interior
walls; floors;
window
Technologies for obtaining the composite materials based on magnesium
Table end 2.2
Table 2.3
oxychloride cement (MC, xylolite, fibrolite)
24
wood,
branches,
as well as
annual
plant
waste:
cotton-
plant bun
stalks,
roots, rice
husk, etc.
Matrix.
Magnesi-
um oxyc-
hloride
cement is
caustic
magne-
sitr.
Chemical
additives.
Magnesi-
um chlo-
ride and
magnesi-
um
sulphate
Walls
input
temperatu
re of
180 0С,
chamber
walls
output
temperatu
re is
120 0С
When
leaving
the
channel it
is cut
sawed in
radial saw
machine
and kept
in bundles
for 72
hours at
temperatu
re of 16
0
С until
complete
magnesium oxychloride
cement
hardening
kage; retains
heat well and
is waterproof and
frostresistant
and door
casings.
Xylolite
F.
Hardwood
sawdust,
As a
solution
and as
dalles. In
Xylolite is
hygienic,
strong, fireresistant and
Material is
used for
constructing
floors in
Table continuation 2.3
25
obtained
when
lumbering.
Sawdust,
doted sawdust and
oak sawdust must
not be used
in
manufactur
ing.
M. Caustic
magnesite.
Ch. Ad.
Magnesium chloride
(hardener)
Mineral
substances.
Finedispersed
mineral
substances
(talc,
asbestos,
marble
powder).
Dyes.
Alkali-fast
coloring
agents
The latter
case mixture is added by a
spiral
conveyer
into the
mixing
chamber
of molding
machine.
Dalles are
formed in
special
pressmolds of
hydraulic
press with
transfer
molding
pressure
of 2.5–10
MPa.
From
hydraulic
pressmolds on
are moved into a
hardening
chamber
where
they are
kept at
temperatu
re of 90–
95 0С for
biostable;
possesses
low heat
conductivity;
is waterproof
and frostresistant
Buildings
of various
applications where
floors are
not constantly washed or undergo hostile environment
influence
Table continuation 2.3
26
21 hours.
After that
they are
cooled to
25–35 0С
and removed from
forms.
Then
panels are
palletized
and kept
for 14
days.
After conditioning
panels are
impregnated in
hydrophobic
solvent to
raise their
waterresis-tant
properties
Fibrolite
300,
350,
400,
500
F. Hardwood
(with the
exception
of larch)
low grade
wood is
acceptable, but
healthy
Wetting
of wood
particles
molding
preharden
ing at
35 0С
from 18–
24 hours.
Form
Material is
ecological,
waterproof
and frostresistant,
biologically
inert,
resistant to
insects,
rodents,
Fibrolite is
used:
1) for constructing
low
buildings to
fill the
walls of
single- or
two-storey
Table continuation 2.3
27
and as
specially
prepared
chips
(wood
wool).
M.
Caustic
magnesite
removal
final conditioning
for 7-8
days
Funguses
and
microorganis
ms
Houses with
timber
framing or
reinforced
concrete
framing, as
heat insulation for
camp
ceilings and
basements;
2) for
construc-ting
agricultural
building
construc-tion
as heat
insulation
material and
as walling to
fill the
framings of
agricultural
buildings;
3) for
constructing
concrete
panel
housing
construction
and
industrial
engineering
Table continuation 2.3
28
insulation
material
for brick
walls, as
pipe
sheathing;
4) as
readymade wall
panels
encased
with
concrete
from
outside
and
gypsum
from
inside and
hanged
with wall
paper;
5) for
constructing camp
ceilings,
inserted
floors and
basement
floors of
houses;
6) for
constructi
ng floors
on
concrete
base;
7) as a
Table continuation 2.3
29
roof
cladding
with
structural
fibrolite
boards;
8) for
covering
of ceiling
and siding
above
panels
materials acquire the ability to form a durable and solid monolithic material
of dark color, repeating the shape configuration. This material is called
piezothermoplastic. Piezo-thermal treatment changes the physical,
structural and chemical properties of wood and has a goal to increase the
reactivity of the components of the wood complex. Single-stage method of
piezothermoplastics obtaining consists of grinding the wood to a size close
to the size of wood flour and pressing without preliminary treatment of
wood in tightly sealed press-mold or without them under rather severe
conditions: temperature of 300–400 0С and pressure of 30–100 MPa.
piezothermoplastics make it possible to use them in construction (flooring
tiles, floor leaves, etc), electrical engineering (control boards, electrical
control units), in furniture manufacturing (chair bottoms and hacks, table
and desk boards, separate items of furniture) and other industrial sectors.
that the required conditions for partial wood decomposition into reactive
materials could occur. They should interact with separate wood particles to
form strong and water-resistant plastic.
Table end 2.3.
2.2. Technologies for obtaining the composite materials based
on natural binding agents
Under the influence of pressure and temperature, crushed plant
High physical-mechanical and electrical properties of
Technological process of LCWP production should be organized so
30
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