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Tackling a Global Crisis
3
A Review of the Efficacy of LC- MS
Dong Hyeon Shin1 and Ronny Priefer
1
MCPHS University, 179 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA,
1,*
USA, 02115
CONTENTS
3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 77
3.2 Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry ................................... 78
3.3 Counterfeit Drugs for Pathogenic Diseases .................................................79
3.4 Counterfeit Drugs for Erectile Dysfunction ................................................ 82
3.5 Counterfeit Drugs for Steroids .................................................................... 85
3.6 Counterfeit Drugs for Obesity ..................................................................... 86
3.7 Concerning Counterfeit Drugs with Detrimental Effects ............................ 88
3.8 Conclusion ................................................................................................... 90
References .............................................................................................................91
3.1 INTRODUCTION
People in low and middle- income countries are prone to consume low- quality medicines that can cause deleterious effects on the patient and the population as a whole. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 9%– 41% of medicines sold in these countries are counterfeit (1). Counterfeit medicines are classied as either poor- quality, having sub- standard levels, or containing no active ingredient/ s. As a result, there are increased risks of treatment failure, prolonged illness, adverse reactions, and higher levels of morbidity and mortality (2,3).
Based on the World Health Organization’s (WHO) estimates, over one million deaths occur annually as a result of counterfeit drugs (4). In developed countries, governments and organizations have put signicant efforts toward combatting their distribution and production (5). However, due to lack of either infrastructure or funds, this is a limitation in developing countries, thus leading to an increase in the sales of these counterfeit medicines. It is estimated that more than 50% drugs sold in parts of Africa and Asia are counterfeit (6). Counterfeit drugs are generally less expensive, making them more affordable to the population living in low- income countries. Moreover, those living in developing countries suffer from diseases that
DOI: 10.1201/9781003270461-3
77