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Abdominal Compartment Syndrome304
Continuous fully-automated technique 48
Continuous mandatory ventilation (CMV)
112
Continuous negative abdominal pressure 107,
233, 235, 240
Continuous negative extra-abdominal pressure
242-245, 247, 249, 250, 252, 253
Continuous positive-pressure breathing
(CPPB) 113
Contractility 3, 71, 72, 89-92, 95, 98-101
Critically Ill Renal Failure and Abdominal
Hyperte (CIRFAH) 76
Cumulative incidence 82-87
Cytokine 107, 108, 134, 135, 157, 163, 166,
284
D
Damage control surgery (DCS) 14, 16, 83,
157-160, 166, 186, 200, 233, 237, 268,
284, 285, 292
Decompression 4, 5, 10, 13, 72-75, 77-79,
84, 91, 96, 100, 107, 123, 125, 133, 135,
138, 145-147, 153, 154, 159-161,
163-165, 167, 170, 172-183, 185, 186,
191, 197, 199-201, 203, 211, 212, 215,
219, 220, 224, 226, 228, 229, 232-235,
237, 238, 240, 245, 251, 257, 261, 262,
266, 268-270, 285-287, 299
Decompressive surgery 10, 255
Desflurane 256
Dialysis 27, 52, 181, 183, 214, 233, 236
Diaphragmatic hernia 220
Diazepam 256
Diuretic 4, 72, 94, 126, 214, 233, 236, 238,
254
E
ECG 47
Ectopia cordis 220
Edema 72, 73, 78, 91, 107, 109, 114, 123,
125, 135, 138, 140, 141, 158-160, 163,
172, 175, 176, 179, 180, 182, 197, 199,
200, 215, 218, 223, 226, 228, 230, 233,
236, 237, 258, 260, 268, 271, 272, 276,
284, 297
Elimination half-time 256
End tidal carbon dioxide 111, 160, 161
Enflurane 256
Enterobacter 133
Enterococcus 133
Escharotomy 178-180, 183, 185
Escherichia coli 108, 133
Etomidate 255, 256
Expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP)
113
Extravascular lung water (EVLW) 98, 114,
140, 249, 251
Extubation 112, 113, 141, 257, 259
F
Filtration gradient (FG) 71, 74, 75, 124, 141
Fistulae 278-281
Fluid resuscitation 5, 14, 16, 20, 21, 24, 83,
87, 94, 105, 123, 138, 140, 165, 172,
179, 180, 183-187, 197-199, 215,
223-226, 228, 229, 233, 234, 236-238,
260, 284
Foley manometer technique 41
Frank-Starling principle 93, 96, 99
Free radical production 132
G
Gastric pHi 9, 131
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) 189,
190, 193, 194
Gastrointestinal decompression 233, 234, 238
Gastroschisis 4, 217-220
Global ejection fraction (GEF) 98, 100, 101
Global end-diastolic volume index (GEDVI)
98-101
Glomerular filtration pressure (GFP) 71, 124
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 3, 122, 124,
139
Goal directed therapy 77, 90, 236, 238, 260,
300
Gynecoid 189
H
Halothane 256
Hepatic arterial blood flow (HABF) 129
Hepatic microvascular blood flow (HMVBF)
129
Hepatic mitochondrial redox status 139
Hydrostatic law 11, 19
Hypovolemia 4, 70, 71, 91, 98, 126, 154,
214, 225, 254, 259, 260
Index 305
I
Iberti technique 30-32, 35, 37, 56, 57
Ileus 3, 21, 76, 78, 83, 215, 233, 234, 238,
284
Incidence 10, 15, 60, 77, 78, 82-87, 100,
105, 124, 125, 138, 140, 141, 158-160,
162, 166, 167, 170, 184, 185, 193, 199,
200, 203, 204, 210, 211, 212, 215, 218,
220, 224-226, 230, 237, 238, 270, 286,
289, 293, 297-300
Incisional hernia 21, 24, 74, 189, 190, 193,
194, 215, 278
Independent predictor 20, 83, 159-161, 166,
172-174, 298
Indocyanine green clearance 112, 139
Infection 5, 21, 28, 30, 32, 35, 37, 40, 43, 45,
46, 48, 53-55, 57, 108, 114, 162, 198,
200, 210, 213-215, 218, 225, 232, 237,
269, 273, 276, 278, 283, 289, 291, 293
Inferior vena cava pressure (IVCP) 40, 54, 55
Inhalation agent 256
Interleukin (IL)-1β 134, 135, 163
Interleukin (IL)-8 134, 161
Intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV)
112, 113
Intracranial pressure (ICP) 8, 20, 49, 70, 72,
121, 140, 144, 145-155, 191, 192, 219,
254, 255, 257, 260, 286, 301
Intramucosal pH 46, 71, 74, 83, 112, 131,
167, 301
see also pHi
Intrarectal pressure (IRP) 57-60
Intrathoracic blood volume (ITBV) 79, 245,
246, 248, 249, 251
Intrathoracic blood volume index (ITBVI) 98,
99, 101, 141
Intrauterine pressure 54, 56
Intravital video microscopy 130
Ischemia-reperfusion injury 133, 157, 172,
219, 230, 255, 299
Isoflurane 256
K
Ketamine 255-257
Klebsiella pneumoniae 108
L
Laparoscopy 4, 8, 21, 27, 51, 55, 61, 63, 106,
122, 131, 144, 154
Laser doppler flow studies 124, 132
Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure
(LVEDP) 93
Liver transplantation 14, 16, 85, 120, 138,
140-142, 224, 229
Lorazepam 256
Lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) 134, 163
M
Major trauma outcome study 153
Manometry (MANO) 28, 39, 40, 43, 56-60,
64
Mathematical coupling 96, 97
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) 9, 10, 69-77,
92, 101, 122, 124, 129, 132-134,
145-147, 149, 155, 161, 163, 165, 219,
236, 243-245, 255, 256
Mechanical ventilation 21, 64, 70, 86, 89, 93,
105-109, 111-114, 141, 155, 171, 192,
224, 229, 258, 259, 269
Meconium perforation 220
Melatonin 164, 233, 235, 236
Mesh closure 82, 170
Metoclopromide 234
Microchip Transducer Tipped Catheters 55
Midazolam 255, 256
Mitral valve regurgitation 94
Mitral valve stenosis 94
Monro-Kellie doctrine 72, 146, 148, 154
Morbid obesity 12, 23, 189, 192-194
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
(MODS) 89, 129, 134, 135, 224, 229,
230, 283, 284, 287
Multiple organ failure (MOF) 14, 15, 86,
100, 107, 108, 122, 129, 135, 142,
157-163, 165-167, 171, 172, 198, 212,
226-229, 237, 260, 272, 294
Muscle relaxation 8, 26, 27, 63, 241, 255,
257, 258
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) 134, 135, 163-165
Abdominal Compartment Syndrome306
N
Necrosectomy 197-200
Necrotizing enterocolitis 218, 220
Negative extra-abdominal pressure (NEXAP)
240-253
Negative pressure therapy (NPT) 291-293
Neostigmine 233, 235
Neuromuscular blockade (NMB) 106, 223,
228, 233, 237, 258
Nondepolarizing muscle relaxants 258
O
Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS)
190, 192, 194
Octreotide 164, 165, 233, 235
Ogilvie’s syndrome 235
Oliguria 13, 20, 71, 73, 139, 178, 180, 212,
218, 219, 236, 271, 286
Omphalocele 3, 4, 217, 218, 220, 278
Open abdomen 20, 79, 155, 177, 200, 203,
210, 211, 213-215, 220, 225, 230, 237,
266, 268-272, 276-294
Organ dysfunction 6, 9, 10, 13, 15, 20, 28,
69, 73, 89, 90, 98, 100, 101, 105, 129,
134, 139, 142, 158, 160, 172, 187, 194,
198-200, 210, 224, 225, 236, 255, 268,
269, 282, 283, 286, 287, 297, 299
Organ perfusion 69, 70, 74, 77-79, 89, 90,
94, 99, 112, 142, 167, 260, 285, 299
Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) 120,
139-141
Oxygen debt 111
Oxygen free radical 107, 132, 235
P
PAC 89, 92-95, 97, 98
Pancreatic ascites 197, 199, 200, 215
Peak airway pressure (PAP) 13, 20, 96, 174,
224, 225, 246
Perfusion 8-11, 35, 49, 51, 62, 69-79, 89-91,
94, 98-101, 106, 111-114, 119, 122,
127, 129, 130, 132, 135, 139, 140, 142,
144, 155, 157, 160, 162, 163, 165, 167,
187, 192, 204, 205, 207, 215, 219, 233,
236-238, 245, 251, 254, 260-262, 269,
285, 286, 299-301
pHi 9, 13, 46, 74, 75, 112, 130, 131, 133,
167, 301
see also Intramucosal pH
Pinch test 280, 281
Pneumoperitoneum 3, 4, 21, 106, 124, 131,
132, 139, 144-146, 154, 158, 179, 191
Polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) 134,
135, 162, 173, 284
Polytetraflouroethylene mesh 226
Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) 21,
29, 55, 64, 73, 74, 92-96, 98, 101,
107-109, 111-114, 141, 152, 155, 173,
219, 224, 229, 245, 249, 251, 258, 259,
262
Positive pressure ventilation (PPV) 9, 71, 94,
112, 141, 172, 253
Postshock systemic neutrophil 135
Prediction 10, 14, 77, 159, 172, 173, 175
Preload 89-101, 112, 122, 140-142, 159,
160, 175, 244-246
Pressure support ventilation (PSV) 112, 113
Pressure-regulated volume control (PRVC)
110
Prevalence 12, 15, 20, 60, 69, 82, 83, 87,
124-126, 153, 197, 199, 210, 211, 297
Prevalence rate 82, 83
Prevention 2, 8, 119, 135, 175, 223, 225,
226, 228-230, 251, 266, 268, 271, 279,
280, 285, 287, 290
Production 71, 107, 108, 122, 132, 161, 203,
284
Prokinetic agents 234
Propofol 149, 255, 256
Pseudomonas aeruginosa 108
Pseudotumor cerebri (PTC) 189-192, 194,
243, 245
Pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP)
9, 60, 74, 79, 89, 93-96, 98-101, 141,
148, 191, 192, 261
Pulmonary hypertension 92, 95, 106, 114
Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) 91, 92,
112, 140
Pulse contour analysis 98
Pulse pressure variation (PPV) 98, 112, 253
Index 307
R
Rapid oscillation test 28, 47
Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves
10, 73, 75, 76, 139
Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa)
235
Rectal pressure 19, 50, 54, 55
Renal allograft compartment syndrome
(RACS) 203-205, 208, 215
Renal decapsulation 123
Renal filtration gradient 71
Renal parenchymal pressure 122-124
Renal perfusion pressure (RPP) 71, 122, 123
Reperfusion injury 133, 165, 235, 260, 271
Revised closed system repeated measurement
technique 33, 35
Revised semi-continuous technique 46, 48
Right ventricular end-diastolic volume index
(RVEDVI) 79, 95-101
Risk factor 20, 27, 120, 125, 126, 139, 158,
172, 174, 176, 186, 194, 201, 212, 224,
284, 285
S
Salt water vicious cycle 158, 159
Sellick’s maneuver 258
Semi-Continuous Technique with a Tonometer
45
Sepsis 9, 14, 16, 21, 28, 30, 35, 57, 71, 76,
83, 89, 105, 108, 119, 125-127, 135,
141, 158, 179, 180, 184, 198, 213, 229,
232, 233, 237, 259, 260, 283, 285-287,
293, 297-299
Septic shock 14, 20, 55, 95, 138, 224
Sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA)
13-16, 20, 76, 201
Sevoflurane 256
Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS)
223, 241
SOFA score 14, 15, 76
Splanchnic flow 129, 132
Splanchnic perfusion 11, 114, 132, 237, 251
Spontaneous breathing trials (SBTs) 113
Staphylococcus 133
Stomas 279-281, 293, 294
Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) 189, 193,
194
Stroke volume variation (SVV) 98, 141, 142
Superior vena cava pressure (SVCP) 55
Surfactant 107, 108
Surveillance 175, 223, 225
Synchronized intermittent mandatory
ventilation (SIMV) 112, 113
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome
(SIRS) 8, 70, 122, 162, 166, 236, 284
Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) 71, 72, 89,
92, 119, 122, 127, 132, 191, 235, 261
T
Tardus-parvus waveform 204
Temporary abdominal closure (TAC) 20, 37,
73, 77, 79, 87, 172, 175, 179, 200, 223,
226-230, 232, 238, 266, 267, 269, 270,
272, 273, 283-288, 294
Thiopenthal 255, 256
Tissue hydroxyproline 130
Tissue oxygen partial pressure (TPO
Tonometer 45-48, 59, 129, 131
Total intravenous anesthetic (TIVA) 255, 262
Towel clip closure 267, 288
Transitional closure 276, 277, 279
Transpulmonary thermodilution 98, 141
Tube 2, 40, 41, 44, 45, 47, 48, 59, 179,
233-235, 257, 258, 271, 273, 279, 281,
294
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) 108, 134, 135,
163, 165, 285
) 129
2
U
U-tube technique 40
Ultrafiltration 233, 236, 252
Uterine pressure 54
V
VAC Pac closure 291
Vacuum assisted wound closure (VAWC) 214,
268-270
Vascularization-flow index 207
VDA 106
Ventilation 9, 13, 21, 64, 70, 71, 86, 89, 93,
94, 97, 105-114, 140, 141, 155, 171,
172, 192, 219, 224, 229, 237, 253, 258,
259, 261, 262, 269
Abdominal Compartment Syndrome308
Ventilation perfusion (V/Q) mismatch 106,
111
Ventilation perfusion mismatch 140
Ventricular function curve 99
Ventricular interdependence 92
Verres needle 26, 63
Volume-assured pressure-support (VAPS) 110
Volvulus 220
W
WCACS 105
Weaning 109, 112-114, 259
West’s lung zone 94
World Congress on Abdominal Compartment
Syndrome 105, 301, 302
World Society on Abdominal Compartment
Syndrome (WSACS) 297, 298, 300-302
WSACS Clinical Trials Working Group 302
MEDICAL INTELLIGENCE UNIT
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IVATURY • CHEATHAM
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Abdominal Compartment Syndrome
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