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Index
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Anti-fertility activity, 157, 160
Anti-hyperglycemic effects, 9, 10
Anti-inflammatory
action, 38, 160, 161
activity, 5, 9, 32, 52, 69, 90, 236
ocular inflammation, 69
cytokines, 115
effects, 33
herbs, 3
potential, 31
properties, 11, 20, 51, 236
Anti-leishmanial
activity (ALA), 101
agents, 121, 124
drugs (ALD), 106, 107, 120
natural compounds, 107
alkaloids, 108
chalcones, 116
essential oils (EOS) derivatives, 117
flavonoids, 116
lactones, 113
plant resins, 118
quinones, 116
sesquiterpene, 115
sterols, 113
tannins, 109
terpenes, 109
terpenoids, 114
Antimalarial activity (AMA), 57, 108, 124
Antinociceptive activity, 37, 38
Antioxidants, 5–9, 11, 12, 16, 18, 21, 30,
32, 33, 35, 36, 45, 49, 51, 57, 65, 68,
117, 118, 136, 144, 155, 157–160, 163,
165–167, 171, 209, 220, 237, 241, 250,
252, 254, 255, 259, 279, 280, 303, 308,
309, 312, 314
enzymes, 163, 241
Anti-pathogenic activity, 108
Antiproliferative effects, 162
Anti-rheumatic
action, 27
drugs, 29
Anti-schistosomiasis activity, 157
Anti-tumor
effect, 47
initiation activity, 281
progression activity, 284
promotion activity, 282
Aortic banding, 243, 244
Apigenin (API), 18, 32, 33, 253
Apoptosis, 6, 12–14, 16, 17, 30, 48, 50,
70–75, 85, 110, 116, 159, 163, 239, 242,
257, 258, 280, 281, 283
Arachidonic acid (AA), 1, 15, 21, 27, 29,
34, 38
Arrabidaea chica, 109, 116, 117
Arrhythmia, 134, 139, 146, 147, 230, 241,
242, 244
Artemisinin (ARM), 112, 122
Arthritic
rat models, 29
scoring, 52
symptoms, 49
Arthritis, 10, 14–20, 30–34, 36, 37, 49,
91, 138, 177–180, 182, 183, 191, 192,
194–196, 198, 199, 201, 250
herbal pharmacotherapy, 182
nanoparticle therapy, 192
active targeting nanomedicines applica-
tions, 195
active targeting nanomedicines
designing, 194
treatment, 91, 201
green-synthesized metal nanoparticles,
190
nanotherapeutic approaches, 184
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), 167,
253, 258
Atherosclerosis, 2, 3, 135, 136, 139, 148
Atomic force microscopy, 238
Autoimmune disease, 183
Ayurvedic
herbal medicinal system, 138
pharmacopeia, 4
Azelaic acids (AzA), 161
B
Baicalin ophthalmic solutions (BA-SOL),
212
Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), 255
Beta-carotene, 314
Beta-cell glucose discharge, 9
Beta-hydroxy group, 66
Betula components, 114
Betulinic acid, 73
Biflavonoids, 117
Bioactive
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agents, 79, 80
compounds, 4, 43, 101, 277, 278, 302
glass scaffolds, 87
mediators, 120
Bioavailability, 16, 30, 34, 43–47, 51, 52,
58, 65, 68–70, 76, 80, 89, 90, 92, 119,
122, 133, 141, 143–146, 148–150, 156,
157, 160, 162, 167, 171, 178, 181–183,
195, 198, 201, 212, 216, 221–223,
249–251, 255, 256, 259, 269, 277, 287,
290, 301, 304–306, 309, 312–315
Biodegradable
lipids, 144
polymers, 88, 186
Bioglass (BGS), 87, 88, 92, 93
Biomarkers, 1, 2, 28, 45, 237, 238, 241, 259
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), 5
Biopolymer, 161
Biosensors, 189
Black
caraway, 156
cumin, 155, 156, 161, 162, 170, 302, 315
Block copolymers, 84, 185
Blood pressure (BP), 3, 6, 18, 140, 169,
239–241
Body weight (BW), 17, 19, 20, 31, 38, 49,
55, 148, 163, 168, 243, 255
Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells
(BMDCs), 32, 33, 38
Boswellia serrata (BS), 37
Box-Behnken
design (BBD), 112, 122
statistical analysis, 167
Breviscapine, 140, 144, 147
Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), 258, 260
C
Caffeic acid (CAA), 192, 231, 234–237, 244
Calcium channel blockers (CCBs), 254, 269
Cancer
chemopreventative activity, 14
curcumin, 12
Gleditsia sinensis, 12
resveratrol, 13
Candida albicans, 168, 313
Cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), 217
Capillary vascularity (CV), 13, 21, 243
Capparis decidua, 10, 21
Carbohydrate metabolism, 159
Carbon nanotubes (CNT), 123, 189, 201, 255
Carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA), 87
Carcinogenesis, 162, 237, 253–255,
279–281, 286, 287, 290
Carcinoma cells, 75
Cardiac
fibrosis, 243
glycosides, 145
histopathology, 163
troponin I (CTnI), 54
Cardioactive glycosides, 139
Cardiotoxicity, 29, 240
Cardiovascular
diseases (CVDs), 134–140, 143, 145,
150, 229, 230, 238, 243, 244
disorders, 139
problems, 133, 150
risk, 134, 135
Carnosic acid, 18, 237
Cartilage degradation, 31
Catabolic mediators, 16
Catalase (CAT), 10, 165, 215, 253, 259, 266
Cationic solid lipid nanoparticles (CSLN),
56, 211
Celastraceae, 34, 110, 199
Celastrol, 20, 34
Cell
activation, 28
apoptosis, 14
cycle, 14
division, 280
line, 18, 53, 66, 70, 73, 74, 92, 93, 121,
162, 164, 219, 280, 281, 311
proliferation, 13, 14, 17, 28, 48, 55, 71,
73, 75, 238, 255, 258, 290
receptors, 177
Cellular
imaging, 189
immune system, 28
macromolecules, 253
mechanisms, 305
signaling pathways, 279
toxicity, 209
Center for,
Biological Evaluations and Research
(CBER), 265
Index
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Device and Radiological Health (CDRH),
265
Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), 265
Veterinary (CVM), 265
Central,
composite,
design (CCD), 210
rotatable design (CCRD), 89, 90, 93
nervous system (CNS), 48, 55, 144, 250,
310, 311
Cephaeline (CPL), 108
Chemokine, 1, 14, 15, 28, 29, 31, 38
receptor 4 (CXCR4), 33, 38
Chemoprevention, 279, 281, 291
Chemosensitization, 159
Chemotherapeutic agents, 70, 122, 240,
278–280, 302
Chemotherapeutics, 72, 101, 106, 290
Chemotherapy, 101, 106, 278, 287, 314
Chitosan (CS), 51, 53, 55, 57, 58, 87, 88,
162, 164, 210, 214, 222, 277, 288, 290,
305, 306, 309
Chondrocytes, 20, 30
Chromenylation, 116
Chronic
disease, 178, 179
heart failure, 134, 140
illness, 183
inflammation, 2
inflammatory
conditions, 177
disease, 178, 179
laryngitis, 37
metabolic disorder, 7
Cirrhosis stage, 12
Clinical trials, 6, 58, 101, 106, 107, 124, 168,
171, 184, 197, 198, 254, 268, 287, 290
Cobra venom factor (CVF), 235
Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), 31–34, 38
Colorectal cancer cells, 49
Commiphora mukul, 136, 139
Committee for,
advanced therapies (CAT), 266
medicinal products for veterinary use
(CVMP), 266
orphan medicinal products (COMP), 266
Committee on herbal medicinal products
(HMPC), 266
Confocal laser scanning microscopy
(CLSM), 214
Congestive heart failure (CHF), 70, 134,
136, 139, 145, 146, 150
Conventional drug therapy, 15
Copper (Cu), 157, 186, 192, 198, 253, 311
Coronary heart disease, 140, 149
Cost-effective therapy, 177
Co-surfactant mixture, 143
Coumaric acid (COA), 234, 235
Council of Scientific and Industrial
Research (CSIR), 190, 268
Covalent bonding, 85
Crataegus oxycantha, 136, 139
Crohn’s disease, 3, 178
Cryoprotectants, 84
Curcuma
aromatica, 12
longa, 5, 16, 17, 30, 34, 43–45, 58, 254
Curcumin (CUR), 5, 12, 13, 16, 17, 28, 30,
34, 38, 43–48, 50–59, 137, 160, 192, 196,
207, 210, 211, 218, 220, 222, 223, 254,
255, 289, 290, 302
encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles, 55
nanoemulsion, 51, 52, 58
nanoformulation application,
cancer, 47
cardiac diseases, 54
CNS disorders, 55
inflammation, 51
microbial infections, 52
other diseases, 57
skin disease, 56
stacked nanocatalysts (CN), 218
Curcuminoids, 30, 58
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), 101
Cyanosis, 106
Cyclodextrin, 46, 66, 85, 86, 194, 208, 308
complex in-vitro/in-vivo effects, 86
inclusion complex, 86
Cyclooxygenase, 14, 28, 29, 37, 69, 70
Cytochrome P (CYPs), 253, 281, 282
Cytokines, 1, 14, 15, 27–29, 34, 38, 53, 69,
115, 159, 179, 180, 191, 193, 198, 261,
280
Cytotoxic
activity, 68, 159, 162
effects, 50, 92, 161, 266
Cytotoxicity, 50, 51, 53, 66, 85, 109–111,
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114, 116–118, 121–123, 162, 212, 214,
220, 290
D
Defense Research and Development Organi-
zation (DRDO), 190
Dendrimers, 92, 208, 250, 255, 302, 305
Detoxification, 148, 237, 281
Diabetes mellitus (DM), 7, 21, 159, 169
Acacia arabica (Babuls), 8
Aegle marmelos (Bengal Quinc, or Bel), 8
Allium
cepa (onion), 8
sativum (garlic), 9
Aloe vera and aloe barbadensis, 9
Azadirachta indica (neem), 9
Capparis decidua, 10
Eugenia jambolana (Indian gooseberry,
jamun), 10
milk thistle, 11
Momordica charantia (bitter gourd), 10
ursolic acid stearoyl glucoside, 11
Diabetic
cardiomyopathy, 48
heart tissue, 48
macular edema, 219
retinopathy rat models, 221
Diarrhea, 34
Diarylheptanoids, 114
Dichloromethane, 117
Diethylnitrosamine (DENA), 13, 287
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC),
86, 210, 212
Digoxin, 139, 145, 146
Dihydrochalcones, 116
dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), 49, 122
Dioleoyl-phosphatidyl-ethanolamine, 78
Directive frameworks, 267
Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs
(DMARDs), 29, 38
Dislipidemia, 136
Dithymoquinone, 157, 171
DLPC (1,2-dilinoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phos-
phocholine), 238
DMBA (7,12-dimethylbenz anthracene),
237, 285, 286
DNA fragmentation, 74, 75, 110
Donor-site morbidity, 73
Dopamine (DA), 160
Doppler, 243
Downregulation, 20, 31, 33, 48, 307
Doxorubicin (DOX), 121, 164, 240, 288,
289, 302
DPPC (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phos-
phocholine), 77
Drug
carrier complex, 182
delivery system, 15, 65, 67, 72, 76, 79,
82, 83, 86, 90, 92, 118, 120, 121, 123,
124, 142, 144, 147, 178, 182, 183, 185,
208–210, 216, 220, 256, 287, 290, 301,
302, 305, 312
loading (DL), 87, 112, 121, 143, 147, 161,
197, 198, 210, 211, 215, 216, 219, 239
molecules, 15, 28, 29, 81, 106, 120, 144,
197
Dyslipidemia, 140, 169
Dyspepsia, 106
E
Echocardiography, 243
Elaeodendron schlechteranum, 110
Elastic micro-vesicular carriers, 219
Electrocardiogram (ECG), 54, 241
Electro-cardiographic oddities, 106
Embryonic stem cell exosomes, 52
Encapsulation effectivity (EE), 84, 85, 93, 211
Endocytosis, 47, 57, 251
Endothelial
adhesiveness, 180
cells, 218, 238, 240, 284
protector, 140
Endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizing
factor (EDHF), 240, 243
Epidemiology, 184
Epidermis, 30, 236
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), 20, 30,
31, 34, 148, 218, 253, 269, 288
Epitheloid cervix carcinoma, 75
Erycibe obtusifolia, 199
Erythrocytes, 10, 138
Escherichia coli (E. coli), 49, 53, 54, 110,
161, 236, 308
Essential oils (EOs), 111, 115, 117, 118, 138,
161, 162, 164, 166, 193, 194, 201, 302
Index
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European
Medicines Agency (EMA), 251, 266, 268
Science Foundation (ESF), 181, 267
Extracellular matrix (ECM), 196, 242, 284
F
Fatty acids, 1, 27, 29, 161, 189, 314
Federation of Indian Chambers of
Commerce and Industry (FICCI), 268
Ferrocene, 85
Ferroportin (Fpn), 122
Ferulic acid (FA), 234, 235
Fetal
cardiac arrhythmias, 146
drug therapy, 147
hydrops, 146
Fibroblast, 30, 78, 196, 242, 308
cell damage, 119
growth factor (FGF), 284, 291
Fine particle fraction (FPF), 58
Flavonoids, 1, 15, 27, 29, 109, 116, 117,
120, 140, 143, 253
Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), 75
Fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), 75
Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 88,
251, 263–266, 302
Four-stream multi-inlet vortex mixer, 91
Fructose-fed rats (FFR), 239
Functional groups, 66, 87, 219
G
Gallic acid (GAE), 109, 117, 200, 253
Gambogic acid (GA), 17, 20, 28, 38
Gamma radiation, 280
Gap-junctional intercellular communication
(GJIC), 14
Garcinia
brasiliensis, 117
hanburyi, 17, 20
morella, 20
Gastrointestinal epithelial cells, 143
Gastro-protective activity, 157
Gelatin/EGCG self-assembly nanoparticles
(GEH-RGD NPs), 218
Gene
delivery, 80, 189
vectors, 188
Genetic
dysfunction, 158
predisposition, 179
Genipin (GP), 210
Genotoxicity, 58, 249, 251, 261, 262
Ginkgo biloba, 6, 18, 139
Glaucoma, 207, 208, 218
Gleditsia sinensis extract (GSE), 12, 17
Glomerular filtration membrane, 259
Glomerulonephritis, 107
Glucocorticoids (GCs), 28, 236
Glutathione (GSH), 34, 215, 253, 269, 311
Gold nanoparticles, 162, 191
Gram
negative bacteria, 54
positive bacteria, 54
Green
chemistry, 191
fluorescence, 51
synthesis, 191
tea,
catechins, 148, 149
extract (GTE), 20, 149
H
HeLa cells, 51, 74
Helminthiasis, 138
Hepatocarcinogenesis, 12, 13
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 11–13,
17, 18, 71, 74
Hepatoprotective activity, 157, 167, 312
Hepatotoxicity, 79, 166
Herbal
compounds, 142, 191, 196
drug, 3, 133, 134, 136, 140–143, 145,
148–150, 155, 158, 178, 193, 302
conventional delivery problem, 141
development challenges, 4
limitation, 149
extracts, 161, 209
medicines, 1, 3, 4, 10, 11, 21, 139, 142,
155, 178, 197, 198, 269
nanomedicine products regulation, 268
pharmacotherapy challenges
therapy, 184
toxicity, 184
Herbosomes, 143
Hesperidin, 16, 28, 30, 34, 38, 196
High
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content screening (HCS), 262, 263, 269
fat cholesterol diet (HFCD), 163, 165
throughput screening (HTS), 262, 263
Homogenization, 85, 167, 308, 309, 314
Human
chondrocytes, 16, 30
clinical trials, 80, 305
colon carcinoma-derived cells, 75
colorectal cell line, 75
epidermal keratinocytes, 78
HCC cell line (HepG2), 13, 14, 18, 74,
93, 282, 285
normal lung cells, 75
umbilical vein endothelial cells
(HUVEC), 75, 218, 238
Hyaluronic acid (HA), 52, 87, 214, 217,
218, 221, 223
Hybrid nanoparticles, 54
Hydration technique, 91, 112
Hydrogel, 52, 56, 210, 217
loaded curcumin nanoparticle (Cur-NP/
HG), 56
Hydrogen peroxide, 18, 120, 253, 254, 261
Hydrolysis, 185
Hydrophilic
drug, 142
molecules, 144
Hydrophobic
agents, 216
compounds, 305
drug, 142, 144, 213
interfaces, 111
Hydrophobicity, 162, 304, 305
Hydrothermal conditions, 85
Hydroxy monocarboxylic acid, 66
Hydroxyl radicals, 236, 261
Hypercholesterolemia, 141, 169
Hyperhomocysteinemia, 141
Hyperlipidemia, 134, 139, 140
Hyperphosphorylation, 49
Hyperpigmentation, 56
Hypertension (HTN), 54, 134, 136, 138–141,
148, 169, 218, 230, 239, 240, 301–303
Hypertrophy, 141, 239, 242
Hypoglycemia, 8
Hypoglycemic activity, 8–10, 19
Hypotension, 147
I
IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), 29
Imberbic acid, 73
Imiquimod (IMQ), 56
Immune cells, 2, 179
Immunogenicity, 73, 251
Immunohistochemistry assays, 73
Immunomodulation, 256, 303
Immunotoxicity, 251, 261
In situ gels (ISG), 215, 216
In vitro pharmacological properties, 280
in vivo correlation (IVIC), 263, 269
In vivo
activities, 88, 171
assay, 90
Draize test, 90
experiments, 72
Indazole ring, 157
Indole alkaloids, 107, 108
Inflammation, 2–4, 14, 20, 28, 29, 31, 36,
37, 43, 48, 51, 69, 90, 158, 159, 162, 170,
178–180, 195, 196, 232, 236, 250, 254,
258–261, 277, 279, 280, 290, 302, 304
Inflammatory
biomarkers, 1, 27, 28, 30, 38
bowel disease, 3, 29, 178
cells, 31, 257
conditions, 183, 191, 198
diseases, 3, 14, 52, 302, 310
inducers, 179, 180
mediators, 14, 15, 17, 27, 29, 30, 34, 179,
180, 191
Inhibits NO synthase (iNOS), 14, 20, 30,
31, 34, 35
Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), 165
Interferon (IFN), 109, 114, 158, 159, 162,
258
Interleukin (ILs), 1, 47, 159, 311
International
Labor Organization (ILO), 2
Organization for Standardization (ISO),
266
Intramuscular injection, 147
Intramuscularly (I.M), 106
Intraperitoneal (I.P), 13, 16, 17, 20, 29, 31,
71, 120, 253
Intravenous (IV), 79–81, 234, 235, 242, 267
Intravenously (I.V), 77, 79, 106, 120
Index
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Inula racemosa, 136, 139, 141
Iron (Fe), 157, 158, 253, 255, 267
Ischemia-reperfusion (IR), 52, 210, 218,
219, 239
Isocephaeline (ICP), 108
Isoelectric point, 111
Isoflavones, 135
Isoprene units, 66
Isoproterenol (ISO), 54
Isoquinoline alkaloids, 107, 157
Isothiocyanates (ITCs), 255
K
Keto groups, 45
Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), 54
Kinins, 37
Klaivanolide (KVL), 113
Korsmeyer-Peppas model, 187
Kupffer cell, 50
L
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), 19, 75, 165,
258, 260
Langerhans cells, 33
Layer by layer (LBL), 121
Layered double hydroxides (LDH), 75, 165,
208, 258, 260
Leishmania
parasites, 104, 105, 123, 124
protozoal parasite, 106
species, 114
Leishmaniasis, 101–103, 106–108, 117,
119–124
Lethal disease, 124
Leukemic monocytemacrophage cells, 74
Leukocytes, 37, 196, 261
Ligand moiety, 145
Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL), 266
Lipid
molecules, 207
nanocarriers, 161
peroxidation (LPO), 6, 10, 57, 163, 215,
237, 238, 240, 256, 259, 282
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 32, 33
Lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1
(LRP1), 165
Liposomes, 46, 47, 53, 55, 57, 65, 66, 76–79,
90, 92, 93, 102, 119–122, 142–144, 178,
188, 193, 197, 208, 212–215, 223, 250,
256, 265, 302, 305, 306, 309, 313
in-vitro effects, 78
in-vivo effects, 78
Lipoxygenase (LOX), 1, 15, 28, 29, 34, 35
Liquid-crystalline liposomal membrane, 78
Long-term kinetic stability, 143
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), 139, 149,
165, 239, 311
Lutein delivery systems, 217
Lymph nodes (LNs), 32, 33, 56, 65, 76, 83,
122, 144, 197, 256
Lymphocytes, 28, 110, 121, 191, 256
Lymphomas, 29
Lysosomal membrane, 72
Lysosomes, 72
M
Macrophages, 28, 104, 109, 112, 115,
117–122, 179, 191, 257, 281
Macular degeneration, 216, 219
Malondialdehyde (MDA), 50, 74, 79, 93,
165, 167, 253, 284, 285, 310
Marigold extract (ME), 161
Mass median aerodynamic diameter
(MMAD), 58
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), 12, 14,
16, 28, 30–32, 34, 35, 161, 195, 196, 201,
284, 285
Medicinal
herbs, 5, 66, 138
plants, 3, 4, 137, 139, 155, 183, 196
Melanin, 158, 236
Melanoma tumor growth, 47
Mesoporous bioglass (MBG), 87, 88
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), 148, 150, 239
Metallic nanoparticles, 178, 191, 255
Metalloproteinase, 14, 284
Metformin, 167, 168, 310
Methylcellulose (MC), 57, 214, 217
Micellar systems, 143
Michael addition, 254
Microdialysis, 212
Microemulsions, 142–144, 197, 256
Micronutrients, 36
Microspheres, 48, 87, 88, 197, 305
Mitochondrial
membrane, 72, 111, 113, 118, 239
vacuolization, 167
Molecular
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docking assays, 110
dynamics model, 211
effects, 148
interaction, 3
mass, 45
weight, 89, 185, 219
Momordica charantia, 10, 19
Monocrotaline (MCT), 54
Mononuclear
blood cells, 116
phagocyte system, 120
Monoterpenes, 107
Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL), 102,
103
Multi-drug resistance, 312
Myeloperoxidase (MPO), 165
Myocardial
fibrosis, 48
infarction, 134, 140, 141, 241
ischemia, 140
Myristic acid-chitosan (MA-chitosan), 162
N
Nano micelles, 302
Nanobiotechnology, 191, 269
Nanocapsules (NCs), 83, 102, 121, 167,
168, 194, 217, 310
Nanocarrier, 51, 79, 93, 145, 161, 162, 167,
178, 181, 185–188, 194, 197, 198, 213,
217, 218, 249, 256, 265, 287, 288, 301,
305, 306
Nanocosmetics, 314
Nanocrystal technology, 147
Nano-curcumin, 47, 54
Nanodelivery system, 43, 197
Nanodrug delivery system, 198
Nano-emulsification, 149
Nanoemulsion (NE), 47–49, 51, 52, 58, 82,
83, 118, 143, 144, 160–166, 194, 207,
216, 217, 250, 302, 307
Nanoformulation, 44–48, 51, 53, 55–59,
164, 165, 167, 119, 120, 157, 158, 161,
163, 167, 168, 171, 185, 207, 208,
219, 223, 267, 277, 288, 291, 301, 302,
306–315
Nanoliposomes, 55, 79–81, 92, 122, 305
Nanomaterials (NMs), 181, 182, 184,
186–188, 198, 250–252, 255–258,
260–266, 268
Nanomatrix, 307
Nanomedicine, 1, 15, 101, 121, 124, 177,
178, 181, 182, 187, 190–198, 201, 210,
249–251, 255, 262–265, 267–269
Nanometer scale, 83, 141
Nanoparticles (NPs), 46, 49, 51, 52, 54–56,
69, 89, 90, 102, 119, 121, 122, 218, 219,
222, 256, 257, 259
Nanoprecipitation, 148, 167, 289, 308
Nanoproducts, 265
Nanoscale, 134, 141, 181, 182, 238, 249,
261, 269
science, engineering, and technology
(NSET), 265
Nanosize, 44, 79, 141, 145, 181, 214, 215,
218, 256
Nano-sized clinoptilolite (NCLN), 163, 165
Nanospheres (NSs), 55, 83, 121, 217
Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), 47, 65,
76, 144, 161–164, 167, 193, 194, 209,
210, 222, 223, 312
loaded with quercetin (QN-NLC), 210, 222
Nanostructures system, 182, 190
Nano-suspensions, 91, 93
Nanosystems, 76, 190, 191, 249
Nanotechnology, 65–67, 76, 91, 124, 133,
134, 141, 144–146, 150, 181, 184, 191,
195, 196, 201, 208, 250, 252, 255, 262,
264–266, 268, 269, 301, 314
bioglass (BGS) scaffolds, 87
cyclodextrins inclusion complex, 85
liposomes, 77
nanoemulsions, 81
nanoliposomes, 79
nanoparticles, 83
poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), 88
task force (NTF), 265
use for overcoming delivery problems, 142
Nano-therapy, 80
Nanothymoquinone (NTQ), 162, 167
Nanotoxicology, 182
Nanotubes, 102, 123, 186
National
Health and Nutrition Examination
(NHANES), 230
Index
https://t.me/medicina_free
Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI), 265
N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN), 12
Neocryptolepine (NCL), 109, 268
Neovascularization (NV), 218, 219, 221
Nephritic syndrome, 107
Nephrotoxicity, 255
Neuroprotective
activity, 158
effects, 165, 171
therapy, 218
Neurotransmitter acetylcholine, 5
Neutrophils, 104, 260
New drug application (NDA), 266
Nigella sativa (NS), 15, 17, 29, 34, 155,
156, 163, 169, 171, 301–303, 315
applications, 157
bacterial infection effect, 161
diabetic disorder effect, 167
fungal infection effect, 168
hepatic disorders effects, 165
immune system and cancers effect, 162
inflammation effect, 160
nervous disorders effects, 165
oxidant activities effect, 163
chemical composition, 157
oil (NSO), 160, 163, 166, 170
pharmacognostic characteristics, 156
pharmacological potential, 157
seeds essential oil (NSSEO), 161
Nigellicimine-N-oxide, 157
Nigellidine, 157, 171
Niosomes, 48, 77, 90–92, 223, 305, 309
N-isopropyl acrylamide, 55, 167
Nitric oxide (NO), 1, 14–16, 20, 27–30, 32,
34, 35, 38, 70, 109, 115, 139, 159, 237,
239, 240, 243, 281, 312
Nitroblue tetrazolium, 75
N-methylglucamine (NMG), 108
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
(NSAIDs), 20, 28, 37, 184
Novel
bioactive molecules, 120
delivery, 69, 142, 148, 149, 208
drug delivery, 15, 124, 142, 147, 178, 290
nano-drug carrier systems, 181
N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC), 214–216
Nuclear
factor-Kβ (NF-Kβ), 1, 28, 32
membrane, 261
morphology, 48
scale, 13
O
Ocular
anti-inflammatory treatment, 90
delivery, 69, 207, 211–213, 219, 223
gel, 208
hypertension (OHT), 218
irritation index (OII), 90, 93
tissues, 89, 90
Office of regulatory affairs (ORA), 265
Oleanolic acid (OA), 7, 18, 32, 66, 82, 85, 86
Ophthalmic
delivery system, 85
disease, 209
Optical emission spectrometry, 258
Organization for Economic Co-operation
and Development (OECD), 266
Orthopedics, 73, 88, 182
Orthotopic mouse model, 58
Oryzalin (OZ), 122
Osteoarthritis, 15, 29, 36, 37, 179, 183, 192,
195, 196
Osteoblast-associated protein expression, 76,
88
Osteoconductivity, 76, 87
Osteogenic
capacity, 87
drugs, 87
Ovariectomized (OVX), 6
Oxidative
damage, 18, 239, 253
stress, 10, 55, 158, 160, 162, 167, 214,
238, 240, 242, 256, 259, 281, 290,
310–312
index (OSI), 167
P
P-aminophenyl-1-thio-β-D-
galactopyranoside, 167
Pancreatic beta cells, 9
Papillary or nodular (PN), 255
Parthenolide (PTN), 111
Partial optic nerve transaction (PONT), 218
Pathogenesis, 28, 165, 179, 196
Pediatric Committee (PDCO), 266
https://t.me/medicina_free
Penta block (PB), 219, 287
Pentacyclic triterpenes, 92
Pentalinonsterol (PEN), 114
Pentavalent antimonial drugs, 106
Periodontitis, 2, 170
Peripheral polyarthritis, 179
P-glycoprotein transporter-mediated active
transport, 68
pH, 45, 78, 85, 89, 158, 164, 182, 186, 210,
214, 251, 288
Phagocytosis, 32
Pharmacokinetics (PKs), 43, 53, 67, 68, 72,
76, 79, 93, 142, 148, 211, 212, 223, 234,
253, 305
analysis, 48
functions, 145
parameters, 67, 68, 79, 141, 144, 233, 256
problems, 142
profiles, 119, 134, 144
properties, 68, 197
Pharmacological effects, 16, 140, 142, 280
Pharmacotherapy, 14, 38, 136, 183, 196, 201
Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), 255
Phenolic complexes, 107, 120
Phenotype, 32, 263
Phlebotomine sandflies bite, 102
Phosphatidic acid (PA), 119
Phosphatidyl choline (PC), 74, 119, 121,
143, 164, 213, 281, 286
Phosphatidylserine (PS), 32, 121, 213
Phospholipids, 77, 84, 91, 119, 188, 189,
212, 214
Phosphorylation, 32, 70, 159, 283, 284
Photoactive liposomes, 121
Photodegradation, 47, 306
Phytochemicals, 4, 67, 69, 76, 252
Phytocompounds, 119
Phytoconstituents, 1, 5, 15, 17–19, 27, 29,
34, 101–103, 123, 124, 196, 207–210,
213, 223
novel ocular drug delivery systems, 209
emulsions, 216
lipid nanomedicines, 209
liposomes, 212
micelles, 220
polymeric nanoparticles, 217
snaplastics, 219
Phytoestrogen, 279
Phytomedicine, 207, 278, 291, 315
Phytoscience, 120
Phytosomes, 178, 214
Phytotherapeutics, 196, 198
Placebo groups, 6
Plant-derived metabolites, 123, 124
Plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), 33
Poloxamer, 84, 85, 210, 215, 288
Poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO), 217
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), 56, 88
Polyethylene, 50, 78, 146, 164, 220
glycol (PEG), 49, 52, 78, 93, 146, 163,
164, 194, 219, 220, 263, 277, 288–290
Polygonum, 16, 30
Polyherbal systems, 142
Polylactic acid (PLA), 52, 54, 217, 219,
288, 289
Polylacticco-glycolic acid (PLGA), 48, 49,
55, 56, 85, 88–90, 92, 121, 122, 147, 164,
193, 194, 222, 277, 288, 289, 307, 308,
310
Polylactide (PLA), 119
Polymer, 88, 92, 148, 163, 186, 250, 263,
277, 288, 305
architecture, 55
drug matrix, 89
Polymeric
colloids, 186
matrix, 186, 217
nanogels, 186
nanoparticles, 50, 83, 92, 146, 147, 185,
208, 217, 265, 287
network, 217
Polyphenolic
compound, 16, 17, 30, 237
group, 240
Polyphenols, 28, 29, 38, 109, 238, 287, 288
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), 250
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), 163, 164, 263
Pomegranate extracts (PE), 29
Posterior area drug delivery, 208
Potential
delivery system, 143
health benefits, 148, 252
Premarket approval (PMA), 266
Processing, γ-secretases of presenilin 1
(PSEN1), 165
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