optimal cure. We have a debatable area, for example, mesh positioning or mesh technology; from the position of the mesh intraperitoneally to rertomuscular or preperitonela, from the charac­teristic of synthetic mesh, the so-called light­weight to large pore, to the woven characteristic in terms of simple knitted or 3D fabric. Semi­synthetic or partially absorbable are still under discussion, and the indication and when-to-use of biological mesh are still open issues. We should probably focus more on the nature and etiology of the disease to nd the best cure. We have sev­eral types of surgical repair and hundreds of meshes to choose, but more information on the metabolic and biochemical changes in patients with hernias are needed. The role of collagen, matrix metalloproteinases, protease metabolism, nutritional deciencies, wound healing process and the error in remodelling need to be investi­gated to nd the ultimate best repair for all kinds of hernia. Probably the simple use of mesh is not enough to guarantee a denite cure to all hernia diseases.