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Instrumentation complications (cont.)
concave thoracoplasty, 128, 129−130
double major curves, posterior scoliosis
correction, 153, 154, 155
en-bloc (“trap-door”) lumbar spine
laminectomy, 208
King II curves, posterior correction, 145,
146−151
lumbar pedicle fixation, 217
neuromuscular pelvic obliquity, domino
technique, 173, 174
posterior cervical laminectomy and fu-
sion, 44, 45
posterior cervical plating, 62, 65
posterior scoliosis correction
King V/double thoracic curves, 156,
157−158
pedicle screw insertion, 164
Scheuermann’s kyphosis, anterior re-
lease and posterior instrumentation,
114−117, 115−116
thoracic scoliosis, Kaneda anterior
scoliosis system (KASS), 140−144,
141−143
thoracic scoliosis, anterior correction
and instrumentation, 122, 123−127
Interbody fusion, thoracic disc disease, ret-
ropleural surgical technique, 94
Interfragmentary compression principle,
odontoid fixation, 16, 21
Interoperative trough, multiple-level cervi-
cal vertebrectomy and stabilization, 36,
38
K
Kaneda anterior scoliosis system (KASS),
anterior correction of thoracic scoliosis,
140−144, 141−143
Kerrison punch, sublaminar wire passage,
thoracolumbar spine, 57, 60
Kerrison rongeur
en-bloc (“trap-door”) lumbar spine
laminectomy, 208, 209−210
far lateral surgical approach, cervical
spine surgery, 27, 28
microdiscectomy, 200, 201−202, 203−
204
sublaminar wire passage, 186, 188−189
Kerrison “up-cut” technique, anterior
odontoid resection, 13, 14
Kidney rest, pedicle subtraction
osteotomy, 233, 234
King II curves, posterior correction, 145,
146−151
King V/double thoracic curves
pedicle screws, posterior scoliosis cor-
rection, 159−164, 160−163
posterior scoliosis correction, 156, 157−
158
K-wires, odontoid fixation, 16, 19−20
Kyphoplasty, osteoporotic vertebral frac-
tures, 79−84, 80−83
Kyphosis
extrapedicular screw placement, 91, 92−
93
osteoporotic vertebral fractures, kypho-
plasty, 79, 81−83, 84
osteotomy guidelines, ankylosing
spondylitis, 227−232, 228−231
posterior column shortening, 107−113,
108−112
thoracic pedicle screws, 86−90, 87−89
L
Laminectomy
en-bloc (“trap-door”) lumbar spine
laminectomy, 208−211, 209−210
multilevel laminectomy, cervical
spondylolytic myelopathy, 47
pedicle subtraction osteotomy, 233,
234
repeat microdiscectomy and, 204
Laminoplasty procedures
cervical laminoplasty, 40, 41−42, 43
open-door cervical spondylolytic my-
elopathy, 47, 48−50, 51
Laminotomy, sublaminar wire passage,
186, 188−189
Lateral mass plating, posterior cervical
plating, 62, 64
Lateral surgical techniques, far lateral dis-
cectomy, 205, 206−207
Lordosis
lumbar lordosis, hook patterns, 195,
196−197
thoracolumbar idiopathic scoliosis, api-
cal overcorrection, 198, 199
Lower cervical spine, Rogers wiring tech-
nique, 54, 58
Lumbar lordosis, hook patterns for preser-
vation of, 195, 196−197
Lumbar spine
anterior lumbar interbody fusion, 237−
241, 238−239
corpectomy guidelines, 218−221, 219−
220
en-bloc (“trap-door”) laminectomy, 208−
211, 209−210
fractures, posterior decompression, 258−
262, 259−261
modifier, adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
classification, 118, 118−120, 121
osteotomy guidelines, ankylosing
spondylitis, 227−232, 228−231
pedicle fixation, 212, 213−216, 217
total lumbar disc replacement, SB III
Charite prosthesis, 245−249, 246−248
transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,
242, 243−244
M
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion
(ACCF), 29, 30
anterior cervical disc surgery, 66, 67, 68
anterior odontoid resection, 10
cervical spondylolytic myelopathy,
open-door laminoplasty, 47, 49
far lateral discectomy, 205, 206
metastatic disease, anteroposterior
decompression and stabilization,
transpedicular approach, 252−254,
255
posterior cervical laminectomy and fu-
sion, 44, 45
posterior surgical approach, thoracic
disc disease, 101, 103
revision disc surgery, 69−71, 70
thoracic spine, congenital deformity, 175
Mayfield head rest
odontoid fixation, 16, 18
open-door laminoplasty, cervical
spondylolytic myelopathy, 47
Metastatic disease
anteroposterior decompression and sta-
bilization, transpedicular technique,
250−255, 251−254
thoracic tumor or infection, vertebral
corpectomy, 97, 98−99, 100
Microdiscectomy, instrumentation and
techniques, 200, 201−202, 203−204
Multiple-level cervical vertebrectomy, sta-
bilization with cortical bone, 36−39, 37−
38
Myelopathy, thoracic disc disease, retro-
pleural approach, 94, 95−96
N
Nerve root decompression, posterior cervi-
cal laminectomy and fusion, 44, 45
Neural navigation systems, anterior odon-
toid resection, 10, 11
Neuromuscular pelvic obliquity, domino
technique for, 173, 174
Nonunion procedures, odontoid fixation,
16
O
Oblique facet wiring technique, 56, 59−60
Oblique fractures, anterior caudal to poste-
rior cranial, odontoid fixation, 16, 21
Occipitocervical junction
decompression and fusion, 3−9, 4−6
posterior cervical plating, 62, 64
posterior wiring techniques, 52−60, 53−
57
Odontoid fracture
Brooks spinal wiring technique, 52, 54,
58
fixation techniques, 16−22
Odontoid resectioning, anterior approach,
10−14, 11−13
Open-door laminoplasty, cervical spondy-
lolytic myelopathy, 47, 48−50, 51
Open-door maxillotomy
anterior odontoid resection, 13, 14
cranial cervical junction (CCJ) decom-
pression and fusion, 3, 6, 7
Osteoperiosteal flap, thoracic scoliosis,
vertebral resection, 182, 183
Osteophytectomy, anterior cervical disc
surgery, 68
■
280
INDEX
Eurostile
Osteoporotic vertebral fractures, vertebro-
plasty and kyphoplasty, 79−84, 80−83
Osteotomy
ankylosing spondylitis, 227−232, 228−
231
pedicle subtraction, guidelines and pro-
tocols, 233−236, 234−235
Smith-Peterson technique, 222−226,
223−225
P
Palate retraction, anterior odontoid resec-
tion, 13, 14
Paramedian retroperitoneal approach,
anterior threaded cage revision surgery,
263−267, 265−266
Pars interarticularis, spondylolysis repair
and disssection of, 256, 257
Patient positioning
anterior cervical disc surgery, 66, 67, 68
anterior cervical thoracic fixation, 72
anterior odontoid resection, 14
anterior threaded cage revision surgery,
263−267, 264−266
cervical thoracic fixation, 75, 76
cranial cervical junction (CCJ) decom-
pression and fusion, 7
metastatic disease, anteroposterior
decompression and stabilization,
transpedicular approach, 250, 251
multiple-level cervical vertebrectomy
and stabilization, 36, 37
odontoid fixation, 16, 18
open-door laminoplasty, cervical
spondylolytic myelopathy, 47
osteoporotic vertebral fractures, kypho-
plasty, 84
osteotomy guidelines, ankylosing
spondylitis, 227−232, 228−231
pedicle fixation, 212, 214−215
posterior cervical laminectomy and fu-
sion, 44, 45
posterior cervical plating technique, 62,
63
posterior cervical thoracic fixation, 72
revision disc surgery, 69−71, 70
Smith-Peterson osteotomy, 226
spondylolysis repair, 256, 257
thoracic disc disease, retropleural ap-
proach, 94, 95−96
thoracic pedicle screw insertion, 86−90,
87−89
thoracic scoliosis, Kaneda anterior
scoliosis system (KASS), 140−144,
141−143
total lumbar disc replacement, SB III
Charite prosthesis, 245−249, 246−248
transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,
242
Pedicle fixation
lumbar region, 212, 213−216, 217
pedicle subtraction osteotomy, 233−236,
234−235
Pedicle hooks, Scheuermann’s kyphosis,
anterior release and posterior instrumentation, 116, 117
Pedicle removal, lumbar fracture decom-
pression, posterior technique, 258−262,
259−261
Pedicle screws
lumbar pedicle fixation, 212, 214−216,
217
metastatic disease, anteroposterior
decompression and stabilization,
transpedicular approach, 254, 255
osteotomy guidelines, ankylosing
spondylitis, 227−232, 228−231
scoliosis, posterior correction, 159−164,
160−163
spondylolisthesis reduction, trans-
foraminal lumbar interbody fusion
and, 268−272, 269−271
thoracic pedicle screw insertion, 86−90,
87−89
Penfield, Woodson elevator, open-door
laminoplasty, cervical spondylolytic myelopathy, 47, 51
Penfield dissectors, sublaminar wire pas-
sage, 186, 188−189
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
(PEG), anterior odontoid resection, 14
Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)
lumbar corpectomy, 220, 221
metastatic disease, anteroposterior
decompression and stabilization,
transpedicular approach, 250, 253−
254, 255
osteoporotic vertebral fractures, verte-
broplasty and kypohplasty, 79, 80
Posterior cervical plating technique, 62,
63−64, 65
Posterior spinal fusion (PSF)
convex thoracoplasty and, 131, 132−133,
134
Crankshaft phenomenon prevention and
treatment, 179, 180−181
Posterior surgical techniques
C1-C2 fusion, posterior screw fixation,
23−26
cranial cervical junction (CCJ) decom-
pression and fusion, 3, 6, 7−8
lumbar fracture decompression, 258−
262, 259−261
posterior cervical laminectomy and fu-
sion, 44−46, 45
Scheuermann’s kyphosis
instrumentation and fusion, 114−117,
115−116
posterior column shortening, 107−113,
108−112
scoliosis
double major curves, 153, 154, 155
King II curves, posterior correction,
145, 146−151
King V/double thoracic curves, 156,
157−158
pedicle screw insertion, 159−164, 160−
163
thoracic scoliosis, vertebral resection,
182−185, 183−184
thoracic disc disease, 101−106, 102−105
Posterolateral spondylodesis, thoracic
pedicle screw insertion, 86, 89
Postoperative care
anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion
(ACCF), 35
anterior cervical thoracic fixation, 76
anterior lumbar interbody fusion, 241
anterior odontoid resection, 14
anterior thoracoplasty, 139
anterior thoracoscopic release, 168
anterior threaded cage revision surgery,
267
anteroposterior hemivertebrectomy with
sublaminar fixation, 178
Bohlman’s triple-wire technique, 59
Brooks spinal wiring technique, 58
C1-C2 fusion, posterior screw fixation,
23, 26
coccygectomy, 273, 274−275
concave thoracoplasty, 128, 129−130
convex thoracoplasty, 134
cranial cervical junction (CCJ) decom-
pression and fusion, 8
Crankshaft phenomenon prevention and
treatment, 179, 180−181
Dewar fusion procedure, 56, 59
domino technique, neuromuscular pel-
vic obliquity, 173, 174
double major curves, posterior scoliosis
correction, 155
en-bloc (“trap-door”) lumbar spine
laminectomy, 211
far lateral discectomy, 205
Gallie upper cervical spine wiring, 52,
53
lumbar corpectomy, 221
lumbar fracture decompression, poste-
rior technique, 262
lumbar pedicle fixation, 217
metastatic disease, anteroposterior
decompression and stabilization,
transpedicular approach, 254, 255
microdiscectomy, 204
multiple-level cervical vertebrectomy
and stabilization, 39
oblique facet wiring, 60
occipital-cervical spine wiring, Wer-
theim-Bohlman technique, 52, 53
odontoid fixation, 22
open-door laminoplasty, cervical
spondylolytic myelopathy, 51
osteotomy guidelines, ankylosing
spondylitis, 232
pedicle subtraction osteotomy, 236
posterior cervical laminectomy and fu-
sion, 46
posterior cervical plating, 65
posterior cervical thoracic fixation, 72
posterior column shortening, Scheuer-
mann’s kyphosis, 113
posterior scoliosis correction
King V/double thoracic curves, 156,
157−158
pedicle screw insertion, 163, 164
posterior surgical approach, thoracic
disc disease, 106
revision disc surgery, 71
Rogers wiring technique, 58
Scheuermann’s kyphosis, anterior re-
lease and posterior instrumentation,
117
Smith-Peterson osteotomy, 226
Eurostile
INDEX
281
■
Postoperative care (cont.)
spinal process median splitting lamino-
plasty, 40, 43
spondylolisthesis reduction, pedicle
screw fixation and transforaminal
lumbar interbody fusion, 272
spondylolysis repair, 256
subaxial cervical sublamiinar wiring, 55,
59
sublaminar wire passage, thoracolumbar
spine, 57, 60
thoracic scoliosis
accordion procedure, rigid thoracic
scoliosis, 169, 170−172
anterior correction and instrumenta-
tion, 122, 123−127
Kaneda anterior scoliosis system
(KASS), 144
vertebral resection, 185
thoracolumbar idiopathic scoliosis, api-
cal overcorrection, 198, 199
total lumbar disc replacement, SB III
Charite prosthesis, 249
transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,
242
vertebral corpectomy, thoracic tumor or
infection, 100
Preoperative preparation and assessment
adolescent idiopathic scoliosis classifi-
cation, 121
anterior odontoid resection, 10, 11, 14
anterior thoracoscopic release, 165, 166−
167, 168
cranial cervical junction (CCJ) decom-
pression and fusion, 7
open-door laminoplasty, cervical
spondylolytic myelopathy, 47
osteoporotic vertebral fractures, verte-
broplasty and kypohplasty, 79
pedicle fixation, 212, 213
posterior surgical approach, thoracic
disc disease, 101−106, 102−105
R
Radiographic imaging
adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, struc-
tural criteria, 118, 118
anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion
(ACCF) and extent of, 33, 34
C1-C2 fusion, posterior screw fixation,
23, 25
intraoperative neurologic monitoring,
pedicle screws, posterior scoliosis cor-
rection, 159−164, 160−163
pedicle subtraction osteotomy, 233, 234
posterior cervical laminectomy and fu-
sion, 44, 45
Smith-Peterson osteotomy, 222, 223−224
spinal process median splitting lamino-
plasty, 40, 41
Retraction systems
anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion
(ACCF), 34
anterior cervical disc surgery, 66, 68
anterior lumbar interbody fusion, 237,
240
cranial cervical junction (CCJ) decom-
pression and fusion, 5−6, 7
lumbar corpectomy, 221
microdiscectomy, 200, 201−202, 203−
204
multiple-level cervical vertebrectomy
and stabilization, 36
transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,
242, 243−244
Retropleural surgical technique, thoracic
disc disease, 94, 95−96
Revision disc surgery, 69−71, 70
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
anterior odontoid resection, 10
cranial cervical junction (CCJ) decom-
pression and fusion, 3
Rib resectioning
anterior thoracoplasty, 135−139, 136−138
convex thoracoplasty, 131, 132−133, 134
Rib strut graft, retropleural surgical tech-
nique, thoracic disc disease, 94, 95
Rigid thoracic scoliosis, accordion pro-
cedure for management of, 169, 170−172
“Ring of steel,” anterior odontoid resec-
tion, 13, 14
Rogers wiring technique
lower cervical spine fixation, 54, 58
oblique facet wiring in conjunction
with, 60
S
Sagittal thoracic modifier, adolescent id-
iopathic scoliosis classification, 121
SB III Charite prosthesis, total lumbar disc
replacement, 245−249, 246−248
Scheuermann’s kyphosis
anterior release and fusion, 114−117,
115−116
extrapedicular screw placement, 91, 92−
93
posterior column shortening, 107−113,
108−112
posterior instrumentation and fusion,
114−117, 115−116
thoracic pedicle screw insertion, 86, 87−
89
Scoliosis
adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, classifi-
cation system, 118, 118−120, 121
lumbar lordosis, hook patterns for, 195,
196−197
posterior correction
double major curves, 153, 154, 155
King II curves, 145, 146−151
King V/double thoracic curves, 156,
157−158
pedicle screws, 159−164, 160−163
stiff thoracic scoliosis, concave thoraco-
plasty, 128, 129−130
thoracic scoliosis
accordion procedure, rigid thoracic
scoliosis, 169, 170−172
anterior correction and instrumenta-
tion, 122, 123−127
anterior thoracoscopic release, 165,
166−167, 168
Kaneda anterior scoliosis system
(KASS), 140−144, 141−143
vertebral resection, 182−185, 183−184
thoracolumbar idiopathic scoliosis, api-
cal overcorrection, 198, 199
Scott wiring techique, 57, 60
Semispinal muscle attachment, spinal
process median splitting laminoplasty,
40, 42
Single-screw techniques, odontoid fixa-
tion, 16, 19
Smith-Peterson osteotomy, guidelines and
protocols, 222−226, 223−225
Smith-Robinson retropharyngeal technique
anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion
(ACCF), 29, 31
odontoid fixation, 16
Spinal cord decompression, posterior cer-
vical laminectomy and fusion, 44, 45
Spinal cord injury, anteroposterior
hemivertebrectomy with sublaminar
fixation, complications of, 178
Spinal fixation, posterior wiring tech-
niques, 52−60, 53−57
Spinal process median splitting lamino-
plasty, cervical myelopathy, 40, 41−42,
43
Spinous process wiring, posterior cervical
laminectomy and fusion, 46
Spondylolisthesis, reduction, pedicle
screw fixation, transforaminal lumbar
interbody fusion and, 268−272, 269−271
Spondylolysis
repair guidelines, 256, 257
spondylolytic myelopathy, open door
laminoplasty, 47, 48−50, 51
Steinmann pins
Dewar fusion procedure, 56, 59
metastatic disease, anteroposterior
decompression and stabilization,
transpedicular approach, 250, 253−
254, 255
Sternal splitting, anterior cervical thoracic
fixation, 72, 73−74, 76
Sternocleidomastoid (SCM), anterior cervi-
cal corpectomy and fusion (ACCF), 29,
30−31, 34
Stiff thoracic scoliosis, concave thoraco-
plasty, 128, 129−130
Structural grafts or cages, Scheuermann’s
kyphosis, anterior release and posterior
instrumentation, 114−117, 115−116
Subaxial cervical sublamiinar wiring, 55, 59
Sublaminar fixation, congenital spinal
deformity, anteroposterior hemiverte-
brectomy and, 175−178, 176−177
Sublaminar wire passage
technique and protocols, 186−191, 187−
190
thoracolumbar spine, 57, 60
Surgical techniques. See also specific
procedures, e.g. Fusion techniques,
■
282
INDEX
Eurostile
Laminectomy, Wiring techniques
spinal process median splitting lamino-
plasty, 40, 41−42, 43
Suture techniques
anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion
(ACCF), 33, 34
open-door laminoplasty, cervical
spondylolytic myelopathy, 51
T
Thoracic disc disease
posterior techniques, 101−106, 102−105
retropleural approach, 94, 95−96
Thoracic scoliosis
anterior correction and instrumentation,
122, 123−127
anterior thoracoscopic release, 165, 166−
167, 168
concave thoracoplasty, 128, 129−130
Kaneda anterior scoliosis system
(KASS), 140−144, 141−143
rigid thoracic scoliosis, accordion pro-
cedure, 169, 170−172
vertebral resection, 182−185, 183−184
Thoracic spine
congenital deformity, vertebrectomy,
175−178, 176−177
extrapedicular screw placement, 92,
131, 132−133, 13491−93
pedicle screw insertion, surgical tech-
niques, 86−90, 87−89
Scheuermann’s kyphosis, posterior
column shortening, 110, 113
Thoracic tumor or infection, vertebral cor-
pectomy, 97, 98−99, 100
Thoracolumbar idiopathic scoliosis, apical
overcorrection, 198, 199
Thoracolumbar sacral orthosis (TLSO),
sublaminar wire passage, 60
Thoracolumbar spine, sublaminar wire
passage, 57, 60
Thoracoplasty
anterior techniques, 135−139, 136−138
concave thoracoplasty, stiff thoracic
scoliosis, 128, 129−130
convex thoracoplasty, 131, 132−133, 134
Thoracoretroperitoneal approach, vertebral
corpectomy, thoracic tumor or infection,
97, 98−99, 100
Thoracotomy
anterior thoracoplasty, 135−139, 136−138
Scheuermann’s kyphosis, anterior re-
lease and posterior instrumentation,
114
thoracic scoliosis
anterior correction and instrumenta-
tion, 122, 124
rigid thoracic scoliosis, accordion pro-
cedure, 169, 170−172
vertebral resection, 182−185, 183−184
Throacoplasty, thoracic scoliosis, anterior
correction and instrumentation, 122,
123−127
Total lumbar disc replacement, SB III
Charite prosthesis, 245−249, 246−248
Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,
242, 243−244
spondylolisthesis reduction, pedicle
screw fixation and, 268−272, 269−271
Transoral techniques
anterior odontoid resection, 12−13, 14
cranial cervical junction (CCJ) decom-
pression and fusion, 3, 5, 7
Transpedicular approach
metastatic disease, anteroposterior
decompression and stabilization, 250−
255, 251−254
thoracic disc disease, 101, 104
Transsacral fibula allograft, lumbar cor-
pectomy, 221
Transthoracic retroperitoneal approach,
Scheuermann’s kyphosis, anterior release and posterior instrumentation,
115, 117
“Trap-door” laminectomy, lumbar spine,
208−211, 209−210
Two-screw techniques, odontoid fixation,
16, 20
U
Upper cervical spine, Gallie’s wiring tech-
nique, 52, 53
V
Ventral surgical access, anterior odontoid
resection, 10
Vertebral corpectomy, thoracic tumor or
infection, 97, 98−99, 100
Vertebral resectioning, thoracic scoliosis,
182−185, 183−184
Vertebrectomy
anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion
(ACCF), 29
multiple-level cervical procedures, 36−
39, 37−38
thoracic spine, congenital deformity,
175−178, 176−177
Vertebroplasty, osteoporotic vertebral frac-
tures, 79, 80
Video-assisted posterolateral approach,
vertebral corpectomy, thoracic tumor or
infection, 97, 98−99, 100
W
Wertheim-Bohlman technique, occipital-
cervical spine wiring, 52, 53
Wiley retractor, lumbar corpectomy, 221
Wiring techniques
Bohlman’s triple wire technique, 55, 58
Brooks spinal wiring technique, 52, 54,
58
Gallie upper cervical spine wiring, 52,
53
posterior spine wiring, 52−60, 53−57
Scott technique, 57, 60
subaxial cervical sublaminar wiring, 55,
59
sublaminar wire passage
guidelines and protocols, 186−191,
187−190
thoracolumbar spine, 57, 60
Wertheim-Bohlman technique, occipital-
cervical spine wiring, 52, 53
Wolf’s law, Scheuermann’s kyphosis, ante-
rior release and posterior instrumenta-
tion, 114
Woodson probe, Brooks spinal wiring
technique, 58
Eurostile
INDEX
283
■
■
284
Eurostile