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Index
Note: Page numbers in italic refers to gures/schemes.
A
abecarnil 58
activities of β- carbolines 52– 53
see also antibacterial properties of β- carbolines;
antifungal actions of β- carboline products;
antimalarial activity of β- carbolines;
antioxidant activity of β- carbolines
anti- HIV agents, biological activities exhibited
by β- carbolines 235– 236
anti- inammatory agents 226– 227
anticancer activity of β- carbolines 3, 31– 44
biological activities exhibited by β- carbolines
235– 236
pharmaceutical activities of β- carbolines 207
Akt kinase 110– 112
alangiobussine synthesis 65
alangiobussinine synthesis 65
Alzheimer’s disease 103, 104
anti- HIV agents 234– 255
biological activities exhibited by β- carbolines
235– 236
discovery and signicance of β- carbolines
236– 237
drug discovery overview 234– 236
drymaritin 240, 243
azin 238, 241, 243– 246
functionalization of the β- carboline scaffold
252– 254
future outlook 254– 255
harman 240, 241
harmine 236
HIV- 1 reverse transcriptase (RT) 243– 244, 247– 249
manzamine alkaloids 61, 241, 242
medicinally important β- carbolines based
compounds 236– 237
natural sources of β- carbolines 237– 238
neurotransmitter interaction 236– 237
scaffolds, importance of 234– 236
structural diversity of carbolines 235
synthesis of β- carbolines 237– 238, 245– 251
anti- inammatory agents, β- carboline as 226– 227
antibacterial properties of β- carbolines 53– 61
synthetic aspects of β- carbolines having
antibacterial property 67– 73
anticancer activity of β- carbolines 3
synthesis of β- carboline derivatives as
anticancer agents 34– 44
targeting multiple biological objectives 31– 34
antidepressant agents, β- carboline as 221– 225
antifungal actions of β- carboline products 88– 90
antifungal mediators, β- carboline products as 85– 88
antimalarial activity of β- carbolines 158– 175
malaria background 158– 160
synthesis of β- carbolines 160– 169
β- carboline derivatives 169– 174
antioxidant activity of β- carbolines 183– 194
dihydro β- carbolines 189
ethyl β- carboline- 3- carboxylate (β- CCE)
190– 193
future aspects 194
pharmacological active β- carbolines 180– 183
reactive oxygen species (ros) 191
recent advances 190– 193
synthetic β- carbolines 190
tetrahydro- β- carbolines 183– 186
β- carboline alkaloids 186– 188
applications of β- carbolines 73– 74
Aurora kinases 117– 118
B
B- Raf kinase 118
β- carboline alkaloids, antioxidant activity of
β- carbolines 186– 188
β- carboline- combretastatin carboxamide
conjugates 31– 34
β- CCE (ethyl β- carboline- 3- carboxylate),
antioxidant activity of β- carbolines 190– 193
biological activities exhibited by β- carbolines
235– 236
C
C- 7 position of β- carbolines 146
canthine synthesis 66– 67
CDC- like Kinase 1 (CLK1) 108– 110
CDKs (cyclin- dependent kinases) 23– 24, 96– 101
cell cycle as target, synthesis of β- carboline
derivatives as anticancer agents 29– 31
characteristics of β- carbolines 61– 62
chemical composition of several carboline kinds
204– 206
CLK1 (CDC- like Kinase 1) 108– 110
combilexins, DNA targeting agents 15– 19
compounds with unexplored mechanism of
action, synthesis of β- carboline derivatives as
anticancer agents 34– 44
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262
cyclic aldimines, synthesis 67
cyclin- dependent kinases (CDKs) 23– 24, 96– 101
cyclometalated Ir (III) complexes 100
cyclometalated Ru(II) complexes 99
HDAC inhibitors, synthesis of β- carboline
derivatives as anticancer agents 26– 29
HIV see anti- HIV agents
hybrid β- carbolines 130– 132
hyrtioerectines 61
Index
D
depression, β- carboline as antidepressant agents
221– 225
derivatives of carboline alkaloids 61, 62
diabetes, kinases inhibitors 103– 104
dihydro β- carbolines 189
discovery and signicance of β- carbolines
236– 237
DNA targeting agents
combilexins 15– 19
DNA groove- binding agents 9– 14
intercalating agents 3– 8
scission 19– 21
synthesis of β- carboline derivatives 3– 21
topoisomerase inhibitors 14– 15
drug discovery overview 234– 236
drymaritin 240, 243
dual- specicity Tyrosine Phosphorylation-
regulated Kinases (DYRKs) 101– 104
E
epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) 104
ethyl β- carboline- 3- carboxylate (β- CCE),
antioxidant activity of β- carbolines 190– 193
eudistomins- Y and its analogues 53, 54
F
fascaplysin 98– 99
azin 238, 241, 243– 246
functionalization of β- carbolines 134– 147,
252– 254
future aspects, antioxidant activity of
β- carbolines 194
future outlook, anti- HIV agents 254– 255
future perspectives, synthesis of β- carboline
derivatives as anticancer agents 44
G
Glycogen Synthase Kinase (GSK) 115– 116
H
harmaline 57, 82– 83, 101
harman 240, 241
harmane 55– 56, 60
harmine 82– 83, 96, 102– 103, 236
haspase kinase inhibitors 21– 23
haspin kinase inhibitors 21– 23, 116– 117
I
IKK (IκB kinase) 107– 108
intercalating agents, DNA targeting agents 3– 8
IκB kinase (IKK) 107– 108
K
kinases as target
cyclin- dependent kinases (CDKs) 23– 24
haspin kinase inhibitors 21– 23
synthesis of β- carboline derivatives as
anticancer agents 21– 24
kinases inhibitors 94– 120
Akt kinase 110– 112
Alzheimer’s disease 103, 104
Aurora kinases 117– 118
B- Raf kinase 118
CDC- like Kinase 1 (CLK1) 108– 110
cyclin- dependent kinases (CDKs) 23– 24, 96– 101
cyclometalated Ir (III) complexes 100
cyclometalated Ru(II) complexes 99
diabetes 103– 104
dual- specicity Tyrosine Phosphorylation-
regulated Kinases (DYRKs) 101– 104
epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) 104
fascaplysin 98– 99
Glycogen Synthase Kinase (GSK) 115– 116
harmaline 101
harmine 96, 102– 103
haspin kinase 116– 117
IκB kinase (IKK) 107– 108
manzamine A 100
mezamine A 100
Mitogen- activated Protein Kinase- activated
Protein Kinase 2 (MAPKAPK2) 105– 107
platelet- derived growth factor (PDGF) 118– 119
Polo- like Kinases (PLKs) 113– 115
Protein Kinase B (PKB or Akt) 110– 112
protein tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6) 118
pyrrolo[2,3- a] carbazole analogs 98
Ru (II)- containing arene entities 99– 100
SK1/ sphingosine- 1- phosphate pathway 119
Suzuki- Miyaura reaction 99
tau phosphorylation 103
tryptamine and tetrahydro- β- C biphenyl
derivatives 99
kinesin (Eg5) inhibitors, synthesis of β- carboline
derivatives as anticancer agents 26
komavine synthesis 65– 66

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Index
M
malaria see antimalarial activity of β- carbolines
manzamine A 100
manzamine alkaloids 61, 241, 242
MAPKAPK2 (Mitogen- activated Protein Kinase-
activated Protein Kinase 2) 105– 107
marine alkaloid oriented β- carboline
synthesis 84– 85
medicinally important β- carbolines based
compounds 236– 237
mezamine A 100
Mitogen- activated Protein Kinase- activated
Protein Kinase 2 (MAPKAPK2) 105– 107
N
N(2)- substituted β- carbolines 132– 134
natural products having a simple β- carboline
skeleton 63- 67
natural sources of β- carbolines 237– 238
naturally occurring β- carboline alkaloids 95
neamine- carboline conjugates 55
neurotransmitter interaction 236– 237
norharman synthesis 63
O
occurrence of β- carbolines 62- 63
P
PDGF (platelet- derived growth factor) 118– 119
pharmaceutical activities of β- carbolines 207
pharmacological active β- carbolines 180– 183
pharmacologically interesting β- carbolines 55, 56
PKB or Akt (Protein Kinase B) 110– 112
plakortamine 60
platelet- derived growth factor (PDGF) 118– 119
Polo- like Kinases (PLKs) 113– 115
Protein Kinase B (PKB or Akt) 110– 112
protein tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6) 118
pyrrolo[2,3- a] carbazole analogs 98
R
reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant
activity of β- carbolines 191
Ru (II)- containing arene entities 99– 100
SK1/ sphingosine- 1- phosphate pathway 119
sources of β- carbolines 53– 54
stolonine synthesis 64
structural diversity of carbolines 1– 2, 55– 61, 95,
160, 161, 180, 206– 208, 235
sulfanyl derivatives of β- carbolines 135– 139
sulfone derivatives of β- carbolines 142– 145
sulfur- containing β- carbolines 126– 151
C- 3 functionalization of β- carbolines 134– 145
C- 6 sulfur- containing β- carbolines 145
C- 7 position of β- carbolines 146
drug design 129– 147
hybrid β- carbolines 130– 132
N(2)- substituted β- carbolines 132– 134
S- functionalization at the N(9)- position of
β- carbolines 146– 147
sulfanyl derivatives of β- carbolines 135– 139
sulfone derivatives of β- carbolines 142– 145
synthesis 129– 147
thiocarbamide and thione derivatives of
β- carbolines 139– 142
transition metal complexes involving
β- carbolines as N- ligands 147– 151
Suzuki- Miyaura reaction 99
synthesis of tetrahydro- β- carbolines 163,
218– 221
synthesis of β- carboline derivatives 206– 221
synthesis of β- carboline derivatives as anticancer
agents 3– 44
cell cycle as target 29– 31
compounds with unexplored mechanism of
action 34– 44
DNA targeting agents 3– 21
future perspectives 44
HDAC inhibitors 26– 29
kinases as target 21– 24
kinesin (Eg5) inhibitors 26
targeting multiple biological objectives
31– 34
tubulin/ microtubule as a target 24– 25
synthesis of β- carbolines 64, 65, 238
anti- HIV agents 237– 238, 245– 251
antimalarial activity of β- carbolines 160– 169
marine alkaloid focus 84– 85
synthetic β- carbolines
antioxidant activity 190
having antibacterial property 67– 73
263
S
S- functionalization at the N(9)- position of
β- carbolines 146– 147
SARs analysis of β- carbolines 180
scaffolds, importance of 234– 236
scission, DNA targeting agents 19– 21
shishijimicin A synthesis 66
T
tau phosphorylation 103
tetrahydro- β- carbolines 83– 84
antioxidant activity of β- carbolines 183– 186
stereoisomers 170
synthesis 163, 218– 221

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264
tryptamine and tetrahydro- β- C biphenyl
derivatives 99
tetrahydroharmane synthesis 64– 65
thiocarbamide and thione derivatives of
β- carbolines 139– 142
topoisomerase inhibitors, DNA targeting
agents 14– 15
transition metal complexes involving β- carbolines
as N- ligands 147– 151
tryptamine and tetrahydro- β- C biphenyl
derivatives 99
tubulin/ microtubule as a target, synthesis of
β- carboline derivatives as anticancer
agents 24– 25
Y
yohimbine 58– 59
Index
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