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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_6028_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана
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314 Spine Core Knowledge in Orthopaedics
U
Upper extremities
motor examination of, 21, 21f-23f
reflexes of, 27
V
Vascular claudication, 167t
Vertebra
anatomy of, 1, 2f, 91f
cervical, 91f. see also Atlas vertebra;Axis
vertebra
lumbar, 4-5
palpation of, 20
thoracic, 4
Vertebra prominens, 4
Vertebral artery, 9, 36-37, 39f
Vertebral body
anatomy of, 212
augmentation of, 179, 179b, 184t, 185
strength of, 187
Vertebral column
anatomy of, 1, 14
anterior muscles of, 9
blood supply to, 9-11, 10f
coronal alignment of, 16-17
curves of, 1, 16t, 124, 125f
function of, 14
ligaments of, 7
muscles of, 8-9
posterior muscles of, 8-9
Vertebral column (Continued)
sagittal alignment of, 16-17
venous drainage of, 9-11, 11f
Vertebral compression fractures
acute, 183
complications of, 184
consequences of, 183b
description of, 172, 176f, 177
neurologic deficit after, 183
outcomes of, 183
Vertebral pyogenic osteomyelitis
bacteria that cause, 213
biopsy evaluations, 214, 215f
computed tomography of, 215, 217f
C-reactive protein findings, 214
differential diagnosis, 218t
epidemiology of, 212
erythrocyte sedimentation rate findings, 214
etiology of, 212
history-taking, 214
imaging of, 214-216
laboratory tests for, 214
location of, 213t
magnetic resonance imaging of, 215-216, 217t
nuclear imaging of, 215
pathology of, 213-214
pathophysiology of, 213-214
prognosis for, 218
radiographs of, 214-215
risk factors for, 212-213
Vertebral pyogenic osteomyelitis (Continued)
signs and symptoms of, 214
treatment of
bone grafting, 218
goals for, 216
operative, 218
outcomes, 218
principles of, 216-217
white blood cell count findings, 214
Vertebrobasilar insufficiency, 200
Vertebroplasty
complications of, 189
compression fractures treated with, 188-189
indications for, 188
osteoporosis treated with, 179b, 179-182
Vertical compression injuries, of cervical spine,
281, 283, 284t
Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, 75t
Vitamin D2 deficiency, 189t
von Hippel–Lindau syndrome, 253
W
Weight management, for low back pain, 58
Weinstein-Boriani-Biagaini system, for spinal tumor
staging, 233-234, 234f
Werdnig-Hoffmann disease, 151
White matter, 242, 243f
Wrist extensors, 21, 21f
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