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Venous Interventional Radiology
Laura K. Findeiss, MD, FSIR, FAHA
Professor of Radiology and Surgery Emory University School of Medicine Chief of Service Department of Radiology Grady Health System Atlanta, Georgia
298 illustrations
Thieme New York Stut tgart Delhi Rio de Janeiro
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
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Names: Findeiss, Laura K., editor. Title: Venous interventional radiology / [edited by] Laura K.
Findeiss.
Description: New York : Thieme, [2020] | Includes bibliographical
references and index. | Summary: "The diagnosis and interven­tional management of venous disorders is a truly core area in radiology, representing a signicant percentage of the caseload of an interventional radiologist-up to 75% in some institutions. Covering common disorders such as venous ulceration and var­icose veins (affecting half of adults over the age of 50) as well as such serious disorders such as thromboembolic disease, this book will present the state of the art in minimally invasive diagnosis and management of these disorders. Highly practical and authoritative, this book will open with sections on epide­miology, anatomy, and the basics of venous access and then will coverthe wide rangeof these disorders,with practical guidelines and case examples"– Provided by publisher.
Identiers: LCCN 2020001751 (print) | LCCN 2020001752 (ebook)
| ISBN 9781626232730 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781626232747 (ebook)
Subjects: MESH: Vascular Diseases–diagnostic imaging |
Veins–pathology | Vascular Diseases–therapy | Radiology, Interventional–methods | Radiography,Interventional–methods
Classication: LCC RD598.67 (print) | LCC RD598.67 (ebook) | NLM
WG 600 | DDC 616.1/307572–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020001751 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020001752
© 2020 Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
Important n ote: Medicine is an ever-changing science undergo­ing continual development. Research and clinical experience are continually expanding our knowledge, in particular our knowl­edge of proper treatment and drug therapy. Insofar as this book mentions any dosage or application, readers may rest assured that the authors, editors, and publishers have made every effort to ensure that such references are in accordance with the state of
knowledge at the time of production of the book.
Nevertheless, this does not involve, imply, or express any guarantee or responsibility on the part of the publishers in respect to any dosage instructions and forms of applications stated in the book. Every user is requested to examine carefully the manufac­turersleaets accompanying each drug and to check, if necessary in consultation with a physician or specialist, whether the dosage schedulesmentioned therein or the contraindications stated by the manufacturers differ from the statements made in the present book. Such examination is particularly important with drugs that are either rarely used or have been newly released on the market. Every dosageschedule or every form of application used is entirely atthe usersown risk andresponsibility. The authorsand publishers request every user to report to the publishers any discrepancies or inaccuracies noticed. If errors in this work are found after publi­cation, errata will be posted at www.thieme.com on the product description page.
Some of the product names, patents, and registered designs referred to in this book are in fact registered trademarks or pro­prietary names even though specic reference to this fact is not always made in the text. Therefore, the appearance of a name without designation as proprietary is not to be construed as a representation by the publisher that it is in the public domain.
Thieme Publishers New York 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001 USA +1 800 782 3488, customerservice@thieme.com
Thieme Publishers Stuttgart Rüdigerstrasse 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany +49 [0]711 8931 421, customerservice@thieme.de
Thieme Publishers Delhi A-12, Second Floor, Sector-2, Noida-201301 Uttar Pradesh, India +91 120 45 566 00, customerservice@thieme.in
Thieme Publishers Rio de Janeiro, Thieme Publicações Ltda. Edifício Rodolpho de Paoli, 25ºandar Av. Nilo Peçanha, 50 – Sala 2508 Rio de Janeiro 20020-906 Brasil +55 21 3172-2297 / +55 21 3172-1896 www.thiemerevinter.com.br
Cover design: Keith Palumbo and Konzeption Typesetting by Thomson Digital, India
Printed in USA by King Printing Company, Inc. 5 4 3 2 1
ISBN 978-1-62623-273-0
Also available as an e-book: eISBN 978-1-62623-274-7
This book, including all parts thereof, is legally protected by copy­right. Any use, exploitation, or commercialization outside the narrow limits set by copyright legislation, without the publishers consent, is illegal and liable to prosecution. This applies in partic­ular to photostat reproduction, copying, mimeographing, prepa­ration of microlms, and electronic data processing and storage
To my parents, who always encouraged me to keep going and let me believe that anything was possible.
https://t.me/med1917
And to my husband, Chuck Ray, who has shown me that everything is possible.
- Laura K. Findeiss
Contents
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Preface ............................................................................................ ix
Acknowledgments ............................................................................... xi
Contributors ...................................................................................... xiii
1 Venous Anatomy and Physiology and Epidemiology of Venous Disorders ................. 1
Kathleen Hamrick and Laura K. Findeiss
2 Venous Thromboembolism ..................................................................... 15
Matthew T. Rondina and Hanadi Farrukh
3 Cerebral Venous Thrombosis ................................................................... 30
Nitish Dhingra and Kieran Murphy
4 Acute Deep Venous Thrombosis: Sporadic and Compressive................................ 35
Kyle Cooper, Minhaj S. Khaja, and Bill S. Majdalany
5 Pulmonary Embolism ............................................................................ 52
Ronald S. Winokur and Akhilesh K. Sista
6 Inferior Vena Cava Filters ........................................................................ 59
Robert L. King and Matthew S. Johnson
7 Chronic Venous Occlusive Disease.............................................................. 67
Deepak Sudheendra
8 Peripheral Venous Insuciency................................................................. 74
Mary Costantino
9 Venous Access .................................................................................... 84
Todd Homan, Laura K. Findeiss, and Gordon McLennan
10 Pelvic and Gonadal Venous Reflux.............................................................. 99
Douglas A. Murrey, Bill S. Majdalany, and Minhaj S. Khaja
11 Portal and Mesenteric Venous Disorders ...................................................... 114
Maria del Pilar Bayona-Milano and Hector Ferral
12 Venous Anomalies and Syndromes: Classifications, Evaluation, and Treatment........... 141
Christopher R. Bailey, Scott R. Shuldiner, and Cliord R. Weiss
Index .............................................................................................. 152
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Preface
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Venous Interventional Radiology was conceived as a com­prehensive textbook of image guided intervention in the venous system and is intended to cover a broad range of disease states. It is well recognized that venous disorders are, in many ways,the mainstay of interventional radiology practice and are squarely within the purview of the inter­ventionalradiologist.However,there arefew textbooksthat comprehensively address the broad scope of venous inter­ventional radiology practice beyond lower extremity venous insufciency.
A foundation of this volume is an emphasis on the importance of the clinical management of patients with venous disorders, extending beyond the act of performing image-guided interventions. Using a standardized chapter format and a case-based approach, this text aims to address the nuances of decision-making in clinical encounters, and describes workup, non-interventional management, image guided interventions, and post-procedure care. This richly illustrated textbook begins with an in-depth discussion of anatomy and physiology, followed by a comprehensive review of thrombosis. These chapters are foundational, and the understanding of these topics is critical to excellence in the care of patients with venous disorders. Moving on to a
broad range of topics, from chronic thrombosis and acute thromboembolism to portal venous disease and venous anomalies, the remainder of the text is designed to provide a practical guidance in treating patients with venous dis­orders and may be read in its entirety, or may serve as a reference in preparing for an individual patient encounter. The authors, recruited from both academics and private practice, are experts with extensive experience in venous disorders or venous interventions, and I am grateful for their generosity in participating in this endeavor.
Venous interventional radiology is a rapidly evolving eld, and I anticipate that we will continue to increase our understanding of the optimal managementof patients with the disorders described in this text. As this volume goes to press, the devices available for intervention in venous occlusive disease are rapidly increasing in number, such that the options described herein can in no way be consid­ered exhaustive.Such isthe nature ofour dynamicspecialty. It is my goal that the expert clinical guidance provided by the authors will serve as a foundation for outstanding patient care as this area of practice continues to develop.
Laura K. Findeiss, MD, FSIR, FAHA
ix
Acknowledgments
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I would like to express my deepest gratitude to all of the contributing authors for being willing totake this endeavor on in spite of their many other responsibilities. Their excel-
lent contributions haveallowedfor the vision ofthis book to materialize. I also deeply appreciate their patience in get­ting to the nish line with me.
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Contributors
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Christopher R. Bailey, MD
Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and
Radiological Science Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore, Maryland
Maria del Pilar Bayona-Milano, MD
Assistant Professor of Interventional Radiology Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology Washington University St. Louis, Missouri
Kyle Cooper, MD
Department of Radiology Loma Linda University Loma Linda, California
Mary Costantino, MD
Interventional Radiologist Legacy Good Samaritan Medical Center Medical Director CIC-Portland Portland, Oregon
Nitish Dhingra
Candidate, Bachelor of Health Sciences McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Hanadi M. Farrukh, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah
Hector Ferral, MD
Senior Clinician Educator NorthShore University Health System Evanston, Illinois
Laura K. Findeiss, MD, FSIR, FAHA
Professor of Radiolog y and Surgery Emory University School of Medicine Chief of Radiology Grady Health System Atlanta, Georgia
Kathleen Hamrick, MD
Interventional Radiology Fellow Department of Radiology Northwestern University Evanston, Illinois
Todd Hoffman, MD
Quantum Imaging and Therapeutic Associates Lewisberry, Pennsylvania
Matthew S. Johnson, MD
Indiana Radiology Partners Department of Radiology Indiana University Bloomington, Indiana
Minhaj S. Khaja, MD, MBA
Department of Radiology University of Virginia Charlottesville, Virginia
Robert L. King, MD
Assistant Professor of Clinical Radiology University of Illinois College of Medicine-Peoria OSF St. Francis Medical Center Peoria, Illinois
Bill S. Majdalany, MD
Division of Interventional Radiology Department of Radiology Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, Georgia
Gordon McLennan, MD
Department of Diagnostic Radiology Cleveland Clinic Cleveland, Ohio
Douglas A. Murrey, MD
Inland Imaging Spokane, Washington
Kieran Murphy, MB, FRCPC, FSIR
Professor of Interventional Neuroradiology University of Toronto Toronto Western Hospital Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Matthew T. Rondina, MD
Professor of Internal Medicine and Pathology University of Utah Health Sciences Center George E. Wahlen VAMC Salt Lake City, Utah
Scott R. Shuldiner, BS
Medical Student Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland
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