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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_6025_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана
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In d e x 3 21
N
Nat io na l Acu t e Sp in a l Cord Inju r y
St u dy ( NASCIS) g uid el in e s ,
120–121
negative-pressure wound therapy,
294
nerve conduction studies (NSCs),
77–78
nerve root anomalies, 11, 12f
nerve roots, 174–175
nerve tension signs, 49t
nerves, spinal, 10–13
neural compression, 199–202
neuroanatomy, spinal, 4–13
neuro broma, 270t, 275f
neuro bromatosis, 253
neuromonitoring, intraoperative.
See int raop erat ive
neuromonitoring (IONM)
neuromuscular kyphosis, 246–247
neuromuscular scoliosis. See
scoliosis, neuromuscular
nucleus pulposus, 99
– herniated, 177
palpation, 50–51
paralytic/developmental kyphosis,
249
Parso n age -Tu r n er syndro m e, 1 60 t
patient education, 142
Pat rick’s t est , 54, 3 08
PCM disc art i cial disk, 162
pediatric cervical spine disorders,
252–263
– atlantoaxial instabilites,
259–260
– basilar invagination, 252–256
– clinical ndings, 254–255
– congenital atlanto-occipital
fusion, 258
– diagnostic evaluation, 252, 253f,
254f
– Klippel-Feil syndrome, 256–257
– odontoid anomalies, 257–258
– torticollis (wry neck), 259
– traumatic, 260–263
–– hangman’s fracture, 262, 262f
–– Je erson fracture, 261, 261f
–– occipitoatlantal instability, 260
–– odontoid fractures, 261–262
pseudarthrosis, 215
psoriatic arthritis, 314–315
psychiatric disease, 143–144
R
radiation therapy, 272–273
radiographic anatomy, 57–66
radiographic measurem ents,
299–301
radiographs, 57–58, 67, 68t, 70f
– adult scoliosis, 224
– ankylosing spondylitis, 307f,
309f, 310f
– cervical degenerative disease,
156–157, 158f
– cervical kyphosis, 263f
– chordoma, 279f
– disk degeneration, 70f
– disk space collapse, 70f
– facet dislocation, 131f
– fracture-dislocation of the
thoracolumbar spine, 139f
– giant cell tumor, 276f
– hangman’s fracture, 262f
– idiopathic adolescent scoliosis
O
occipital condyle fractures, 124
occipitoatlantal instability, 260
occipitoatlantal joint, 83
occiput–C1 dislocation, 124
odontoid
– anomalies, 257–258
– fractures, 127–128, 261–262
– migration, superior, 304, 305f
– screws, anterior, 85, 88f
orthosis, 89, 91f, 91t, 234
osteoblastic lesions, 266f
osteoblastoma, 268t
osteoblasts, 104, 104f
osteochondroma, 268t
osteoclasts, 104f, 105
osteocytes, 104, 104f
osteogenesis imperfecta, 220,
253, 255f
osteoid osteoma, 268t
osteomalacia, 220, 253
osteomyelitis, vertebral. See
vert ebr al oste om yelitis
osteoporosis, 220
osteosarcoma, 269t
osteotomies, 312
pediatric spinal deformity,
227–251
pedicle diameter, 101
pedicle screw failure, 102
pedicle subtraction osteotomy,
250
percutaneous fracture xation, 95
P rr m an n classi cat ion of disk
degeneration, 99, 100f
Phila delp hia (Mia m i J) collar s, 91t
physical examination of the spine,
49–56
plasmacytoma, solitary, 269t
poliomyelitis, 246
polyetheretherketone (PEEK)
cages, 161–162, 285
posterior cord syndrome, 8f
posterior lumbar interbody fusion
(PLIF), 189t, 190–191f
posterior rod instrumentation,
97f
posterolateral (intertransverse
process) fusion (PLF), 188–190
posterolateral fusion with or
without decompression, 215
postoperative infections, 291–294
postsurgical kyphosis, 249
(IAS), 235f
– Klippel-Feil syndrome, 256f
– lumbar degenerative disease,
178, 183
– neuromuscular scoliosis, 240f
– osteogenesis imperfecta, 255f
– osteoid osteoma, 274f
– rheumatoid arthritis, 297, 305f
– Scheuermann’s kyphosis, 248f
– of spinal cord injury, 117, 119
– spinal infections, 285t
– spondylolisthesis, 66f, 218f
– spondylosis, 60f
– tuberculosis of the spine, 290f,
292f
– tumors, 266t
– vacuum disk sign, 70f
– vertebral body collapse, 63f
Ra n a w at ’s in d e x, 8 6 t , 2 9 9 f, 3 00 f,
300t, 302, 303t
range of motion testing, 51–52
reactive arthritis, 312, 314
recombinant human gene
morphogenetic protein-2
(rhBMP-2), 160
Re d lu n d – Jo h n el l i n de x , 8 6 t , 3 00 f,
300t
P
Paget ’s d ise ase, 2 20, 2 53
pain centers, 144
pain
– axial vs radicular, 47
– mechanical vs nonmechanical,
47
posttraumatic kyphosis, 249
Pow er ’s rat io, 84 f, 86t , 260
Prest ige Disc art i cial d isk, 162
ProDisc-C art i cial disk, 162
proteoglycans (PGs), 149
proximal junctional kyphosis
(PJK), 225–226
rehabilitation, 142–145
renal osteodystrophy, 253
rheumatoid arthritis, 253,
295–306
– cervical spine deformity,
297–302
– clinical ndings, 296
322
In d e x
rheumatoid arthritis (cont inued)
– disease-modifying
antirheum atic drugs
(DMARDs), 297
– epidemiology, 295
– imaging, 297, 298, 301, 305f
– laboratory ndings, 296–297
– pathogenesis, 295–296
– postoperative outcomes,
304–306
– subaxial subluxation, 301–302
– surgical stabilization, 303–304
– treatments, 302–303
rickets, 253
rigid cervicothoracic brace (Yale
type), 91t
– instrumentation, 236, 237f
– management, 234–237
–– orthosis, 234
– natural history and prognosis,
230, 231t
– operative treatment, 235–237
– X-ray exam, 231–232
–– Cobb angle, 231–232
–– Risser sign, 232, 233f
scoliosis, idiopathic infantile and
juven ile, 239
scoliosis, neurom uscular, 239–241
– cerebral palsy, 239, 241
– Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy,
241
– myelomeningocele, 241
spinal deform ity group L5–S1
classi cation , 210, 211f
spinal deform ity, pediatric,
227–251
spinal impairm ent rating, 146
spinal infections, 280–294
spinal muscular atrophy (anterior
horn cell disease), 241, 246
spinal nerves, 10–13
spinal stability, 83, 98–100
spine anatomy, 1–3, 4–13, 252
spine instrum entation, thoracic,
92–97
spine neuroanatomy, 4–13
spine patient outcom es research
trials (SPORT), 179–180,
Ris se r s ign , 2 32 , 2 33 f
roentgenographic ndings, 213
S
sacral/pelvic xation, 102
sacroiliitis erosion, 309f, 311t
sacropelvic radiographic
parameters, 222, 222t, 223f
sacrum , anatomy, 21–24
sagittal balance, 83
sagittal curves, 1
Salt e r I fr a ct u r e , 2 5 7 , 2 5 8 f
Sch e u er m an n’s d is e a se ( ju ve n ile
kyphosis), 242–246, 248f
Sch o b e r ’s t e st , 5 5 , 3 0 8
schwannoma, 270t
– spinal muscular atrophy, 241
Se cu r e C d is c a r ti cia l d isk , 1 6 2
seronegative
spon dyloarth ropathies,
307–315
Sh im i zu r e e x, 5 1 t
slip angle, 214, 214f
Sm it h -Pete rse n/ Pon te o p e n in g
wedge extension osteotomy,
250
soft collar, 91t
soft tissue injury, of the cervical
spine, 133
solitary plasm acytoma, 269t
som atosensory evoked potentials
(SSEPs), 78, 80–81
208–209, 217–218
spine traum a, cervical. See cer vical
spine traum a
spondylectomy, total en bloc, 274,
278f, 279f
spondyloarthropathies,
seronegative, 307–315
spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, 259
spondylolisthesis, 99
– degenerative, 215, 217–219
– lumbar. See lum bar
spondylolisthesis
– radiographic ndings, 65–66f
– vs spondylolysis, 210
spondylolysis, 177
spondylosis, 124f, 154t
SCI. See spinal cord injury (SCI)
sciatica, 222
scoliosis, 96–97
Scolio s is Res e arch Soc iet y (SRS)–
Sch w ab Ad u lt Sp in a l De fo r m it y
Cla ss i c at io n , 2 2 2 , 2 2 3 f, 2 2 4
scoliosis, adult, 221–226
– complications, 225–226
–– at-back syndrome, 225
–– proximal junctional kyphosis
(PJK), 225–226
– evaluation, 224
– techniques, 224–225
– treatment, 224
scoliosis, congenital, 239
scoliosis, idiopathic adolescent
Sor e n so n ’s cr it e r ia , 2 4 5
space available for cord (SAC), 86t,
252, 253f, 254f
SPECT. See com puted tom ography
(CT)
spinal can als, 198
spinal cord function, 7t
spinal cord injur y (SCI)
– evaluation and managem ent of,
116–121
– imaging, 72–73
– incidence, 116
– National Acute Spinal Cord
Inju ry St u d y (NASCIS)
guidelines, 120–121
– Surgical Timing in Acute Spinal
– radiographic ndings, 60–62
Sp re n gel’s d efor m it ie s, 2 5 7
Sp u rlin g’s sign , 1 5 4
stability, spinal, 83, 98–100
St agn a r a w ak e - up t e s t , 8 0
stem cells, mesenchym al (MSCs),
114–115
stem cells and bone marrow
aspirate, 111, 114–115
stenosis, 124f, 177
– lumbar spinal. See lum bar spinal
stenosis
– radiographic ndings, 64–65f
– thoracic, 167, 170
stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS),
275
(IAS), 227–238
– anatomical characteristics,
227–230
– classi cation
–– King, 227, 229t
–– Lenke, 227, 228f, 229, 236
– diagnosis, 230–234
–– physical exam, 230–231
–– screening, 230
––– ScoliScore, 230
– etiology, 227
Co rd In ju r y St u d y ( STASCIS)
trials, 121
– treatment, 119–121
–– pharm acological intervention,
120–121
spinal cord injur y without
radiographic abnorm ality
(SCIWORA), 260
spinal cord m eninges, 7, 9f
spinal cord syn drom es, 8f
spinal deformity, 48–49
sterno-occipital-m andibular
im m obilized (SOMI) brace, 91t
sternum -split ting approach to
C4 – T4, 3 7 – 38
subaxial cervical spine injury
classi cation (SLIC) system ,
129, 132t
subaxial cervical trauma, 128
subaxial subluxation, 301–302,
304, 305f
subdural abscess, 288f
In d e x 3 23
subluxation
– atlantoaxial, 303–304f
– C1–C2, 125
– subaxial, 301–302, 304, 305f
sulfasalazine, 302, 311
superior odontoid migration, 304,
305f
supraclavicular approach to
C6 –T2 , 3 0
surgical anatomy, spinal, 13–24
surgical approaches, generally
– cervical spine, 24–38
–– anterior approaches, 25–38
––– anteromedial approach
(de Andrade and Macnab), 29
––– retropharyngeal exposure
thoracolumbar spine
– anatomy, 19–21
– instrum entation, 92–97
– surgical approaches, 38–45
–– anterior, 39–45
–– posterior, 38–39
thoracolumbar spine fractures,
134–141
– American Spinal Injury
Ass o ciat io n (ASIA) m ot or in d e x,
134
– Frankel scale, 134
– incidence, 134
– stability (Denis), 134–135
– thoracolumbar injury
classi cation an d severit y
– primary malignant bone, 269t
– radiation vs surgery, 272–273
– risk factors, 264
– stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS),
275
– surgery, 273–279
– surgery plus postop radiation vs
radiation alone, 273
Tw i n S p i n e S t u d y , 1 7 1
V
vacuu m disk sign, 70f
vancom ycin m ixed bon e graft, 292
Ve r b i e s t l a t e r a l a p p r o a c h t o t h e
cervical spine, 30
vertebrae, an atom y of, 1
(McAfee), 29–30
––– transoral approach to C1–C2,
28–29
–– anterolateral retropharyngeal
approach (Whiteside and
Ke l l e y ) , 3 0
–– lateral approach (Verbiest), 30
–– posterior approaches, 24–25
– cervicothoracic junction, 30–38
–– low cervical approach to
C6 –T2 , 3 0
–– sternum -splitting approach to
C4 –T4 , 3 7 –3 8
–– supraclavicular approach to
C6 –T2 , 3 0
–– thoracotomy to T1–T4, 36, 37f,
(TLICS) score, 135–136
– treatment, 137–141
–– compression- exion injuries,
138
–– distraction exion injuries (seat
belt injury), 138–140
–– torsional exion injuries
(fract u re -d islocat ions), 140,
141f
–– vertical compression injuries
(bu rst fract ures), 140
thoracoscopic diskectomy, 170
thoracotomy to T1–T4, 36, 37f, 38f,
39f, 40f
three-column classi cation of
Den is, 9 3, 94f, 94 t , 134 –135
vertebral body collap se, 63
vertebral osteomyelitis, 280–286
– clinical ndings, 281
– etiology, 280
– imaging, 282, 285t, 288f, 289f
– incidence, 280
– laboratory ndings, 282, 284t
– pathology, 280–281
– treatment, 282–286
–– surgical techniques, 284–286
vertebral pyogen ic osteom yelit is,
286
vertical com p ression inju ries
(burst fractu res), 140
Ve r t i c a l Ex p a n d a b l e P r o s t h e t i c
Tit a n iu m Rib ( VEP TR), 2 36 ,
38f, 39f, 40f
– thoracolumbar spine, 38–45
–– anterior approaches, 39–45
–– posterior approaches, 38–39
Su rgical Tim in g in Ac u t e Sp in a l
Co rd In ju r y St u d y ( STASCIS)
trials, 121
T
teardrop fractures, 130
Th o m ps on gr a d in g s ca le o f d isk
degeneration, 151f
thoracic degenerative disease,
167–170
– disk herniation, 167, 167f, 169f
– etiologies, 167, 168t–169t
torsional exion injuries (fracture-
dislocations), 140, 141f
torticollis (wry neck), 259
total disk arthroplasty, 194–195
total disk replacement (TDR), 195
traction, for cervical spine trauma,
122–124f
transcranial motor evoked
potentials (tcMEPs), 80, 81
transforaminal lumbar interbody
fusion (TLIF), 189t, 191, 192f
transoral approach to C1–C2,
28–29
transpedicular instrumentation,
95, 95f, 100–101
triggered electromyography
237f
W
Wackenheim line, 299f
Waddell’s signs, 55
wedge compression fractures, 130
Weinstein-Boriani-Biagini system
for st a gin g, 2 67 , 2 7 2f, 2 72 t
Werdnig-Ho m an disease, 241
whiplash injuries, 123f
White and Panjabi checklist for
clinical instability, 85, 88t , 9 8f
Whiteside and Kelley anterolateral
retropharyngeal approach, 30
whole person, de nition, 145
Wiltse paraspinal approach, 181f
– stenosis, 167, 170
– surgical techniques, 170
–– costotransversectomy, 170
–– laminectomy, 170
–– thoracoscopic diskectomy, 170
– treatment, 170
thoracic spine instrumentation,
92–97
thoracic stenosis, 167, 170
thoracolumbar injury classi cation
and severity (TLICS) score, 93,
93t, 135–136
(tEMG), 81
tuberculosis of the spine, 289–291,
292f
tumors, 264–279
– diagnostic studies, 265, 266f,
266t, 267t
– intradural intramedullary
tumors, 271t
– intraspinal neoplasms or cysts,
270t
– primary benign bone, 268t
Wiltse spondylolisthesis
classi cation , 210, 211t
wry neck (torticollis), 259
X
X- r a y s . See radiograp h s
Y
Ya l e O p e n D a t a A c c e s s ( Y O D A )
project, 114
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