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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_4504_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана
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316
https://t.me/medicina_free
Index
M
Magerl classication, 287
Malformations of cortical development (MCD), 143–147
Mandibular nerve, 260
Marchiafava-Bignami disease, 197
Masticator space (MS), 240
Meningioma, 8, 118, 175
Meningitis, 212
causes and complications, 71
differential diagnosis, 70
imaging features, 70–73
Mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS), 141–143
Metabolic disorders
Alexander disease, 132
drug-induced encephalopathy, 135
Fabry disease, 132
GLD, 130, 131
hepatic encephalopathy, 133, 134
HIE, 135
hyperglycemic encephalopathy, 135
hypoglycemic encephalopathy, 134, 135
MELAS, 132
MLD, 131, 132
ODS, 133
PFBC, 132, 133
SCD, 133
Wernicke encephalopathy, 133
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, 130, 131
Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD), 131, 132
Methanol, 161, 162
Methotrexate (MTX)-induced leukoencephalopathy, 215
Microhemorrhage, 66
Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis
and stroke-like episodes (MELAS), 132
Moyamoya disease, 59, 60
Multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT), 286
Multinodular vacuolating neuronal tumor, 47
Multiplanar reformatted (MPR) images, 286
Multiple myeloma, 305
Multiple sclerosis (MS), 172, 270
ADEM, 195
Baló concentric sclerosis, 192, 193
clinical evaluation, 192
contrast enhancement, 192
denition, 190
diagnosis, 192
gadolinium enhancement, 192
histopathological studies, 190, 191
MOGAD, 195, 196
MRI, 190
NMOSD, 193, 194
posterior fossa lesions, 191
ring enhancement, 192
spinal cord lesion, 191, 192
SVD, 190
T1 black holes, 191
T2/FLAIR sequences, 190
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-related antibody disease
(MOGAD), 195, 196, 271
Myelopathy
clinical presentation, 267
denition, 267
extrinsic compression
DCM, 268
epidural abscess, 268
intradural extramedullary lesions, 270
neoplastic lesions, 268
SEH, 268, 269
ventral displacement, 270
intrinsic non-compressive lesions
arterial vascular pathologies, 274–278
clinical signs and symptoms, 270
demyelinating diseases, 270–272
ependymoma, 279, 280
imaging features, 278
infectious myelopathies, 272–274, 276, 277
metabolic lesions, 276, 279
sarcoidosis, 272
N
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), 254
Neck Cancer of Unknown Primary (NCUP), 261, 262
Nerve sheath tumours, 174, 175
Neurocysticercosis, 76
Neurobromas, 281
Neurological emergency
ICH, 208, 209, 216
infections, 211–215
seizures, 209, 210
stroke, 206, 207
TBI, 210, 211
Neurometabolic imbalances, 215–218
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), 172, 193, 194,
217, 218, 271
Neurosarcoidosis, 81, 83
Neurovascular compression syndrome (NVCS), 176
Non-communicating (obstructive) hydrocephalus, 21, 23, 24
Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), 23
O
Occipital condyle, 288
Oligodendrogliomas, 119, 121
Oral cavity SCC (OCSCC), 253, 255, 256
Oropharyngeal SCC (OPSCC), 253, 256, 257
Osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS), 133, 198, 215, 216
Osteoid osteoma, 307
Osteomyelitis, 181
Otospongiosis, 230, 231
P
Parapharyngeal space (PPS), 239
Parasitic diseases, 76
Parotid gland tumors, 260
Parotid space (PS), 240, 241
Penumbra, 34
Perimesencephalic hemorrhages, 53, 54
Perineural spread (PNS), 259, 260
Perivertebral space (PVS), 247
Pharyngeal mucosal space (PMS), 238, 239
Pharyngobasilar fascia, 254
Pituitary adenomas, 5, 6
Plasmacytoma, 306
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), 37, 61, 160,
200
Post-traumatic progressive myelopathy (PTPM), 286
Prevertebral calcic tendinitis, 247
Primary familial brain calcication (PFBC), 132, 133
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), 79–81, 196
Pyogenic abscess, 213
Pyogenic ventriculitis, 212
Index
https://t.me/medicina_free
317
R
Radiculopathy, 280–282
Rathke cleft cysts, 6, 7
Relapsing-remitting (RR), 190
Retropharyngeal, danger and prevertebral spaces (RPS), 246, 247
Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, 59, 60
S
Sarcoidosis, 119, 125, 272
Schwannomas, 280, 281
Seat belt injury, 288
Seizures, 160, 161, 209, 210
Sella turcica, 10
computed tomography (CT)
infections, 9
meningioma, 8
vascular lesions, 10
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
chiasmatic and hypothalamic gliomas, 8, 9
craniopharyngiomas, 7
infections, 9
meningioma, 8
metastases, 9
noninfectious inammatory lesions, 9
pituitary adenomas, 5, 6
postoperative sella turcica, 6
Rathke cleft cyst, 6, 7
vascular lesions, 10
pituitary gland, 4
Signal void, 10
Small-vessel disease (SVD), 190
Solitary brous tumor (SFT), 47
Spinal cord edema, 290
Spinal cord emergencies, 221, 222
Spinal cord hemorrhage, 289, 290
Spinal cord injury (SCI)
BCVI, 290, 291
clinical manifestation, 289
edema, 290
hemorrhage, 289, 290
neurologic decit, 289
neurologic recovery, 292
and pediatric spine, 291, 292
Spinal dural arteriovenous stula (SDAVF), 274
Spinal masses
anatomical compartments, 297, 298
detection of, 295–297
epidural masses, 303, 308–311
grading
Boriani-Biagini classication, 298, 299
CT, 298
ESCC scale, Bilsky score, 299, 300
MRI, 298
radiography, 298
SINS, 298, 299
paraspinal space, 300–302
vertebral masses
diagnosis, 300
metastasis, 303
primary benign tumors, 303, 306–308
primary malignant tumors, 303–306
Spinal nerve sheath tumors, 280
Spinal trauma
clinical factors, 286
computed tomography, 286
grading systems
Magerl classication, 287
vertebral column, 287, 288
magnetic resonance imaging, 286, 287
plain lm radiography, 286
soft tissue injuries
ligamentous injury, 288, 289
traumatic disc herniation, 288, 289
WAD, 289
Spinal vascular malformations, 274
Spin echo (SE) images, 10
Spine Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS), 298, 299
Spontaneous epidural hematoma (SEH), 268, 269
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH)
clinical presentation, 14
diagnostic work-up
brain MRI, 15, 16
spine imaging, 17, 18
etiology, 14, 15
treatment, 17, 18
Stroke, 206, 207
brain tumors, 38
CT based protocol
CT angiogram (CTA), 31–33
CT perfusion (CTP), 33–35
non-contrast CT head (NCCT), 31
evaluation, 29
evidence based guidelines, 29, 30
FAST positive/code stroke, 36, 37
migraines, 37
MRI, 35, 36
PRES, 37
seizures, 37
venous thrombosis, 38
workow optimization, 37
Subacute combined degeneration (SCD), 133, 276
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), 95, 96
arterial lesion, 53, 54
etiology, 51, 52
intracranial dissection, 53
multiple intracranial aneurysms, 51–53
overview, 50, 51
undetected arterial abnormality, 52, 53
Subaxial Injury Classication and Scoring (SLIC), 287
Subdural and epidural hemorrhage, 66
Subdural empyema, 212, 214
Subdural hematomas (SDH), 92–95
Sublingual (SLS), 242, 243
Submandibular space (SMS), 242, 243
Swirl sign, 91
T
Thoracic spine, 288
Thoracolumbar fracture, 288
Thoracolumbar injury classication and severity score (TLICS), 287
Thoracolumbar spine, 287
Tinnitus
anatomy, 228, 229
causes, 228
computed tomography, 229, 230
magnetic resonance imaging, 230
with mass
cholesteatoma, 233
cholesterol granuloma, 234, 235
glomus tympanicum, 233, 234
318
https://t.me/medicina_free
Index
Tinnitus (cont.)
vestibular schwannomas, 232, 233
without mass
EVA, 232
labyrinthitis ossicans, 231
otospongiosis, 230, 231
superior semicircular canal dehiscence, 231, 232
Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (THS), 9
Toxoplasmosis, 77, 119, 126
Traumatic axonal injury (TAI), 156, 157
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), 210, 211
clinical grading, 88
computed tomography (CT), 88
CSF leak, 109
CT/MR angiography (CTA/MRA), 89
diabetes insipidus, 109
Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging (DKI), 89
Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), 89
extra-axial lesions
EDH, 91–93
IVH, 95–97
SAH, 95, 96
SDH, 92–95
intra-axial lesions
cerebral contusions, 97–100
DAI, 97, 99, 101, 103
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 88, 89
outcome prediction, 89
posttraumatic encephalomalacia, 109
scalp lesions, 89, 90
secondary complications
denition, 105
infections, 107, 109
intracranial hypertension, 105, 106
ischemia and infarction, 106–108
skull fracture, 90, 91, 109
vascular injury
CCF, 103, 104
traumatic aneurysm, 103
traumatic vascular dissection, 103–105
Traumatic disc herniation, 288, 289
Trigeminal nerves, 260
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN), 172
Tuberculosis (TB), 77–79
Tumefactive demyelinating lesions (TDL), 115
Tumor thickness (TT), 255
U
Unconsciousness
acute trauma, 155
cardiorespiratory failure, 155
diffuse neuronal dysfunction, 155, 156
herniation syndrome, 159, 160
ICP, 159, 160
metabolic abnormalities, 161–164
seizures, 160, 161
structural and vascular abnormalities, 156–158
systemic disorders, 155, 156
toxic exposures, 161–164
V
Venous stroke (VS), 206
Ventriculitis, 213
Vestibular schwannoma, 119, 232, 233
Visceral space (VS), 243–245
Vitamin B12 deciency, 276
W
Weinstein-Boriani-Biagni (WBB), 298, 299
Wernicke encephalopathy (WE), 133, 197, 198
West Nile virus (WNV), 273
Whiplash-associated disorders (WAD), 289
White matter disease, 160
aging, 200
chemotherapy-associated neurotoxicity, 199, 200
chronic alcohol ingestion, 197
complications, 198
hepatic encephalopathy, 197
ischemic demyelinating disorders, 200
Marchiafava-Bignami disease, 197
ODS, 198
posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, 200
radiation injury and necrosis, 198, 199
Wernicke encephalopathy, 197, 198
World Health Organization (WHO) Classication of Tumors, 41, 42
X
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD), 130, 131
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