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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_4501_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана
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300 ■ ANATOMY OF THE TEMPORAL BONE WITH SURGICAL IMPLICATIONS
Figure 44
At this stage the vestibular sense
organs show greater differentiation
than the cochlear duct.
Figure 43
This is a higher magnification of the
cochlear duct and adjacent structures
shown in the outlined area of Figure 39.
The periotic reticulum shows greater
resolution in the scala vestibuli than in
the scala tympani. The spiral ganglion
is well developed.
CHAPTER 9: PHYLOGENY AND EMBRYOLOGY ■ 301
Figure 45
Shown is an overview of a horizontal
section of the head. The outlined area
indicates the regions included in
Figures 46 to 50.
FETUS C (16 WEEKS)
302 ■ ANATOMY OF THE TEMPORAL BONE WITH SURGICAL IMPLICATIONS
Figure 47
Resolution of periotic reticulum proceeds toward development of the perilymphatic spaces.
Figure 46
The otic capsule is partly ossified.
CHAPTER 9: PHYLOGENY AND EMBRYOLOGY ■ 303
Figure 49
The mesenchyme of the middle ear is
undergoing resolution. The incus and
malleus are partly ossified. At this
stage the stapedial crura are larger than
in the adult. Fibers of the tensor tympani muscle are seen. The fissula ante
fenestram and fossula post fenestram
are both visible.
Figure 48
The stapes footplate is still cartilaginous. The periosteal, endochondral
(enchondral), and endosteal layers of
bone are seen in the cochlear capsule.
The posterior part of the otic capsule is
still largely cartilaginous, allowing for
continued growth and expansion of the
semicircular canals.
304 ■ ANATOMY OF THE TEMPORAL BONE WITH SURGICAL IMPLICATIONS
Figure 51
The three layers of bone of the otic capsule are clearly visible. Structures of the
cochlear duct (Reissner’s membrane,
stria vascularis, organ of Corti) are well
developed. There is a fibrillar precipitate in the perilymphatic spaces
which will disappear in later stages of
development.
Figure 50
The cochlear aqueduct is clearly
defined. The stapedius muscle and its
tendon have reached the cartilaginous
head of the stapes.
CHAPTER 9: PHYLOGENY AND EMBRYOLOGY ■ 305
Figure 53
The cribrose area for the saccular nerve
bundles has not yet formed. There is a
precipitate in the perilymphatic and
endolymphatic compartments which
indicates a high protein content.
Figure 52
The cytoarchitecture of the utricular
macula is nearly mature. The perilymphatic reticulum has not yet completely
resolved.
306 ■ ANATOMY OF THE TEMPORAL BONE WITH SURGICAL IMPLICATIONS
Figure 54
The ampulla of the lateral canal and its
crista show advance toward maturity.
Perilymphatic reticulum remains.
CHAPTER 9: PHYLOGENY AND EMBRYOLOGY ■ 307
Figure 55
The anterior process of the malleus
extends into the petrotympanic fissure.
Thin mesenchyme remains in the epitympanum and mastoid antrum.
Figure 56
The superior part of the mesotympanum still contains mesenchyme but is
partially pneumatized. The external
auditory canal contains ceruminous
and keratin debris.
INFANT (5 MONTHS)
308 ■ ANATOMY OF THE TEMPORAL BONE WITH SURGICAL IMPLICATIONS
Figure 58
The periosteal and endochondral
(enchondral) layers of bone are well
demarcated. The internal auditory
canal is normal but flares at its ostium.
Figure 57
The middle part of the mesotympanum
is fully pneumatized. The obturator
foramen of the stapes still contains
mesenchyme. The mastoid consists of
bone trabeculae and marrow.
CHAPTER 9: PHYLOGENY AND EMBRYOLOGY ■ 309
Figure 59
The carotid artery is small at this age.
The facial nerve and stapedius muscle
occupy a common intraosseous space.
Figure 60
The trilaminar structure of the bony
labyrinth is well demonstrated. The
membranous labyrinth appears normal. The attachment of the posterosuperior wall of the saccule to the
anteroinferior wall of the utricle is a
normal condition.
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