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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5791_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
212
10 Ultrasound Examination of Regional Lymph Nodes
Fig. 10.9 (continued)
21310.2 Ultrasound Examination of Lymph Nodes in Patients with Breast Cancer
Fig. 10.9 (continued)
214
10 Ultrasound Examination of Regional Lymph Nodes
should be paid attention to in 3D reconstruction,
are listed below:
Spatial symmetry of large vessels and their •
branches
Regularity of the vessels’ caliber (asymmetric •
dilations and narrowings)
Metastatic lymph nodes are often characterized with moderate or high vascularity with diffuse chaotic pattern.
Trufanov et al. ( 2009 ) classify lymph nodes
according to the character of vascularity into
avascular and lymph nodes with individual color
spots in the central or peripheral parts. Metastatic
axillary lymph nodes often exhibit high values of
Doppler indicators in detected vessels (PSV
higher than 0.23 m/s). Many authors consider
that the majority of lymph nodes, which are
totally substituted by tumoral tissue, often appear
avascular in CDI and PDI.
Anyway, CDI and PDI are often useless in dif-
ferential diagnosis of enlarged lymph nodes.
According to Trufanov et al. ( 2009 ) , metastatic lymph nodes in supraclavicular, subclavian,
and cervical areas are more often of roundish or
irregular shape and hypoechoic, while in
parasternal and intrathoracic areas preserve
Fig. 10.10 Metastases of
breast carcinoma in axillary
lymph nodes. Panoramic
scan, 3D, 3DPD, and
multislice view
21510.2 Ultrasound Examination of Lymph Nodes in Patients with Breast Cancer
Fig. 10.10 (continued)
216
10 Ultrasound Examination of Regional Lymph Nodes
Fig. 10.10 (continued)
21710.2 Ultrasound Examination of Lymph Nodes in Patients with Breast Cancer
Fig. 10.10 (continued)
218
10 Ultrasound Examination of Regional Lymph Nodes
Fig. 10.11 Metastases of breast carcinoma in axillary lymph nodes. US elastography. Various types of color palettes
21910.2 Ultrasound Examination of Lymph Nodes in Patients with Breast Cancer
Fig. 10.11 (continued)
220
10 Ultrasound Examination of Regional Lymph Nodes
Fig. 10.11 (continued)
22110.2 Ultrasound Examination of Lymph Nodes in Patients with Breast Cancer
Fig. 10.11 (continued)