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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_770_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана
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394
https://t.me/medicina_free
Index
Dose optimisation
controllable and built-in factors
automatic tube current modulation, 52, 53
detector material, 55
iterative reconstruction, 54
matrix size, 57
overranging, 55
pitch, 57
pre-patient beam lter, 55
shielding, 55
slice thickness, 57
tube current, 52
tube voltage, 53
diagnostic reference levels, 57, 58
dose saving approach, 57
ethics, 58
justication, 51
risk estimation, 52
Double contrast barium enema (DCBE), 6, 291
Dry preparations, 99, 106
Dual energy computed tomography (DECT), 30, 47–48,
345, 347
for CRC, 217
in CTC, 348, 349
denition of, 346
dual-layer detectors, 348
dual-source CT, 347
rapid tube potential switching, 347
twin beam DECT, 347
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA or DEXA),
263
Dual-layer detector, 348
Dual-source CT, 347
Duke staging, 215
E
ECFs, see Extracolonic ndings (ECFs)
E classication, 244, 247, 279–280, 363, 369
E2 classication, 376
Effective dose, 46, 47
Electromagnetic navigation, 39
Electronic cleansing (EC), 109, 154, 156, 168
Electronic portal, 16
Employment, 331, 332
Endocavitary therapy, 216
Endometriosis, 203
Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), 313, 314
Endoscopy, 235
Enterocoele, 257–259
Equilibrium dose, 48
European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal
Radiology (ESGAR), 291, 297
European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
(ESGE), 291, 297
Express consent, 21
Extensive abdominal aortic calcication, 383
Extensive calcication in abdominal aorta, 266
External-beam radiation therapy, 216
External impression, 205
Extracolonic ndings (ECFs), 69, 110, 120, 241, 242,
247–256, 274
abdominal aortic calcication, 265
bone mineral density assessment, 262, 263
classication of, 243
clinical importance of, 243
and clinical outcomes at screening and diagnostic
CTC, 274
extracolonic organs and tissues, visualisation
of, 243
high clinical importance, 257
inguinal hernias, 267
complications, 268
frequency, 267
small or large bowel, 267
surgical repair procedures, 271
types of, 267
low clinical importance, 247
moderate clinical importance, 257
negative aspects of, 243
not of clinical importance, 247
vaginal air, 271
visualizing extracolonic organs and tissues, benets
of, 243
Extracolonic organs and tissues, visualisation of, 243
Extrinsic impression, 145, 146, 203, 204
F
Faecal and residual uid tagging, 2
Faecal immunochemical tests (FIT), 2
Faecalith, 228
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), 213
Fatty inltration of liver, 247–256
Fatty sparing in liver, 286
Femoral hernia, 257–259, 267–271
F-18-uoro-deoxy-glucose (F-18-FDG), 324
Flat adenomas, 184
Flat, mildly lobulated interhaustral lesion, 183
Flat polyps, 182, 304, 371
Free child (FC), 13
G
Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), 286
Gardners’ syndrome, 213
Gastrogran, 97, 99, 101, 102, 106, 107
Genant classication, 263
Generative adversarial network (GAN), 339
Generic justication, 51
GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumour), 203
Guaiac faecal occult blood test (gFOBt), 64, 72
H
Haemangiomas, 203
Haemorrhagic cyst, 260–262
Haemorrhoids, 373
causes, 172
denition, 172
Index
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395
external, 172
internal, 172, 173
Half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin echo
(HASTE), 316
Hardcopy brochures, 15
Haustral fold polyp, 187
Healed osteoporotic fractures, 247–256
Healthcare practitioners (HCPs), 341
Hepatic exure, 134
Hepatic steatosis, 278
Hepatitis C virus (HCV), 278
Hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes, 210, 213, 214
Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer, 213
Hesselbach triangle, 267
Histology, 210
Horseshoe kidney, 247–256
Hounseld units (HU), 235, 263, 304
Human communication, 13
Hybrid imaging, 37
Hydronephrotic change right kidney, 257–259
Hyoscine-N-butylbromide (Buscopan), 85,
88, 301
Hyperplastic polyps (HPs), 198, 199, 202, 210
I
Ileocaecal valve (ICV), 129, 134–135, 137, 149
Impacted diverticulum, 223
Implied consent, 22
Incarcerated hiatus hernia, 257–259
Incarceration, 268
Incomplete optical colonoscopy, 297
Indirect inguinal hernias, 267
Inammatory polyps, 202
Inammatory pseudo polyps, 202
Information exchange, 13
Informed consent
articial intelligence, 23
autonomy, 21
clinical audit, 26
CTC radiographer, 25
duty of consent, 25
express consent, 21
good practice, 25, 26
implied consent, 22
legal aspects, 23, 24
patient information, 24
risks associated with CTC study, 24
valid consent, 22
Inguinal hernias, 227, 247–256, 267–271
complications, 268
frequency, 267
small or large bowel, 267
surgical repair procedures, 271
types of, 267
Interactive 3D medical imaging, 64
Internal haemorrhoids, 169, 172, 173, 176,
178–180, 205
Intravenous (IV) contrast, 84, 89–93
Iohexol, 2, 109
Iterative reconstruction, 34–36, 54
J
Juvenile polyp, 202
K
Kinetic energy released in matter (Kerma), 41
K-shell, 349
L
Language barriers, 12
Large calculus right kidney, 247–256
Large hiatus hernia, 257–259
Large pancreatic cyst, 260–262
Large pedunculated polyp, 187
Lasswell’s model, 13
Legal and professional requirements
clinical audits, 335
duty and standard of care, 333, 334
employment, 331, 332
framework for practice, 334, 335
professional regulation, 332, 333
Lesion, 182
size, 192
Linear polyp size, 185
Lipoma, 202, 203, 235–237, 388
anatomical sites and morphology of, 236
gender prevalence and incidence, 236
sign at optical colonoscopy, 238
symptoms and sites in colon, 236
Liquid diet, 97, 100, 101
Liver, 278, 283, 284, 286
cysts, 247–256
density, 382
fatty sparing in, 286
granuloma, 247–256
Lobulated cyst right kidney, 247–256
Lobulated polypoidal lesion, 388
Low-dose CT, 47
Low-ber diet, 97, 102
Luminal narrowing, 225
Lymph node metastasis (LNM), 386
Lynch syndrome, 213
M
Machine learning (ML), 1, 217, 263, 337, 338
reinforcement learning, 338
semi-supervised learning, 338
supervised learning, 338
unsupervised learning, 338
MAFLD, see Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease
(MAFLD)
Magnetic resonance colonography (MRC), 315
BLMRC, 315, 316
DLMRC, 316
indications for, 315
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Index
Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), 319
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 215, 314, 315, 319
MR Colonography, 315, 316
of CRC, 319, 320
rectal MRI, 316, 317, 319
request checklist, 315
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), 284, 319
Magnetic resonance volumetry, 319
Magnetisation transfer MR imaging, 319
Manual insufation, 103
Material decomposition, 346
Mesorectal adenopathy, 318
Messaging system, 16
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), 277,
287
alcoholic liver disease, distinguish from, 286
cryptogenic cirrhosis (CC), 281
diagnosis of, 282, 284, 286
E-classication, 279, 280
fatty sparing in liver, 286
global prevalence of, 277
incidence of, 278
measuring attenuation values, 284, 286
metabolic syndrome, 280, 281
clinical outcomes, 281
and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), 280
opportunistic screening of, 277
patient management, 286
serum liver enzyme tests, 286
Metabolic-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), 280
Metabolic syndrome, 280, 281
clinical outcomes, 281
features, 281
Metal artefacts, 69
Metastatic rectosigmoid cancer, 327
Microsatellite instability (MS1), 210, 211
Mild calcication in abdominal aorta, 266
Milk of calcium bile, 247–256
Moderate calcication in abdominal aorta, 266
Moderate hiatus hernia, 247–256
Mucosal’ polyp, 202
Multi-detector CT (MDCT), 268
Multi-energy CT imaging, 347, 350
Multiple calcied gallstones, 247–256
Multiple detector arrays, 36, 37
Multiple diverticula, 223
Multiple gallstones with gas, 247–256
Multiple scan average dose (MSAD), 43, 44
N
Naked fat sign, 238
Negligence, 333
Neoplastic intramural submucosal lesions, 203
Neural networks (NNs), 339
Non-afne transformations, 38
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFDL), 277
of alcohol consumption, 281, 282
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), 280
Non-neoplastic mucosal lesions, 202
Nonneoplastic submucosal lesions, 203
Non-polypoidal lesion, 371
Normal adrenal glands, 247–256
Normal colon, 130
Nuclear medicine imaging in colon cancer, 323, 324
articial intelligence (AI) in PET-CT, 327
clinical audits for good practice, 328
PET study, 325
for CRC Patients, 327
PET-CT, 324, 325
interpretation, 325, 327
radiopharmaceutical, 324
Nuclear medicine imaging modalities (PET or SPECT)
image radiotracers, 38
Nurturing parent (NP), 13
O
Omnipaque, 109, 118
Opportunistic screening HU values, 310
Optical colonoscopy (OC), 2, 3, 5, 210, 230, 291, 375
incomplete and failed, reason for, 292, 297
lipoma sign at, 238
Optimisation, 51–52, 57–58
Osteopenia, 263–265
Overranging, 55, 56
P
Pancreatic mass, 260–262
Patent ileocaecal valve, 381
Patient-centered communication
audiovisual instructional material, 15
CTC examinations, 16
denotative and connotative meanings, 15
patient feedback, 16
readability
imaging reports, 16
informed consent forms, 16
instructions, 16
signs and symbols and codes, 14, 15
Patient-centered concepts, 310
Patient group directive (PGD), 354
Pedunculated lipoma, 388
Pedunculated polyps, 117, 121, 182, 183, 187, 304
Pelvic radiotherapy, 216
Pericardium, 245–246
Pericolonic inltration, 229
Photoelectric effect, 217, 345, 346, 349
Photon counting CT, 345, 349, 350
Picolax®, 67, 68
Pitch, 57
Plasma glucose level, 324
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) phantom, 42
Polypectomy, 3, 215
Polypoid structures, 182
Polypoidal lesion, 115, 116, 211, 237
Polyps, 209, 302, 304, 305, 374
adenomatous polyps, 195
advanced adenoma, 194, 195
Index
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articial intelligence, 205
carpet lesions, 198
C classication, 192
clinical signicance, 192
colonic classications, 192
denition, 182
diminutive lesion, 192
dual-energy CT, 205
hyperplastic polyps, 198
measurements, 184, 185
morphology, 156, 182, 184
neoplastic and nonneoplastic causes, 203
non-neoplastic mucosal lesions, 202
prevalence range, 193
serrated lesions of the colon and rectum, 199, 200
small lesions (6-9 mm), 193, 194
submucosal lesion, 202
neoplastic intramural, 203
nonneoplastic, 203
surveillance period, 193
tubular adenomas, 196
tubulovillous adenomas, 197
typical features, 187, 196
villous adenomas, 197
Positron emission tomography–computed tomography
(PET/CT), 214, 327
articial intelligence (AI) in, 327
colonography, 38
interpretation, 325, 327
patient preparation, 324, 325
Positron emission tomography (PET) study, 324, 325
for CRC Patients, 327
Posterior descending coronary artery, 245–256
Postpolypectomy coagulation syndrome, 3
Postpolypectomy distension syndrome, 3
Precancerous colorectal lesions, 199
Precision medicine, 339
Precursor lesion, 210
Proximal carcinoid tumours, 203
Punctate calcication, 372
Pyelonephritic scarring left kidney, 247–256
Q
Quantity, 30
R
Radiation therapy, 216
AI applications in, 217, 218
Radiation units, 41, 42
Radioembolisation, 216
Radiogenomics, 320
Radiographers, 332, 335
Radiography, AI on, 339, 340
Radioisotopes decay, 323
Radiology imaging, 297
Radiomics, 320, 328
Rapid kV switching, 348
Rapid tube potential switching, 347
Ray, 29–33, 35
Readability
imaging reports, 16
informed consent forms, 16
instructions, 16
Reasonableness, 331
Rectal cancer, 176–177
Rectal magnetic resonance imaging, 316, 317, 319
Rectal polyp, 176
Rectal tube position, 169, 170
Rectal varices, 178, 180
Rectosigmoid, 131
Rectovaginal stula, 272–273
Rectum, 130, 374, 378, 387
anatomy, 172
Redundancy of colon segments, 292
Redundant transverse colon, 292
Reinforcement learning, 338
Response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST),
319
Retained faecal matter, 153–154
S
Semi-annular carcinoma, 211
Semi-supervised learning, 338
Serrated lesions of the colon and rectum, 199, 200
Serrated polyp-carcinoma pathway sequence, 210, 211
Serum liver enzyme tests, 286
Sessile lesion, 196
Sessile polyps, 182, 183, 187, 304
Sessile serrated polyp (SSP), 199, 200, 211
Shannon and Weaver model, 13
Sigmoid colon, 211, 227, 228, 232, 292, 375, 379
Sigmoid diverticular disease, 156
Single detector arrays, 36, 37
Sliding window technique, 39
Slip-ring technology, 37
Small bowel hernias, 268–271
Small hiatus hernia, 247–256
Small pericardial effusion, 247–256
Small polyps, 184, 187, 193, 196
Small sessile polyp, 187
Sophisticated computer graphics software, 65
Spleen, 278, 284, 286, 376
Splenomegaly, 260–262
Spondylolisthesis, 205, 247–256, 383
Steatosis, 277
‘Straight-to-test’ (STT), 64
Strangulation, 268
Streak artefacts, 378
Submucosal lesions, 202, 203
neoplastic intramural, 203
nonneoplastic, 203
Supervised learning, 338
Suprep (OSS®), 99
Surface rendering, 37
T
Tagging agents, 97, 98, 153
Tagging solutions, 152
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Index
Tensor deep stack networks (TDSNs), 339
Tenting’ sign, 238
Thick fascia, 230
Three-dimensional (3D) data set, 36
3D y-through, 370
3D-2D approach, 301, 304
3D virtual y-through, 292
Tomographic reconstruction, 31–36
Traditional serrated adenoma (TSA), 199, 200
Transactional analysis (TA), 13
Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), 314, 319
Transverse colon, 133
Traps and artefacts
anatomical locations and structures, 156
beam hardening artefacts, 160
bowel preparation, 152
catheter, position of, 158, 160
‘dense waterfall’ sign, 160
electronic cleansing, 154, 156
extrinsic impressions, 157
ingested artefacts, 160
movement artefacts, 160
mucus strand, 161
polyps, 156
sigmoid diverticular disease, 156
tagging solutions, 152, 153
Tampon and vaginal pessary, 161
TRUS, see Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)
Tube current, 52
modulation, 53
Tube voltage, 53
Tubular adenomas, 196, 374
Tubulovillous adenomas, 183, 197
Tumour, nodes, metastases (TNM) staging system, 214,
313, 319, 323, 386
Twin beam DECT, 347
U
Ultrasound, 38
Ultrasound elastography (USE), 314
Umbilical hernia, 247–256, 296, 378
Unsupervised learning, 338
Urachal remnant, 247–256
V
Vaginal air, 271–274
Vaginal tampons, 385
Valid consent, 21, 22
Valves of Houston, 177, 178
V3D Viatronix, 305
Verbal and nonverbal communication, 13, 14
Viatronix V3D system, 123, 185, 306
Villous adenomas, 197
Vimap 3-way connection catheter, 170
Virtual colonoscopy (VC), 2, 319
W
Warping techniques, 39
Watch and wait approach, 320
Wet preparation, 99, 117
World Health Organisation (WHO), 209, 281
X
X-ray attenuation, 346
X-ray beam, 41, 42
X-ray interaction mechanisms
Compton scatter, 345
photoelectric effect, 345, 346
X-ray photon, 29
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