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t h
J L. C
MD, FACS, FRCS(Eng)(Hon), FRCS(Ed)(Hon), FRCSI (Hon)
The Alfred Blalock Distinguished Service Professor
Department of Surgery
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland
A M. C
MD, PhD, FACS
Professor
Director, Department of Surgery
Chief, Division of Transplantation
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland

ELSEVIER
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CURRENT SURGICAL THERAPY, FOURTEENTH EDITION ISBN: 978-0-323-79683-5
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C
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Ariane M. Abcarian, MD
Attending Surgeon
Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery
Cook County Health
Assistant Professor
Department of Surgery
Rush University Medical Center
Chicago, Illinois
Management of Hemorrhoids
Herand Abcarian, MD, FACS
Professor of Surgery
University of Illinois Hospital and Health
Sciences System
John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook
County
Chicago, Illinois
Management of Hemorrhoids
Mohamad A. Abdulhai, MD
Colon and Rectal Surgeon
Department of Surgical Oncology
Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center
Phoenix, Arizona
Surgical Management of Colon Cancer
Christopher J. Abularrage, MD
Associate Professor
Division of Vascular Surgery and
Endovascular Therapy
Johns Hopkins Hospital
Baltimore, Maryland
Diabetic Foot
Ali F.
AbuRahma, MD, FRCS, FACS,
RVT, RPVI
Professor and Chief
Vascular and Endovascular Surgery
Director, Vascular Fellowship and Residency
Programs
Department of Surgery
Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center
West Virginia University
Medical Director, Vascular Laboratory
Charleston Area Medical Center
Charleston, West Virginia
Femoropopliteal Occlusive Disease
Zachary T. AbuRahma, DO
Assistant Professor of Vascular Surgery
Charleston Area Medical Center
West Virginia University
Charleston, West Virginia
Femoropopliteal Occlusive Disease
David B. Adams, MD
Distinguished University Professor Emeritus
Department of Surgery
Medical University of South Carolina
Charleston, South Carolina
Pancreas Divisum and Other Variants of
Dominant Dorsal Duct Anatomy
Laura M. Adams, MD
Associate Physician and Surgeon
Department of Surgery
UC San Diego
La Jolla, California
Endocrine Changes with Critical Illness
Reid B. Adams, MD
S. Hurt Watts Chair and Professor
Department of Surgery
University of Virginia
Charlottesville, Virginia
Management of Liver Hemangioma
Adeseye Adekeye, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor
Department of Surgery
Thomas Jefferson University
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Advances in Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Therapy
for Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Gina L. Adrales, MD, MPH, FACS
Associate Professor
Department of Surgery
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland
Management of Inguinal Hernia
Gillian M. Ahrendt, MD
Resident
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
University of Pittsburgh School of
Medicine
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Management of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Steven A. Ahrendt, MD
Professor
Department of Surgery
Division of Surgical Oncology
University of Colorado
Denver, Colorado
Management of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Nita Ahuja, MD, MBA, FACS
Professor and Chair
Department of Surgery
Yale School of Medicine
Professor
Department of Pathology
Yale–New Haven Hospital
New Haven, Connecticut
Management of Adrenal Cortical Tumors
Venkata S. Akshintala, MD
Assistant Professor
Division of Gastroenterology
Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland
Management of Hepatic Encephalopathy
Mohammad Al Efishat, MD, FSSO
Complex Surgical Oncology, HPB Fellow
Department of Surgery
Johns Hopkins Hospital
Baltimore, Maryland
Management of Intrahepatic, Perihilar, and
Distal Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Hasan B. Alam, MD
Loyal and Edith Davis Professor and
Chair
Department of Surgery
Northwestern University Feinberg School of
Medicine
Surgeon-in-Chief
Northwestern Memorial Hospital
Chicago, Illinois
Initial Assessment and Resuscitation of the
Trauma Patient
Vance L. Albaugh, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor of Metabolic Surgery
Metamor Institute
Pennington Biomedical Research Center
Staff Surgeon
Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery
Franciscan Missionaries of Our Lady
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction After
Bariatric Surger y
v

vi CONTRIBUTORS
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Katherine Albutt, MD, MPH
Assistant Professor
Division of Trauma, Emergency
Surgery, and Surgical Critical Care
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts
Current Management of Rectal Injury
Yewande Alimi, MD, MHS
Assistant Professor
Department of Surgery
Georgetown University School of Medicine
Washington, DC
Loss of Domain in Abdominal Wall
Reconstruction
Wilson M. Alobuia, MD, MS
General Surgery Resident
Stanford University
Stanford, California
Management of Pheochromocytoma
Ranim Alsaad, MD
General Surgery Resident
Johns Hopkins Hospital
Baltimore, Maryland
Ischemic Colitis
Pregnancy and Breast Cancer Management
Emanuela Silva Alvarenga, MD
Clinical Associate Staff
Colon and Rectal Surgery
Cleveland Clinic Florida
Weston, Florida
Rectovaginal Fistula
John C. Alverdy, MD, FACS, FSIS
Sara and Harold Lincoln Thompson
Professor of Surgery
Executive Vice Chair
Department of Surgery
The University of Chicago Pritzker School
of Medicine
Chicago, Illinois
Management of Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis
Avani Amin, MD
Instructor of Medicine
Division of Hospital Medicine
Section of Palliative Medicine
Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland
Surgical Palliative Care
Ciro Andolfi, MD, FACS
Pediatric Surgeon
Department of Surgery
The University of Chicago Pritzker School
of Medicine
Chicago, Illinois,
Pediatric Surgeon
Department of Surgery
Les Hôpitaux Civils de Colmar
Colmar, France
Management of Cysts, Tumors, and Abscesses of
the Spleen
Lauren Antognoli, MD
Surgical Resident
Luminis Health Anne Arundel Medical
Center
Annapolis, Maryland
Management of Primary Chest Wall Tumors
Pathik Aravind, MD
Resident Physician
Yale University School of Medicine
New Haven, Connecticut
Treatment Trends in Locally Recurrent and
Metastatic Breast Cancer
Margaret W. Arnold, MD
Program Director
General Surgery
MedStar Baltimore
Baltimore, Maryland;
Associate Professor
Department of Surgery
Georgetown School of Medicine
Washington, DC
Treatment of Claudication
Chady Atallah, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Surgery
Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions
Baltimore, Maryland
Management of Radiation-Induced Injury to the
Small and Large Bowel
Management of Pruritus Ani
Andrea L. Axtell, MD, MPH
Surgical Fellow
Division of Thoracic Surgery
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts
Management of Tracheal Stenosis
Nilofer Azad, MD
Associate Professor
Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology
Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions
Baltimore, Maryland
Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Therapy for
Colorectal Cancer
Omaira Azizad, MD
Assistant Professor
Anesthesiology and Pain Management
University of Texas Southwestern Medical
Center
Dallas, Texas
ERAS Protocols for General Surgery
Alison M. Bales, MD
Fellow
Department of Surgery
Indiana University
Indianapolis, Indiana
Management of Pulmonary Parenchymal Injury
Adrian Barbul, MD
Professor
Department of Surgery
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Professor
Department of Surgery
Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital
Nashville, Tennessee
Is Nasogastric Intubation
Necessary After Alimentary Tract Surgery?
Philip S. Barie, MD, MBA, MCCM,
FSIS, FIDSA, FACS, MAMSE
Professor Emeritus of Surgery
Division of Trauma, Burns, Critical and
Acute Care
Weill Cornell Medical College
New York, New York
Burn Wound Management
Emilie C. Barnes, MD
Department of Surgery
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Management of Tumors of the Anal Region
Stephen L. Barnes, MD, FACS
Chair, Hugh E Stephenson Department of
Surgery
University of Missouri
Columbia, Missouri
Abdomen That Will Not Close
Erica Barnett, BA
MD Candidate
Department of Surgery
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts
Management of Acute Cholangitis
Reva Basho, MD
Assistant Professor
Medical Oncology
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
Director, Women’s Cancer Research
Ellison Institute for Transformative
Medicine
Los Angeles, California
Molecular Targets in Breast Cancer
Gary A. Bass, MD, MSc, MBA, PhD,
FEBS (EmSurg)
Assistant Professor
Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical
Care, and Emergency Surgery
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Acute Kidney Injury in the Injured
and Critically Ill
Richard J. Battafarano, MD, PhD
Associate Professor and Chief
Division of Thoracic Surgery
Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions
Baltimore, Maryland
Management of Paraesophageal Hernia Repair

CONTRIBUTORS
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vii
Solange Bayard, MD
General Surgery
NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell
Medicine
New York, New York
Surgical Management of the Axilla
Marshall S. Bedine, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Medicine
Division of Gastroenterology and
Hepatology
Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions
Baltimore, Maryland
Management of Acute Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction
(Ogilvie’s Syndrome)
Kevin E. Behrns, MD
Chief Medical Officer and Professor
Department of Surgery
University of Florida
Leesburg, Florida
Genetic Testing and High-Risk Pancreatic
Cancer Screening
Lauren Beliveau, MD
Vascular Fellow
Baylor Heart and Vascular Hospital
Dallas, Texas
Brachiocephalic Reconstruction
Elizabeth R. Benjamin, MD, PhD
Associate Clinical Professor
Department of Surgery
Emory University
Trauma Medical Director
Grady Memorial Hospital
Atlanta, Georgia
Management of Traumatic Liver Injury
David Berger, MD
Associate Professor
General and Gastrointestinal Surgery
Harvard Medical School
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts
Management of Acute Cholangitis
James H. Black III, MD, FACS
David Goldfarb MD Professor of Surgery
Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Chief, Vascular Surgery and Endovascular
Therapy
Johns Hopkins Hospital
Baltimore, Maryland
Management of Thoracic and Thoracoabdominal
Aortic Aneurysms
Alex B. Blair, MD
Surgical Resident
Johns Hopkins Hospital
Baltimore, Maryland
Management of Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Shivanand Bomman, MD
Gastroenterology Research Fellow
Center for Digestive Health
Virginia Mason Franciscan Health
Seattle, Washington
Pancreatic Ductal Disruptions Leading to
Pancreatic Fistula, Pancreatic Ascites, or
Pancreatic Pleural Effusion
Morgan Bonds, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Surgery
University of Oklahoma Health Sciences
Center
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
Management of Gallstone Ileus
Marylise Boutros, MD, FRCSC, FACS
Associate Professor
Department of Surgery
McGill University
Attending Surgeon
Colorectal Surgery
Jewish General Hospital
Montreal, Quebec
Management of Clostridioides Difficile Colitis
Justin Brilliant, MD
Resident Physician
Johns Hopkins Hospital
Baltimore, Maryland
Management of Refractory Ascites
L.D. Britt, MD, MPH, DSc (Hon),
FACS, FCCM
Henry Ford Professor and Edward J.
Brickhouse Chairman
Department of Surgery
Eastern Virginia Medical School
Norfolk, Virginia
Blunt Abdominal Trauma
Sacha P. Broccard, MD
Resident
Mayo Clinic
Jacksonville, Florida
Surgical Management of the Polyposis
Syndromes
Malcolm V. Brock, MD
Professor
Division of Thoracic Surgery
Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions
Baltimore, Maryland
Esophageal Function Tests
Mediastinal Masses
Ryan C. Broderick, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Surgery
Division of Minimally Invasive Surgery
UC San Diego
La Jolla, California
Management of Acute Cholecystitis
Stephen R. Broderick, MD, MPHS
Assistant Professor
Department of Surgery
Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions
Baltimore, Maryland
Management of Barrett’s Esophagus
Lawrence B. Brown, MD, MPH, MHS
General Surgery Resident
Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore, Maryland
Gastrointestinal Tubes for Feeding and
Decompression
Jill C. Buckley, MD
Professor
Department of Urology
UC San Diego Health System
San Diego, California
Renal and Ureteral Traumatic Injuries
Corinne Bunn, MD
Resident
Loyola University Medical Center
Chicago, Illinois
Buerger’s Disease (Thromboangiitis Obliterans)
Mark S. Burke, MD, FACS
Attending Surgeon
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Erie County Medical Center
Buffalo, New York
Breast Reconstruction Following Mastectomy:
Considerations, Techniques, and Outcomes,
Part 2
Richard A. Burkhart, MD
Associate Professor
Departments of Surgery and Oncology
Johns Hopkins Hospital and Johns Hopkins
University
Baltimore, Maryland
Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of
the Pancreas
Michael S. Burnim, MD
Fellow
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care
Medicine
Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland
COVID-19 and Health Care Delivery in a
Pandemic
William Reece Burns, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Surgery
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland
Management of Intrahepatic, Perihilar, and
Distal Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma

viii CONTRIBUTORS
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Errol L. Bush, MD, FACS
Surgical Director
Advanced Lung Disease and Transplant
Program
Associate Professor
Division of Thoracic Surgery
Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore, Maryland
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for
Respiratory Failure
Ronald W. Busuttil, MD, PhD
Distinguished Professor Emeritus and
Executive Chair
Department of Surgery
Founding Chief
Division of Liver and Pancreas
Transplantation
David Geffen School of Medicine at
University of California Los Angeles
Los Angeles, California
Management of Budd-Chiari Syndrome
Jo Buyske, MD
CEO and President
American Board of Surgery
Adjunct Professor
Department of Surgery
University of Pennsylvania Perelman School
of Medicine
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
The American Board of Surgery Certifying (Oral)
Examination
Kristine E. Calhoun, MD
Professor
Director of Medical Student Surgical
Education
University of Washington School of
Medicine
Seattle, Washington
Ductal and Lobular Carcinoma in situ of the
Breast
Nicholas A. Calotta, MD
Resident Physician
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland
Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers
Management of Cutaneous Melanoma
Richard P. Cambria, MD
Robert R. Linton Professor of Vascular and
End-Vascular Surgery
Harvard Medical School
Division of Vascular and Endovascular
Surgery
St. Elizabeth Medical Center
Boston, Massachusetts
Open Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneur ysms
Endovascular Treatment of Abdominal Aortic
Aneurysms
Melissa S. Camp, MD, MPH
Assistant Professor
Department of Surgery
Johns Hopkins Hospital
Baltimore, Maryland
Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell
Lymphoma
Yilin (Linda) Cao, MD
Resident Physician
Department of Radiation Oncology and
Molecular Radiation Sciences
Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland
Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Therapy for
Colorectal Cancer
Ned Z. Carp, MD
Barbara Brodsky Chief of Surgery and Chair
Department of Surgery
Lankenau Medical Center
Wynnewood, Pennsylvania
Management of Male Breast Cancer
Fabio Casciani, MD
Department of Surgery
University of Pennsylvania Perelman School
of Medicine
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Management of Complications After the
Whipple Procedure
Elliot L. Chaikof, MD, PhD
Johnson and Johnson Professor of
Surgery
Department of Surgery
Harvard Medical School
Chair, Roberta and Stephen R. Weiner
Department of Surgery
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Boston, Massachusetts
Popliteal and Femoral Artery Aneurysm
Ahmed Chatila, MD
Fellow
Department of Gastroenterology and
Hepatology
University of Maryland
Baltimore, Maryland
Pneumatosis Intestinalis and the Importance
for the Surgeon
Sophia Y. Chen, MD, MPH
Resident Physician
Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland
Management of Radiation-Induced Injury
to the Small and Large Bowel
Albert Chi, MSE, MD
Associate Professor
Division of Trauma, Critical Care, and Acute
Care Surgery
Oregon Health & Science University
Portland, Oregon
Fluid and Electrolyte Therapy
Timothy D. Chilton, DO
Resident Physician
Vascular and Endovascular Surgery
St. Louis University
St. Louis, Missouri
Management of Infected Grafts
Walter Cholewczynski, MD
Associate Chairman of Surgery
Director of Surgical Critical Care
Department of Surgery
Bridgeport Hospital
Bridgeport, Connecticut;
Clinical Assistant Professor
Department of Surgery
Yale School of Medicine
New Haven, Connecticut
Antibiotics in Surgical Critical Care
Michael A. Choti, MD, MBA
Chief, Department of Surgery
Banner MD Anderson Medical Center
Phoenix, Arizona
Surgical Management of Colon Cancer
Joani Christensen, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Surgery
Washington University in St. Louis School
of Medicine
St. Louis, Missouri
Lymphedema
Adrienne N. Christopher, MD
Resident Physician
Thomas Jefferson University Hospital
Clinical Research Fellow
Division of Plastic Surgery
University of Pennsylvania Hospital
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Use of Various Meshes in Hernia Repair
Anna Chudnovets, MD
General Surgery Specialist
Department of Surgery
Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions
Baltimore, Maryland
Preoperative Bowel Preparation: Is It Necessary?
Jose R. Cintron, MD
Chairman, Division of Colon and Rectal
Surgery (Retired)
John H. Stroger Hospital of Cook County
Associate Professor (Retired)
University of Illinois College of Medicine at
Chicago
Chicago, Illinois
Surgical Management of Constipation
Bryan M. Clary, MD, MBA
Professor and Chair
Department of Surgery
UC San Diego
San Diego, California
Management of Acute Cholecystitis
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