Файловый архив студентов. Файловый архив студентов.
1327 вузов, 5482 предметов.
/ Регистрация
FAQ Обратная связь Вопросы и предложения
Добавил:
kiopkiopkiop18@yandex.ru t.me/Prokururor I Вовсе не секретарь, но почту проверяю Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Ростовский Государственный Медицинский Университет
Предмет:
Медицина общая
Файл:

Ординатура / Хирургия / @xirurgi_2025 / @xirurgi_2025 - 625 - файл

.pdf
Скачиваний:
0
Добавлен:
29.08.2026
Размер:
20 Мб
Скачать
☆
34 Prophylactic Surgery forNeurosurgical Pathologies
Данная книга находится в списке для перевода на русский язык сайта https://meduniver.com/
413
a
bcd
ef g
Fig. 34.16 SCM type I in an 11-year-old patient with scoliosis and TCS.Radiological examinations show sco­liosis on preoperative radiograph (a), extradural spur on coronal, sagittal and axial CT examinations (b–d), inter­ruption of the cord at the level of lumbar-1 on T1- and T2-weighted sagittal and T2-weighted axial MRI views (e–g). The patient was operated on under general anesthe­sia and in the prone position. Bone spur after laminectomy
34.14 Dermal Sinus Tract
was explored at the level of lumbar-1. After the bone spur was excised, the double dura was exposed. The medial parts of both sides were opened. Medial dura sections were excised. Dura was planted to be one. Then, at the L4–5 level, the thick lum was explored and cut. The patient was very good after the operation. Subsequently, 3 months later, scoliosis surgery was performed by the orthopedic clinic
place. In cranium, it is the occipital region. The incidence rate is 1 in 2500–3000 live births.
Dermal sinus tract is an epithelial-lined canal that leads to a potential union between the skin surface and deep tissues. It is a pathology showing congenital development. Cutaneous portion of the tract is visible as a midline dim­ple. Lumbosacral region is the most common
MRI is essential to demonstrate both the extra­spinal and intraspinal component of the dermal sinus tract (Fig.34.17). If prophylactic surgery is performed before infection, TCS or neural compression, perfect results are obtained [81–85].
414
ab
Fig. 34.17 Lumber dermal sinus tract in 2-year-old girl. The patient was admitted with lumber purulent pus. Neurological examination was normal. T1- and T2-weighted sagittal (a, b) MRIs show a dermal sinus tract of lumber midline. Dermal sinus tract was excised between skin and intradural distance. Postoperative period was uneventful
from a failure of midline axial integration during
34.15 Spinal Lipomas
gastrulation. SCM is a rare form of spinal dysra­phism [74]. Type I SCM is a split cord, in which
Lipomyelomeningoceles (spinal lipomas) are in the occult spinal dysraphism group. It is respon­sible for primary tethered spinal cord syndrome. The purpose of the treatment: It is the elimination of the pathology that causes stretching by pre­venting the movement of the spinal cord in the canal in the cranial direction. Thus, the spinal cord is released. The best results can be obtained with early preventive treatment surgeries (Fig.34.18) [86–89].
each hemicord lies within a separate dural tube, and a brous spur or a bony spur divides the spi­nal cord. Type II SCM refers to a split cord, in which the two hemicords are contained within a single dural tube, separated by a brous or carti­laginous tissue [90].
Many children with SCMs, especially when it occurs as an isolated pathology, are born with nor­mal or nearly normal neurologic function. The most common skin nding is hypertrichosis. Other skin ndings are hyperpigmentation, capil­lary hemangioma, dimple, dermal sinus tract,
34.16 Split Cord Malformation
lipoma. Open spinal dysraphism may accompany. Orthopedic deformities, such as foot deformities,
Split cord malformation (SCM), also refered to as either diastematomyelia, double cord malfor­mation or diplomyelia, is believed to occur due to a failure in gastrulation preceding neural tube closure. Pang etal. [90] suggested that SCM is caused by an ontogenetic error that occurs when the primitive neurenteric channel is closed. Dias and Walker [69] suggested that SCM developed
leg-length discrepancy, pes cavus, talipes equin­ovarus, pes planus, scoliosis, kyphoscoliosis, are quite common. SCM is seen in approximately 5% of patients with congenital scoliosis or kyphosco­liosis. Radiological procedures used for the diag­nosis of SCM are spinal X-ray, ultrasound, CT scan, myelo-CT and MRI (Fig.34.19). In addition to scoliosis, spina bida, vertical laminar fusion,
N. Yüceer
ab
34 Prophylactic Surgery forNeurosurgical Pathologies
Данная книга находится в списке для перевода на русский язык сайта https://meduniver.com/
Fig. 34.18 Lumber lipomyelomeningocele in a 25-year-old woman. The patient presented with low back pain. Neurological examination was normal. Spinal T1- and T2-weighted MRI examinations showed lumber intradural lipoma (a, b). Spinal cord was released by removing the lipoma with prophylactic surgery. There was no problem after the operation
415
fused vertebral bodies, split vertebral body, scoli­osis, kyphoscoliosis, fused or deformed spinous processes, bid lamina, block vertebra, buttery vertebra and accessory lamina can be detected in direct vertebral radiographs. Before MRI, myelography and CT myelography were success­fully used. Three-dimensional CT is especially useful in imaging of type I malformation and accompanying scoliosis. With the widespread use of MRI, there has been an increase in SCM diag-
useful for follow-up periods. The most common level of septum is lumbar and thoracolumbar ver­tebrae. It is rarely seen in the cervical region. It is usually associated with Klippel-Feil syndrome. The degree of scoliosis increases with advancing age. Prophylactic surgical treatment is recom­mended before neurological symptoms, and signs appear in patients with SCM.Prophylactic surgi­cal treatment provides very good results. Surgical complication is very low [91–103].
noses. While MRI provides detailed information about SCM, it also provides detection in concom­itant pathologies, such as hydromyelia.
34.17 Chiari Malformation
Ultrasonography helps diagnosis during intrauter­ine and newborn periods. In the preoperative period, somatosensory-evoked potentials and uro­dynamic studies should be performed. This can be
Chiari malformations (CMs) represent a group of anomalies characterized by descent of the cere­bellar tonsils or vermis into the cervical spinal
416
ab c
N. Yüceer
def
Fig. 34.19 Scoliosis and syringomyelia in a 17-year-old patient with SCM type I. Spinal sagittal and axial CT scans (a–c) and three-dimensional (3D) CT examination (d) demonstrate spinal fusion at the L1, L2, L3 levels (a), bone spur at the L2 level of SCM type I (b, c), thoraco-
canal. Chiari type I malformation is a congenital hindbrain anomaly characterized by downward displacement of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum. Chiari type I is the most com­mon CM. It is estimated to occur in approxi­mately every 1in 1000 births. This is an adult type and tends to be diagnosed in the second or third decade of life. The most common clinical symptom is headache, especially localized in the
lumbar scoliosis (d). T2-weighted sagittal and axial MRIs show syringomyelia at the thoracal-12 level (e), double spinal canal of SCM type I (f). Prophylactic surgical inter­vention for type I SCM was performed. Postoperative period had no problems
suboccipital region. The most accompanying pathology of CM is syringomyelia (Fig.34.20). Type II is an associated meningomyelocele. Type III has the features of type II with an additional herniation of the entire cerebellum through the bony defect involving the foramen magnum, forming an encephalocele. Type IV is a form a cerebellar hypoplasia. The most valuable diag­nostic methods for diagnosis are MRI and CSF
34 Prophylactic Surgery forNeurosurgical Pathologies
Данная книга находится в списке для перевода на русский язык сайта https://meduniver.com/
417
Fig. 34.20 CM and syringomyelia in a 6-year-old male. The patient was admitted due to headache. Neurological examination was normal. Preoperative T1- and T2-weighted MRI examinations (a, b) show Chiari type I malformation associated with cervical syringomyelia. Craniocervical decompression and duraplasty were performed in the prone position under general anesthesia. He had no problems after surgery
a b
ow MRI. The commonly used method in the treatment is craniocervical decompression and duraplasty. Preventive surgical treatment without developing clinical ndings provides very good results [104–108].
34.18 Arachnoid Cysts
Arachnoid cysts are the most common intracra­nial cysts and make up 1% of all intracranial space-occupying lesions. We can divide arach­noid cysts into congenital and acquired arachnoid cysts. Congenital (real) arachnoid cysts are formed during the early embryonic formation of the primitive arachnoid membrane. Acquired arachnoid cysts develop as a result of trauma, hemorrhage, chemical irritation, tumor or inam­matory events after the cerebrospinal uid is trapped in the arachnoid scar tissue. They can be asymptomatic, as well as cause headache, vomit­ing, hydrocephalus ndings, endocrinological disorders, focal neurological ndings, seizures and cerebellar ndings in posterior fossa cysts. Arachnoid cysts that tend to be symptomatic are treated with prophylactic surgical treatment methods [109–114] (Fig.34.21).
34.19 CyberKnife Radiosurgery
forBrain Tumors
CyberKnife radiosurgery can sometimes be applied as an additional treatment option in both benign and malign brain tumors. It can be preferred for tumors with critical localization and less than 3cm in size. Vestibular schwannomas, meningiomas, pituitary adenomas, primary and metastatic malign brain tumors are the most preferred brain tumors in CyberKnife radiosurgery [115–131] (Fig.34.22). In addition to brain tumors, CyberKnife radiosur­gery is used as the primary or additional treatment in the treatment of cerebral AVMs [132, 133].
34.20 Conclusion
The prophylactic surgical treatment results in neu­rosurgical diseases are usually good if appropriate patient selection is made. The number of neurosur­gical diseases that can be planned for prophylactic surgery is many. Prophylactic surgical treatment should be planned without delay after diagnosis in cerebral aneurysms, tumors, hydrocephalus, con­genital and degenerative diseases that have a severe pressure effect on neural tissues.
418
gh
abc
N. Yüceer
Fig. 34.21 Left frontoparietal arachnoid cyst in an 11-year-old girl. The patient presented with a headache complaint. Neurological examination was normal. Preoperative CT scan (a) and T1-weighted axial MRI (b) examinations demonstrate a arachnoid cyst in the left
a
bc d
ef
frontotemporal localization. A cystoperitoneal shunt was placed in the patient under general anesthesia. The patient was good after the operation. Arachnoid cyst was smaller in the CT examination 3months later (c)
Fig. 34.22 Right vestibular schwannoma in a 60-year­old woman. The patient was admitted with hearing loss on the right side for 4 years. T1- and T2-weighted axial MRIs, and T1-weighted axial and coronal with contrast
References
1. Steiger HJ. Surgical prevention and therapy of cerebral ischemia. Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1993;123:1210–5.
2. Steiger HJ. Preventive neurosurgery: population­wide check-up examinations and correction of
MRIs show a vestibular schwannoma in the right side (a–d). The patient preferred CyberKnife radiosurgery. Control MRI examinations are seen 15months later (e–h). Signicant reduction in tumor size is not yet observed
asymptomatic pathologies of the nervous system. Acta Neurochir. 2006;148:1075–83.
3. Kahle KT, Kulkarni AV, Limbrick DD, Warf BC. Hydrocephalus in children. Lancet. 2016;387:788–99.
4. Venkataramana NK, Mukundan CR. Evaluation of functional outcomes in congenital hydrocephalus. J Pediatr Neurosci. 2011;6:4–12.
34 Prophylactic Surgery forNeurosurgical Pathologies
Данная книга находится в списке для перевода на русский язык сайта https://meduniver.com/
419
5. Venkataramana NK. Hydrocephalus Indian sce­nario—a review. J Pediatr Neurosci. 2011;6(Suppl
1):S11–22.
6. Tripathy S, Ahmad SR.Raised intracranial pressure syndrome: a stepwise approach. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2019;23(Suppl 2):S129–35.
7. Banan R, Hartmann C. The new WHO 2016 clas­sication of brain tumors-what neurosurgeons need to know. Acta Neurochir. 2017;159(3):403–18.
8. Duffau H, Taillandier L. New concepts in the man­agement of diffuse low-grade glioma: proposal of a multistage and individualized therapeutic approach. Neuro-Oncology. 2015;17:332–42.
9. Lima GL, Duffau H. Is there a risk of seizures in “preventive” awake surgery for inciden­tal diffuse low- grade gliomas? J Neurosurg. 2015;122:1397–405.
10. Lima GL, Zanello M, Mandonnet E, Taillandier L, Pallud J, Duffau H. Incidental diffuse low­grade gliomas: from early detection to preven­tive neuro-
oncological surgery. Neurosurg Rev.
2016;39:377–84.
11. Jenkinson MD, Javadpour M, Haylock BJ, et al. The ROAM/EORTC-1308 trial: radiation versus observation following surgical resection of atypical meningioma: study protocol for a randomised con­trolled trial. Trials. 2015;16:519.
12. Harati A, Satopää J, Mahler L, Billon-Grand R, Elsharkawy A, Niemelä M, Hernesniemi J. Early microsurgical treatment for spinal hemangioblasto­mas improves outcome in patients with von Hippel­Lindau disease. Surg Neurol Int. 2012;3:6.
13. Chen Y, Li ZF, Zhang FX, etal. Gamma knife sur­gery for patients with volumetric classication of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas: a system­atic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Endocrinol. 2013;169:487–95.
14. Esposito D, Olsson DS, Ragnarsson O, Buchfelder M, Skoglund T, Johannsson G. Non-functioning pituitary adenomas: indications for pituitary sur­gery and post-surgical management. Pituitary. 2019;22:422–34.
15. Molitch ME.Diagnosis and treatment of pituitary adenomas: a review. JAMA. 2017;317:516–24.
16. Penn DL, Burke WT, Laws ER.Management of non­functioning pituitary adenomas: surgery. Pituitary. 2018;21:145–53.
17. Razzaq AA, Jooma R, Ahmed S.Surgery for prolac­tinomas. J Pak Med Assoc. 2006;56:181–3.
18. Owonikoko TK, Arbiser J, Zelnak A, et al. Current approaches to the treatment of metastatic brain tumours. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2014;11:203–22.
19. Pollack IF, Agnihotri S, Broniscer A. Childhood brain tumors: current management, biological insights, and future directions. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2019;23(3):261–73.
20. Achrol AS, Steinberg GK.Personalized medicine in cerebrovascular neurosurgery: precision neurosur­gical management of cerebral aneurysms and sub­arachnoid hemorrhage. Front Surg. 2016;3:1–5.
21. Akers A, Salman RAS, Awad IA, et al. Synopsis of guidelines for the clinical management of cere­bral cavernous malformations: consensus recom­mendations based on systematic literature review by the Angioma Alliance Scientic Advisory Board Clinical Experts Panel. Neurosurgery. 2017;80:665–80.
22. Cenzato M, Tartara F, D’Aliberti G, etal. Unruptured versus ruptured AVMs: outcome analysis from a multicentric consecutive series of 545 surgically treated cases. World Neurosurg. 2018;110:e374–82.
23. Chung J, Seok JH, Kwon MA, Kim YB, Joo JY, Hong CK.Effects of preventive surgery for unrup­tured intracranial aneurysms on attention, executive function, learning and memory: a prospective cohort study. Acta Neurochir. 2016;158:197–205.
24. Hirai S, Ono J, Odaki M, Serizawa T, Sato M, Isobe K, et al. Treatment of asymptomatic unruptured intracranial aneurysms. A clinical decision analysis. Interv Neuroradiol. 2001;7(Suppl 1):61–4.
25. Inomiya K, Sakurai T, Kaihara S.Effectiveness of preventive surgery for asymptomatic unruptured intracranial aneurysms. Medinfo. 1995;8(2):889–93.
26. Inoue T. Treatment of incidental unruptured aneu­rysms. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2002;82:11–5.
27. Matsumoto K, Akagi K, Abekura M, Nakajima Y, Yoshiminie T.Investigation of the surgically treated and untreated unruptured cerebral aneurysms of the anterior circulation. Surg Neurol. 2003;60:516–22.
28. Yanagawa T, Harada Y, Hatayama T, Kono T.Rupture immediately after growth of unruptured intracra­nial aneurysms during follow-up. Surg Neurol Int. 2019;10:164.
29. Yoshimoto T, Mizoi K.Importance of management of unruptured cerebral aneurysms. Surg Neurol. 1997;47:522–5; discussion 525–6.
30. Levinson MM, Rodriguez DI. Endarterectomy for preventing stroke in symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Review of clinical trials and recom­mendations for surgical therapy. Heart Surg Forum. 1999;2:147–68.
31. Rajamani K, Chaturvedi S. Prevention of ischemic stroke: surgery. Curr Drug Targets. 2007;8(7):860–6.
32. Powers WJ, Clarke WR, Grubb RL, et al. Extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery for stroke prevention in hemodynamic cerebral ischemia the carotid occlusion surgery study randomized trial. JAMA. 2011;306:1983–92.
33. Kim T, Oh CW, Kwon OK, etal. Stroke prevention by direct revascularization for patients with adult­onset moyamoya disease presenting with ischemia. J Neurosurg. 2016;124(6):1788–93.
34. Galgano M, Toshkezi G, Qiu X, Russell T, Chin L, Zhao LR. Traumatic brain injury. Cell Transplant. 2017;26(7):1118–30.
35. Ommaya AK.Head injury mechanisms and the con­cept of preventive management: a review and critical synthesis. J Neurotrauma. 1995;12(4):527–46.
36. Teasdale GM. Head injury. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1995;58(5):526–39.
420
N. Yüceer
37. Mousavi SG, Amini M, Mousavi SH.Prevention of more complications in patients with head trauma. Int J Prev Med. 2013;4(10):1210–2.
38. Alizadeh A, Dyck SM, Karimi-Abdolrezaee S. Traumatic spinal cord injury: an overview of pathophysiology, models and acute injury mecha­nisms. Front Neurol. 2019;10:282.
39. Kumar N, Osman A, Chowdhury JR. Traumatic spinal cord injuries. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2017;8:116–24.
40. Rossignol S, Schwab M, Schwartz M, Fehlings MG.Spinal cord injury: time to move? J Neurosci. 2007;27:11782–92.
41. Menorca RMG, Fussell TS, Elfar JC. Peripheral nerve trauma: mechanisms of injury and recovery. Hand Clin. 2013;29:317–30.
42. Arnautovic K, Arnautovic A. Extramedullary intra­dural spinal tumors: a review of modern diagnostic and treatment options and a report of a series. Bosn J Basic Med Sci. 2009;9(Suppl 1):S40–5.
43. Ahn DK, Park HS, Choi DJ, etal. The surgical treat­ment for spinal intradural extramedullary tumors. Clin Orthop Surg. 2009;1(3):165–72.
44. Sahu RK, Das KK, Bhaisora KS, Singh AK, Mehrotra A, Srivastava AK, Sahu RN, Jaiswal AK, Behari S.Pediatric intramedullary spinal cord lesions: pathological spectrum and outcome of sur­gery. J Pediatr Neurosci. 2015;10(3):214–21.
45. Samartzis D, Gillis CC, Shih P, O’Toole JE, Fessler RG.Intramedullary spinal cord tumors: part I—epi­demiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis. Global Spine J. 2015;5(5):425–35.
46. Samartzis D, Gillis CC, Shih P, O’Toole JE, Fessler RG. Intramedullary spinal cord tumors: part II-management options and outcomes. Global Spine J. 2016;6(2):176–85.
47. Tobin MK, Geraghty JR, Engelhard HH, Linninger AA, Mehta AI.Intramedullary spinal cord tumors: a review of current and future treatment strategies. Neurosurg Focus. 2015;39(2):E14.
48. Gunes D, Uysal KM, Cetinkaya H, Tekin HG, Yuceer N, Sarialioglu F, Olgun N. Paravertebral malignant tumors of childhood: analysis of 28 pedi­atric patients. Childs Nerv Syst. 2009;25(1):63–9.
49. Chen Y, Guo Y, Chen D, etal. Diagnosis and surgery of ossication of posterior longitudinal ligament associated with dural ossication in the cervical spine. Eur Spine J. 2009;18:1541–7.
50. Dickerman RD, Reynolds AS, Bennett M.Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a complex problem where approach is patient dependent. Eur Spine J. 2010;19:150–1.
51. Lee SE, Jahng TA, Kim HJ.Surgical outcomes in patients with mild symptoms, but severely com­pressed spinal cord from cervical ossication of the posterior longitudinal ligament. J Clin Neurosci. 2016;33:163–8.
52. Taha AMS, Shue J, Lebl D, Federico Girardi F.Considerations for prophylactic surgery in asymp-
tomatic severe cervical stenosis. Musculoskelet J Hosp Spec Surg. 2015;11:31–5.
53. Awwad EE, Martin DS, Smith KR Jr, Baker BK. Asymptomatic versus symptomatic herniated thoracic discs: their frequency and characteristics as detected by computed tomography after myelogra­phy. Neurosurgery. 1991;28:180–6.
54. Takahashi K, Shima I, Porter RW. Nerve root pressure in lumbar disc herniation. Spine. 1999;24(19):2003–6.
55. Yeung JT, Johnson JI, Karim AS. Cervical disc herniation presenting with neck pain and contra­lateral symptoms: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2012;6:166.
56. Harel R, Knoller N. Acute cervical disk her­niation resulting in sudden and severe neuro­logic deterioration: a case series. Surg J (NY). 2016;2(3):e96–101.
57. Brouwer MC, van de Beek D.Epidemiology, diag­nosis, and treatment of brain abscesses. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2017;30:129–34.
58. Miranda HA, Castellar-Leones SM, Elzain MA, Moscote-Salazar LR. Brain abscess: current man­agement. J Neurosci Rural Pract. 2013;4(Suppl
1):S67–81.
59. Duishanbai S, Geng D, Liu C, et al. Treatment of intracranial hydatid cysts. Chin Med J. 2011;124:2954–8.
60. Tanki H, Singh H, Raswan U, etal. Pediatric intra­cranial hydatid cyst: a case series with literature review. Pediatr Neurosurg. 2018;53:299–304.
61. Clewell WH. Congenital hydrocephalus: treatment in utero. Fetal Ther. 1988;3(1–2):89–97.
62. Oi S, Inagabi T, Shinoda M, etal. Guideline for man­agement and treatment of fetal and congenital hydro­cephalus: center of excellence-fetal and congenital hydrocephalus top 10 japan guideline. Childs Nerv Syst. 2011;27(10):1563–70.
63. Johnson D, Wilkie AOM. Craniosynostosis. Eur J Hum Genet. 2011;19:369–76.
64. Sharma RK. Craniosynostosis. Indian J Plast Surg. 2013;46:18–27.
65. Kajdic N, Spazzapan P, Velnar T.Craniosynostosis— recognition, clinical characteristics, and treatment. Bosn J Basic Med Sci. 2018;18(2):110–6.
66. Buchanan EP, Xue Y, Xue AS, Olshinka A, Lam S. Multidisciplinary care of craniosynostosis. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2017;10:263–70.
67. Dias MS.Neurosurgical management of myelome­ningocele (spina bida). Pediatr Rev. 2005;26:50–60.
68. Thompson DNP.Spinal dysraphic anomalies, clas­sication, presentation and management. Pediatr Child Health. 2010;20:397–403.
69. Dias MS, Walker ML.The embryogenesis of com­plex dysraphic malformations: a disorder of gastru­lation? Pediatr Neurosurg. 1992;18:229–53.
70. Ryabykh SO, Pavlova OM, Savin DM, etal. Surgical management of myelomeningocele—related spinal deformities. World Neurosurg. 2018;112:e431–41.
34 Prophylactic Surgery forNeurosurgical Pathologies
Данная книга находится в списке для перевода на русский язык сайта https://meduniver.com/
421
71. Talamonti G, D’Aliberti G, Collice M. Myelomeningocele. Long term neurosurgical treatment and follow-up in 202 patients. J Neurosurg. 2007;107(5 Suppl):368–86.
72. Alexiou GA, Sfakianos G, Prodromou N.Diagnosis and management of cephaloceles. J Craniofac Surg. 2010;21:1581–2.
73. David DJ. Cephaloceles: classication, pathol­ogy, and management—a review. J Craniofac Surg. 1993;4:192–202.
74. Koyanagi I, Iwasaki Y, Hida K, Abe H, Isu T, Akino M. Surgical treatment supposed natural history of the tethered cord with occult spinal dysraphism. Childs Nerv Syst. 1997;13:268–74.
75. Peter JC. Occult dysraphism of the spine. A retro­spective analysis of 88 operative cases, 1979-1989. S Afr Med J. 1992;81:351–4.
76. Seki T, Hida K, Yano S, Houkin K.Surgical out­comes of pediatric patients with asymptom­atic tethered cord syndrome. Asian Spine J. 2018;12:551–5.
77. van der Meulen WD, Hoving EW, Staal­Schreinemacher A, Begeer JH.Analysis of differ­ent treatment modalities of tethered cord syndrome. Childs Nerv Syst. 2002;18:513–7.
78. Duz B, Gocmen S, Secer HI, Basal S, Gonul E. Tethered cord syndrome in adulthood. J Spinal Cord Med. 2008;31(3):272–8.
79. Yamada S, Won DJ, Siddiqi J, Yamada SM.Tethered cord syndrome: overview of diagnosis and treat­ment. Neurol Res. 2004;26(7):719–21.
80. O’Connor KP, Smitherman AD, Milton CK, et al. Surgical treatment of tethered cord syndrome in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World Neurosurg. 2020;137:e221–41.
81. Benzil DL, Epstein MH, Knuckey NW.Intramedullary epidermoid associated with an intramedullary spinal abscess secondary to a dermal sinus. Neurosurgery. 1992;30:118–21.
82. Kurisu K, Hida K, Yano S, Yamaguchi S, Motegi H, Kubota K, etal. Case of a large intra and extra med­ullary abscess of the spinal cord due to dermal sinus. No Shinkei Geka. 2008;36:1127–32.
83. Mishra SS, Panigrahi S.Thoracic congenital dermal sinus associated with intramedullary spinal dermoid cyst. J Pediatr Neurosci. 2014;9:30–2.
84. Mrowczynski OD, Lane JR, Shoja MM, Specht CS, Langan ST, Rizk EB.Double dermal sinus tracts of the cervical and thoracic regions: a case in a 3-year­old child and review of the literature. Childs Nerv Syst. 2018;34:987–90.
85. Naderi S, Nejat F, Shahjouei S, El Khashab M. Cranial dermal sinus: presentation, compli­cations and management. Pediatr Neurosurg. 2012;48(2):86–92.
86. da Rosa SP, Scavarda D, Choux M.Results of the prophylactic surgery of lumbosacral lipomas 20 years of experience in the Paediatric Neurosurgery Department La Timone Enfants Hospital, Marseille, France. Childs Nerv Syst. 2016;32:2205–9.
87. Kumar A, Mahapatra AK, Satyarthee GD.Congenital spinal lipomas: role of prophylactic surgery. J Pediatr Neurosci. 2012;7:85–9.
88. Roujeau T, James S, Forin V, Zerah M.Results of the prophylactic surgery of lumbosacral lipomas: the pendulum of management? Childs Nerv Syst. 2017;33:561–2.
89. Xiong Y, Yang L, Zhen W, Fangyong D, Feng W, Ting L.Conservative and surgical treatment of pedi­atric asymptomatic lumbosacral lipoma: a meta­analysis. Neurosurg Rev. 2018;41:737–43.
90. Pang D, Dias MS, Ahab-Barmada M.Split cord mal­formation: part I: a unied theory of embryogenes is for double spinal cord malformation. Neurosurgery. 1992;31:451–80.
91. Alnefaie N, Alharbi A, Alamer OB, Khairy I, Khairy S, Saeed MA, Azzubi M.Split cord malformation: presentation, management, and surgical outcome. World Neurosurg. 2020;136:e601–7.
92. Cheng B, Li FT, Lin L.Diastematomyelia. A retro­spective review of 138 patients. J Bone Joint Surg. 2012;94-B:365–72.
93. Erşahin Y, Mutluer S, Kocaman S, Demirtas E.Split cord malformations in children. J Neurosurg. 1998;88:57–65.
94. Gan Y, Sgouros S, Walsh A, Hockley A.Diastematomyelia in children: treatment outcome and natural history of associated syringomyelia. Childs Nerv Syst. 2007;23:515–9.
95. Gupta SK, Sharma BS, Khosla VK, Mathuriya SN, Pathak A, Tiwari MK.Diastematomyelia in adults: pathogenesis, MR imaging and management prin­ciples. Neurol India. 1998;46:319–22.
96. Huang SL, He XJ, Wang KZ, Lan BS.Diastematomyelia: a 35-year experience. Spine. 2013;38:E344–9.
97. Mahapatra AK.Split cord malformation—a study of 300 cases at AIIMS 1990-2006. J Pediatr Neurosci. 2011;6(Suppl 1):S41–5.
98. Mahapatra AK, Gupta DK. Split cord malforma­tions: a clinical study of 254 patients and a pro­posal for a new clinical—imaging classication. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2005;103:531–6.
99. Pang D.Split cord malformation: part II: the clinical syndrome. Neurosurgery. 1992;31:481–500.
100. Proctor MR, Scott RM. Long-term outcome for patients with split cord malformation. Neurosurg Focus. 2001;10:1–5.
101. Rawanduzy A, Murali R.Cervical spine diastemato­myelia in adulthood. Neurosurgery. 1991;28:459–61.
102. Schijman E. Split spinal cord malformations report of 22 cases and review of the literature. Childs Nerv Syst. 2003;19:96–103.
103. Shang AJ, Yang CH, Cheng C, Tao BZ, Zhang YZ, Gao HH, Bai SC.Microsurgical efcacy in 326 chil­dren with tethered cord syndrome: a retrospective analysis. Neural Regen Res. 2019;14:149–55.
104. Guinto G, Zamorano C, Dominguez F, et al. Chiari malformation. Part I. Contemp Neurosurg. 2004;26:1–7.
422
N. Yüceer
105. Haroun RI, Guarnieri M, Meadow JJ, Kraut M, Carson BS. Current opinions for the treatment of syringomyelia and chiari malformations: survey of the Pediatric Section of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Pediatr Neurosurg. 2000;33:311–7.
106. Passias PG, Pyne A, Horn SR, etal. Developments in the treatment of Chiari type 1 malformations over the past decade. J Spine Surg. 2018;4(1):45–54.
107. Baisden J. Controversies in chiari I malformations. Surg Neurol Int. 2012;3(Suppl 3):S232–7.
108. Abd-El-Barr MM, Strong CI, Groff MW. Chiari malformations: diagnosis, treatments and failures. J Neurosurg Sci. 2014;58(4):215–21.
109. Chen Y, , Fang HJ, Li ZF, etal. Treatment of middle cranial fossa arachnoid cysts: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World Neurosurg 2016;92:480–490.
110. Tsutsumi S, Kondo A, Yasumoto Y, Ito M. Asymptomatic huge congenital arachnoid cyst successfully treated by endoscopic surgery—case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2008;48:405–8.
111. Karabatsou K, Hayhurst C, Buxton N, O’Brien DF, Mallucci CL. Endoscopic management of arach­noid cysts: an advancing technique. J Neurosurg. 2007;106(6 Suppl):455–62.
112. Helland CA, Wester K. Arachnoid cysts in adults: long-term follow-up of patients treated with internal shunts to the subdural compartment. Surg Neurol. 2006;66(1):56–61; discussion 61.
113. Tan Z, Li Y, Zhu F, et al. Children with intracra­nial arachnoid cysts: classication and treatment. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015;94(44):e1749.
114. Hayes MJ, TerMaath SC, Crook TR, Killeffer JA.A review on the effectiveness of surgical interven­tion for symptomatic intracranial arachnoid cysts in adults. World Neurosurg. 2019;123:e259–72.
115. Rykaczewski B, Zabek M. A meta-analysis of treatment of vestibular schwannoma using gamma knife radiosurgery. Contemp Oncol (Pozn). 2014;18(1):60–6.
116. Boari N, Bailo M, Gagliardi F, etal. Gamma knife radiosurgery for vestibular schwannoma: clinical results at long-term follow-up in a series of 379 patients. J Neurosurg. 2014;121(Suppl):123–42.
117. Braunstein S, Ma L. Stereotactic radiosurgery for vestibular schwannomas. Cancer Manag Res. 2018;10:3733–40.
118. Smith DR, Saadatmand HJ, Wu CC, etal. Treatment outcomes and dose rate effects following gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery for vestibular schwan­nomas. Neurosurgery. 2019;85(6):E1084–94.
119. Liu A, Kuhn EN, Lucas JT, etal. Gamma knife radio­surgery for meningiomas in patients with neurobro­matosis type 2. J Neurosurg. 2015;122(3):536–42.
120. Mori Y, Tsugawa T, Hashizume C, Kobayashi T, Shibamoto Y. Gamma knife stereotactic radiosur­gery for atypical and malignant meningiomas. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2013;116:85–9.
121. Park SH, Kano H, Niranjan A, etal. Gamma knife radiosurgery for meningiomas arising from the tentorium: a 22-year experience. J Neuro-Oncol. 2015;121(1):129–34.
122. Salvetti DJ, Nagaraja TG, Levy C, Xu Z, Sheehan J.Gamma knife surgery for the treatment of patients with asymptomatic meningiomas. J Neurosurg. 2003;119:487–93.
123. Sheehan JP, Starke RM, Mathieu D, etal. Gamma knife radiosurgery for the management of nonfunc­tioning pituitary adenomas: a multicenter study. J Neurosurg. 2013;119:446–56.
124. Bir SC, Murray RD, Ambekar S, Bollam P, Nanda A.Clinical and radiologic outcome of gamma knife radiosurgery on nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base. 2015;76(5):351–7.
125. Lee CC, Kano HK, Yang HC, et al. Initial gamma knife radiosurgery for nonfunctioning pituitary ade­nomas. J Neurosurg. 2014;120(3):647–54.
126. Dai C, Liu X, Ma W, Wang R. The treatment of refractory pituitary adenomas. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2019;10:334.
127. Horiba A, Hayashi M, Tamura N, etal. Gamma knife treatment of malignant infantile brain tumors—case report. J Radiosurg SBRT. 2018;5(3):249–53.
128. Mann J, Ramakrishna R, Magge R, Wernicke AG. Advances in radiotherapy for glioblastoma. Front Neurol. 2017;8:748.
129. Park ES, Lee EJ, Yun JH, et al. Gamma knife radiosurgery for metastatic brain tumors with exophytic hemorrhage. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2018;61(5):592–9.
130. Higuchi Y, Yamamoto M, Serizawa T, etal. Modern management for brain metastasis patients using stereotactic radiosurgery: literature review and the authors’ gamma knife treatment experiences. Cancer Manag Res. 2018;10:1889–99.
131. Hatipoglu MA, Tuzgen S, Akdur K, Chang EL. Treatment of high numbers of brain metasta­ses with gamma knife radiosurgery: a review. Acta Neurochir. 2016;158(4):625–34.
132. Bitaraf MA, Katoozpour R, Azar M, et al. Radiosurgery in treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformation: mid-term results of 388 cases from a single center. Asian J Neurosurg. 2017;12(2):159–66.
133. Hasegawa H, Hanakita S, Shin M, etal. Comparison of the long-term efcacy and safety of gamma knife radiosurgery for arteriovenous malformations in pediatric and adult patients. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2018;58(6):231–9.
Соседние файлы в папке @xirurgi_2025
Помощь Обратная связь Вопросы и предложения Пользовательское соглашение Политика конфиденциальности