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2 Nomenclature ofSegments
Fig. 2.8 Veins branches of a
lingual segment of left upper
lobe (Red for arteries; Green
for bronchi; Blue for veins)
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J. Liu and J. Wang
2.4.4 Lower Lobes (Fig.2.9)
1. V6 (V.superius)
(a) V6: between S6a and S6b+c
(b) V6b: between S6b and S6c, and between S6 and S
(c) V6c: between S6c and S10a (or S7a only in the right
side)
8+9
2. V7 (V.mediobasalis) (only right side)
(a) V7a: between S7a and S7b
(b) V7b: between S7b and S8b
3. V8 (V.ventrobasalis)
(a) V8a: between S8a and S8b
(b) V8b: between S8b and S9b
4. V9 (V.laterobasalis)
(a) V9a: between S9a and S9b
(b) V9b: between S9b and S10b
5. V10 (V.dorsobasalis)
(a) V10a: between S10a and S10c
(b) V10b: between S10b and S10c
(c) V10c: among S10c
Suggested Reading
1. Ginsberg RG, Rubinstein LV.Randomized trial of lobectomy versus
limited resection for T1N0 non-small cell lung cancer. Lung cancer
study group. Ann Thorac Surg. 1995;60:615–22.
2. Cao C, D’Amico T, Demmy T, Dunning J, Gossot D, Hansen H,
etal. Less is more: a shift in the surgical approach to non-small-cell
lung cancer. Lancet Respir Med. 2016;4:e11–2.
3. Schuchert M, Pettiford B, Keeley S, D’Amato T, Kilic A, Close J,
etal. Anatomic segmentectomy in the treatment of stage I non-small
cell lung cancer. Ann Thorac Surg. 2007;84:926–33.
Fig. 2.9 Veins branches of the lower lobe (Red for arteries; Green for
bronchi; Blue for veins)
3D Reconstruction ofLung by MIMICS
SongtaoLiu
3
3.1 Introduction toMIMICS Software
MIMICS is an interactive tool for 3D visualization, tomographic image segmentation processing, and 3D rendering.
The tool reads DICOM image formats (CT, MRI, MicroCT,
MicroMRI, Industrial CT, etc.) and non-DICOM common
image formats (BMP, TIFF, etc.) interactively.
Users can use segmentation and editing tools to manipulate image data to select regions of interest (ROI) such as
bone, soft tissue, and skin. Once an ROI has been segmented,
it can be reconstructed to obtain a comprehensive observative 3D model, which can be rotated, panned, zoomed in,
zoomed out, changed in transparency, clipped, etc. The software compares 2D images with 3D data for accurate model
detections and makes regular anatomical measurements such
as distance, angle, and area calculations.
With the foundation of accurate 3D models and the use of
optional MIMICS modules, we can realize 3D-based models
in the elds of biomedical, medical, and materials for measurement and analysis, simulation, forward design, additive
manufacturing, 3D printing, Finite Element Analysis (FEA),
and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling.
3.2 Introduction toMIMICS Lung 3D
Reconstruction
The MIMICS software (Fig.3.1) implements a new module
targeting lung reconstruction that uses innovative software
algorithms to help users segment the trachea, lungs, and
lobes more efciently and accurately. There is a built-in fast
centerline calculation function that automatically marks the
anatomy of lung trachea using the internationally acknowledged lung trachea marking method. It automatically
matches the light-cured stereolithography (STL) les of the
two sets of lung trachea during inhalation and expiration to
analyze the volume changes before and after breathing.
Depending on a user’s needs, the software can digitally cut
the ends of the lung trachea at an angle tangent to the centerline, facilitating FEA and CFD analysis.
S. Liu (*)
Zhenyuan (Tianjin) Medical Device Technology Co.,
Tianjin, China
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023
J. Liu, D. Wu (eds.), Segmentectomy for Early-Stage Lung Cancer, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0143-2_3
11
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Fig. 3.1 Automatic
segmentation of bronchial and
pulmonary boundaries by
MIMICS software
S. Liu
3.3 MIMICS Reconstruction Steps
1. Select and import the required CT le (Fig.3.2)
2. Second, start the lung reconstruction and use this command for tracheal reconstruction (Fig.3.3)
3. Third, nodal screening was performed and reconstruction
was performed (Fig.3.4)
4. Performing revascularization
(a) Select the appropriate threshold box, and select the
region (Fig.3.5)
(b) Raise the desired vessel from the soft tissue (Fig.3.6)
(c) The proposed vessels are divided by arterioles
(Fig.3.7)
(d) Modify the incorrect arterial vein (Fig.3.8)
(e) Generate the modied vessels from the top masks
layer to the bottom objects layer (Fig.3.9)
5. Perform reconstruction of the distal trachea (Fig.3.10)
6. Undertaking reconstruction of the lung lobes
(a) Perform a tracheal centerline extraction (Fig.3.11)
(b) Generation of bilateral lung contours and lobar s-
sures by tracheal centerline (Fig.3.12)
(c) Click Next to segment the lung lobes (Fig.3.13)
7. Performing segmentation of lung segments (Fig.3.14)
8. Completion of lung reconstruction (Fig.3.15)
3 3D Reconstruction ofLung by MIMICS
Fig. 3.2 Importing CT les
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Fig. 3.3 Start of lung
reconstruction
S. Liu
3 3D Reconstruction ofLung by MIMICS
Fig. 3.4 Performing nodal
screening
Fig. 3.5 Vascular
reconstruction by rst
selecting the appropriate
threshold box
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Fig. 3.6 Extraction of the
desired blood vessels
S. Liu
3 3D Reconstruction ofLung by MIMICS
Fig. 3.7 Arteriovenous
segmentation
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Fig. 3.8 Modify the incorrect
arterial vein
S. Liu
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