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Subunits andAnatomical Considerations
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e
f
g
Fig. 9.15 Skin graft reconstruction. (a) Markings for excision and neck skin graft, (b) Excision
defect, (c) Skin graft sutured and quilted in place, (d) Quilting sutures anterior surface and donar
site closure, (e) Markings for excision, (f) Excision defect over bare cartilage, (g) Cartilage perforations with smal punch, (h) Skin graft quilted and sutured in place, (i) Appearance quilting from
anterior surface
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Fig. 9.15 (continued)
9 Auricular Reconstruction
Subunits andAnatomical Considerations
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Advancement Flap
Indications: Medium/large defects.
Technique: Two parallel incisions are made from the superior and inferior mar-
gins of the defect and extended across the auriculocephalic sulcus onto the mastoid
skin. The ap is initially raised above the perichondrium in the pinna and above the
periosteum overlying the mastoid. The mobilised ap is suture into the defect in
layers (Fig.9.16a–c, d–g).
Tips: The difference in length of the aps will have to be accommodated by dif-
ferential suturing and any dog ears that results will have to be corrected. Additional
subcutaneous sutures along the auriculocephalic sulcus will help prevent “tenting”
of the ap. The reconstruction can interfere with the t of a hearing aid and would
have to be discussed with the patient.
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9 Auricular Reconstruction
a
b
c d
Fig. 9.16 Advancement ap. (a) Markings for excision and ap, (b) Excision defect and ap
raised, (c) Final closure, (d) Excision defect, (e) Flap raised, (f) Final closure - posterior view, (g)
Final closure - anterior view
Subunits andAnatomical Considerations
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e
f
g
Fig. 9.16 (continued)
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9 Auricular Reconstruction
Post-auricular Transposition Flaps
Indications: Skin+/−cartilage defect.
Technique: A template is made to accurately reect the defect and the dimen-
sions marked out in the posterior auricular/mastoid skin. The ap can be raised on a
superior or inferiorly based pedicle, consisting of skin, subcutaneous tissue and
post-auricular muscle. The margins of the ap are incised down to periosteum, and
the ap raised in the supra-periosteal plane. The secondary defect can be closed
primarily by undermining the surrounding tissues. The transfer can be carried out as
a single-stage or two-stage procedure, depending on the location and size of the
defect (Fig.9.17a–f, See also Fig.9.11a–g).
Tips: The pinna might be “pinned” back when the secondary defect extends
across the auriculocephalic sulcus. This can interfere with the t of an existing hearing aid and would have to be discussed with the patient.
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c
e
Fig. 9.17 Post auricular transposition ap. (a) Markings for excision, (b) Markings for excision
and ap, (c) Excision defect, (d) Flap raised, (e) Flap transposed into defect, (f) Final closure
d
f
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9 Auricular Reconstruction
Rhombic Flap
Indications: Medium defects. For defects that are rhomboid or can be converted
into a rhombus, the Limberg ap offers the advantage of utilising the skin laxity in
the inferior aspect of the pinna.
Technique: Though technically four aps can be raised for any given defect, it
is often based inferiorly, determined by the tissue laxity and the orientation of the
eventual scars. An incision is made by extending the short diagonal by a length
equal to one side of the defect and a further incision is made from its extremity
parallel to the adjacent side of the defect, again of equal length. The wound is closed
in layers (Fig.9.18a–d).
Tips: The amount of skin available in the adjacent area can be assessed using the
“pinch test”. With a rhomboid ap, some but not all the scars can be placed along
the skin creases. It is often easier to close the secondary defect rst followed by the
primary defect. In the case of circular defects, it is not always necessary to remove
additional tissue to convert the defect into a rhomboid.
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c
Fig. 9.18 Rhombic ap. (a) Excision defect and ap markings, (b) Flap transfered into defect, (c)
Final closure, (d) Post operative appearance
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9 Auricular Reconstruction
Lobule
Primary Closure
Indications: Small/medium defects.
Technique: The lesion is excised with adequate margins and the defect modied
into a triangle. Sufcient mobility is often present in the lobule, and the wound is
closed in layers (Fig.9.19a–c).
Tips: There is often a reduction in height and width of the lobule.
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