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AlbertoDiGiuseppe
FrancoBassetto
FoadNahai
Editors
Fat Transfer in
Plastic Surgery
Techniques, Technology and Safety
123

Fat Transfer in Plastic Surgery

Alberto DiGiuseppe • Franco Bassetto
Foad Nahai
Editors
Fat Transfer in Plastic Surgery
Techniques, Technology andSafety

Editors
Alberto DiGiuseppe
Department of Plastic surgery
Plastic Surgery- University of Padova
Padova, Italy
Foad Nahai
The Center for Plastic Surgery at Metroderm
Atlanta, GA, USA
Franco Bassetto
Univ of Padova, Plastic Surgery Clinic
Padova, Italy
ISBN 978-3-031-10880-8 ISBN 978-3-031-10881-5 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10881-5
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or
part of the material is concerned, specically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,
broadcasting, reproduction on microlms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and
retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter
developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not
imply, even in the absence of a specic statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and
regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed
to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty,
expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been
made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional afliations.
This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

The pandemic needlessly claimed millions of victims, disrupted and forever
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changed even more lives. This book was conceived and completed during that
disruptive time. As we emerge from the nightmare of the pandemic, we
recognize our front-line healthcare workers who placed their own health and
lives at risk whilst selessly caring for the victims of COVID.We dedicate this
book to healthcare workers worldwide: from the front-line medics,
paramedics, and nurses to the doctors who worked tirelessly to save lives.
We thank you for your dedication, hard work, and service to humanity. We are
indebted to you all.

Foreword
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The use of adipose tissuein aesthetic and reconstructive procedures has gained tremendous
importance during the last three decades and has nowadays become state-of-the-art.
In the last 30 years, when Sydney Coleman developed his dened “Lipostructuring” protocol medical doctors from various disciplines, especially plastic surgeons and basic researchers
worldwide have intensely worked on the optimization of lipoaspirate processing. The techniques of harvesting, processing, and injecting fat grafts have been further developed.
In addition to the macro-fat graft technique developed by Sydney Coleman [1], the milli-fat
graft technique described by Stephen Cohen [2] and the micro-fat graft technique introduced
by Guy Magalon [3] have been used for different indications. Patrick Tonnard’s development
of the nano-fat technique has not only taken Regenerative Aesthetic Surgery a big step further
but has also extended its use to various medical indications [4]. Norbert Pallua [5] with his
lipoconcentrate optimized the use of emulsied fat grafts for regenerative indications by a
mechanical technique getting a signicantly higher number of stromal vascular fraction (SVF)
cells, adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) when compared to the native fat and the nano fat.
Fat grafting became an important tool in Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery to improve the
appearance of scars and aged skin as well as to correct facial and body contour defects.
Traditional body contouring methods with silicone implants on the breasts and buttocks have
been supplemented and partially replaced by an alternative of grafting with autologous fat
tissue.
An immense number of experimental and clinical studies have been focusing on an increased
retention rate as well as on an optimized regenerative effect of fat grafts and ASCs [6]. In his
chapter in this book, the working group of Ramon Llull discusses the volumetric and regenerative components of fat grafts.
For increased retention—in addition to the improvement of the fat harvesting and grafting
technique—the high signicance of angiogenic growth factors contained in fat cells has been
demonstrated [7]. High-quality research projects, such as Maxim Geeroms, aimed to reduce
brosis and to improve vascularization by an enrichment of the transplanted fat grafts with
EPCs—he addresses this approach in his chapter [8].
Since Patricia Zuk discovered ASCs, the regenerative potential of adipose tissue has become
an important area in Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery [9]. Over the past 20 years, the regenerative
effect of fat grafts has been scientically studied and mainly attributed to the SVF cells with
the ASCs to the angiogenic growth factors and to the proliferation of the keratinocytes [10].
This progress in the eld of regenerative capacities of fat grafts and especially ASCs has
opened new indications and applications. In this way, the spectrum of clinical use of fat grafts
in many medical elds has expanded enormously.
Fat grafting as a minimal-invasive procedure has become more and more established in
many specialties that Plastic Surgeons share with other medical elds, for example, in
Dermatology for the treatment of scleroderma; in Orthopedics for the regeneration of articular
cartilage in the hip and knee joints; in Gynecology for augmentation of the female genitalia; in
Hand Surgery for the treatment of rhizarthrosis or Dupuytren’s disease. Thus, Plastic Surgery
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has also become a link between different medical disciplines through its interdisciplinary use
in many areas of the body.
In this book Fat Transfer in Plastic Surgery: Techniques, Technology and Safety edited by
Alberto Di Giuseppe, Franco Bassetto, and Foad Nahai published by Springer, 46 chapters
cover important clinical and scientic aspects of fat grafting and Regenerative Plastic Surgery.
In the three parts of the book, more than 30 invited authors and their co-authors describe
general concepts, technologies, as well as new and established surgical procedures of fat grafting. The editors have invited national and international authors according to their expertise,
which guarantees this book’s high clinical and scientic level. The articles of these international experts encompass the current concepts, techniques, and technologies and provide an
outlook on the future of fat grafting as well as on Regenerative Plastic Surgery. It is particularly
noteworthy that several chapters in this book deal with the safety of fat grafting, which is of
great importance as a guide especially for younger, but also for established colleagues.
The publication of this book which reects the current standard of research and clinical use,
and the safety of adipose tissue transfer contributes signicantly to the establishment of fat
grafting and regenerative medicine. It will serve as a textbook and guideline for fat grafting for
young plastic surgeons and for established colleagues from different medical specialties.
References
1. Coleman SR.Facial recontouring with lipostructure. Clin Plast Surg 1997;24:347–67.
2. Cohen SR, Hewett S,Ross L, Delaunay F,Goodacre A,Ramos C, Leong T, Saad A,
Regenerative cells for facial surgery: biolling and biocontouring. Aesthetic Surg J.
2017;37(Issue suppl 3):S16–32.
3. Nguyen PS, Desouches C, Gay AM, Hautier A, Magalon G. Development of micro-
injection as an innovative autologous fat graft technique: the use of adipose tissue as dermal ller. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2012;65(12):1692–99.
4. Tonnard P, Verpaele A, Peeters G, Hamdi M, Cornelissen M, Declercq H.Nanofat graft-
ing: basic research and clinical applications. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2013;132(4):1017–26.
5. Pallua N, Grasys J, Kim BS.Enhancement of progenitor cells by two-step centrifugation
of emulsied lipoaspirates. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2018;142:99–109.
6. Coleman SR.Long-term survival of fat transplants: controlled demonstrations. Aesthetic
Plast Surg. 1995;19:421–5.
7. Pallua N, Pulsfort AK, Suschek C, Wolter TP.Content of the growth factors bFGF, IGF-1,
VEGF, and PDGF-BB in freshly harvested lipoaspirate after centrifugation and incubation. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009;123(3):826–33.
8. Geeroms M, Hamdi M, Hirano R, Hagiwara H, Fujimura S, Mizuno H, Tanaka R.Quality
and quantity-cultured murine endothelial progenitor cells increase vascularization and
decrease brosis in the fat graft. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2019;143(4):744e–55e.
9. Zuk PA, Zhu M, Mizuno H, Huang J, Futrell JW, Katz AJ, Benhaim AL, Lorenz HP,
Hedrick MH.Multilineage cells from human adipose tissue: implications for cell-based
therapies. Tissue Eng. 2001;7(2):211–18.
10. Kim BS, Gaul C, Paul NE, Dewor M, Stromps JP, Hwang SS, Nourbakhsh M, Bernhagen
J, Rennekampff HO, Pallua N.The effect of lipoaspirates on human keratinocytes. Aesthet
Surg J. 2016;36(8):941–51.
Foreword
Düsseldorf, Germany NorbertPallua

Preface
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Over the past decade or so, fat transfer has become one of the most effective “weapons” or
addition to the practice of Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery.
We undertook the task of editing this book in an attempt to acquaint the medical profession
with the latest studies, research, techniques, trends, and technologies on fat transfer to breast,
buttocks, and face for aesthetic and reconstructive purposes.
Fat affords unique opportunity to enhance aesthetic outcomes in:
Breast augmentation, on its own or combined with breast implants (hybrid technique).
Body contouring procedures, where simultaneous fat removal and fat grafting are now
state-of-the-art to enhance body contouring outcomes.
High-denition techniques in body shaping to enhance abdominal contour and etching,
augmentation of pectoralmuscles, deltoid, biceps and triceps reshaping with additional fat
offer new options for total body contour enhancements.
New technologies, such as laser liposuction, vaser ultrasound liposuction, and expanded
vibro liposuction, have been successfully applied to fat transfer facilitating the technique making it easier and faster whilst retaining.
A high percentage of viable fat effecting fat survival rates.
New technologies for fat processing, concentration, and rinsing (revolve canister) have
been instrumental in improving fat quality for transfer.
The book includes the latest advancement in research and clinical studies to enhance the
safety of Buttock Fat Grafting (Brazilian Butt Lift) BBL.
The numerous fatal events connected with the procedure have been extensively researched
and studied in the last 5 years.
The research has led to guidelines including limiting the fat grafting to the subcutaneous
layer and avoiding intra- or submuscular deposition of fat.
Technologies as portable ultrasound to guide fat deposition have been added to standard
practice of fat buttock transfer, in order to continuously check the level of fat inltrations.
I want to thank Franco Bassetto and Foad Nahai, two great friends beyond their international reputation in aesthetic plastic and reconstructive surgery, for the continuous support and
help in editing such a book.
Finally, I must mention that editing a book in the time of the pandemic has been challenging
and more time consuming than normal times.
Reasons for the challenges are psychological, such as less enthusiasm during the darkest
days of the pandemic. Finally, despite a bit delay, the “baby,” this new book is here.
The book is complimented by videos of the latest techniques and technologies.
I trust our readers will nd the book interesting and valuable.
Finally, a heartfelt thanks to Juliette Kleemann of Springer for the great support from the
start with encouragement and patience leading to the realization of the book.
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Thank you Rakesh Jotheeswaran, book manager, for your great patience and perseverance
over these months and your meticulous attention to the details of the book.
Enjoy the book!
Padova, Italy AlbertoDi Giuseppe
Padova, Italy FrancoBassetto
Atlanta, GA, USA FoadNahai
Preface

Contents
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Part I General Concepts
1 Safety in Body Contouring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Andrew L. Weinstein and Foad Nahai
2 Gluteal Fat Transfer: A Scientific Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Deniz Sarhaddi, Caitlin Francoisse, and Foad Nahai
3 Large Volume and Combined Fat Grafting Surgery in Postbariatric
Patients: Safety Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Franco Bassetto, Laura Pandis, and Carlotta Scarpa
4 Fat Transfer During the Pandemic COVID-19 Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Franco Bassetto and Facchin Federico
5 Fat Grafting as an Ancillary Treatment for Burns, Other Complex Wounds,
and Their Sequelae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Nelson Sarto Piccolo, Mônica Sarto Piccolo, Nelson de Paula Pìccolo,
and Paulo de Paula Piccolo
6 Efficacy and Safety of Cell-Enriched Fat Grafting in the Breast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Valerio Cervelli, Gabriele Storti, and Andrea A. Pierro
7 Enrichment of the Fat Graft with Vascular Stem Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Maxim Geeroms, Moustapha Hamdi, and Rica Tanaka
8 Volumetric and Regenerative Components of Fat Graft: Positioning
in the Fat-Nanofat Spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Marion W. Tapp, Kelsey M. Lloyd, Adam J. Katz, and Ramon Llull
9 Fat Transfer to Improve Results after Breast Surgery and in
Breast Abnormalities
M. W. Payne and J. M. M. Nijboer
10 N.I.L.—Nutational Infrasonic Liposculpture. Lipo and Lipofilling . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Ângelo Rebelo
Part II Technologies
11 Stromal-Enriched Lipograft™: Combining Chemical Automatic Cell Station
and Mechanical Lipocube for Supercharged Fat Graft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Aris Sterodimas
12 The Legacy of Micro-Autologous Fat Transplantation: A Reality from
Evidence-Based Medicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Tsai-Ming Lin, Hidenobu Takahashi, and Chih-Kong Chou
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
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