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3031311673.
248. Sosa, D., Carola, N., Levitt, S., Patel, V., & Tokgöz, E. (2023). Surgical approaches used for
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250. Tokgöz, E. (2023). Preexisting conditions leading to total hip arthroplasty. In Total hip
arthroplasty: Medical and biomedical engineering and science concepts. Springer. ISBN #:
9783031089268.
251. Tokgöz, E. (2023). Perioperative patient care for total hip arthroplasty. In Total hip
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9783031089268.
252. Tokgöz, E. (2023). Surgical approach comparisons in total hip arthroplasty. In Total hip
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253. Tokgöz, E. (2023). Complications of total hip arthroplasty. In Total hip arthroplasty: Medical
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254. Tokgöz, E. (2023). Medical improvement suggestions for total hip arthroplasty. In Total hip
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robotics on total hip arthroplasty patients from manufacturing of implants to recovery after
surgery. In Total hip arthroplasty: Medical and biomedical engineering and science concepts.
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258. Tokgöz, E. (2023). Optimization for total hip arthroplasty applications. In Total hip
arthroplasty: Medical and biomedical engineering and science concepts. Springer. ISBN #:
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259. Tokgöz, E. (2023). Artificial intelligence, deep learning, and machine learning applications in
total hip arthroplasty. In Total hip arthroplasty: Medical and biomedical engineering and
science concepts. Springer. ISBN #: 9783031089268.
260. Tokgöz, E. (2023). Advancing engineering of total hip arthroplasty. In Total hip arthroplasty:
Medical and biomedical engineering and science concepts. Springer. ISBN #: 9783031089268.
261. Tokgöz, E., Levitt, S., Patel, V., Carola, N., & Sosa, D. (2023). Biomechanics of total knee
arthroplasty. In Total knee arthroplasty: Medical and biomedical engineering and science
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knee arthroplasty. In Total knee arthroplasty: Medical and biomedical engineering and science
concepts. Springer. ISBN #: 978-3-031-31099-7.
263. Tokgöz, E., Sosa, D., Carola, N., Levitt, S., & Patel, V. (2023). Impact of manufacturing on
total knee arthroplasty. In Total knee arthroplasty: Medical and biomedical engineering and
science concepts. Springer. ISBN #: 978-3-031-31099-7.
264. Tokgöz, E., Patel, V., Carola, N., Sosa, D., & Levitt, S. (2023). Optimization investigations on
total knee arthroplasty. In Total knee arthroplasty: Medical and biomedical engineering and
science concepts. Springer. ISBN #: 978-3-031-31099-7.
265. Tokgöz, E., Patel, V., Sosa, D., Levitt, S., & Carola, N. (2023). Artificial intelligence, deep
learning, and machine learning applications in total knee arthroplasty. In Total knee
arthroplasty: Medical and biomedical engineering and science concepts. Springer. ISBN #:
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266. Tokgöz, E. (2023). Advancing engineering of total knee arthroplasty. In Total knee
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272. Levitt, S., Patel, V., Sosa, D., Carola, N., & Tokgöz, E. (2023). Preexisting conditions leading
to total knee arthroplasty. In Total knee arthroplasty: Medical and biomedical engineering and
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273. Sosa, D., Carola, N., Patel, V., Levitt, S., & Tokgöz, E. (2023). Surgical approach comparison
in total knee arthroplasty. In Total knee arthroplasty: Medical and biomedical engineering and
science concepts. Springer. ISBN #: 978-3-031-31099-7.
274. Sosa, D., Carola, N., Patel, V., Levitt, S., & Tokgöz, E. (2023). Perioperative patient care for
total knee arthroplasty. In Total knee arthroplasty: Medical and biomedical engineering and
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(1)
(2)
©The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG2023
E. Tokgöz, M. A. Carro, Cosmetic and Reconstructive Facial Plastic Surgery
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31168-0_2
Aesthetic Surgery of the Upper Face and
Cheeks
MarinaA.Carro
1
and EmreTokgöz
2
The Frank H. Netter M.D. School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University,
North Haven, CT, USA
Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore,
MD, USA
MarinaA.Carro
Email: Marina.Carro@quinnipiac.edu
Keywords Surgical interventions for aesthetic hairline rejuvenation –
Robotic surgery and hairline rejuvenation – Advancements in aesthetic
upper facial procedures – Blepharoplasty surgical techniques and
indications – Aesthetic malar implantation – Aesthetic malar osteotomy –
Complications of upper facial aesthetic surgery
Marina A. Carro is a second-year medical student at the Frank H. Netter
School of Medicine (Quinnipiac University). Prior to medical school, she
worked as a project manager at Clínica Esperanza Hope Clinic in
Providence, Rhode Island, where she organized and managed a satellite
COVID-19 vaccination clinic for underserved populations in the area.
Additionally, she has worked as a certified nursing assistant for 3years in
the emergency department and intensive care unit at South County Hospital
in Kingston, Rhode Island. Currently, she is on the board for the Frank H.
Netter Wellness Committee, ENT Surgical Interest Group, and American
Medical Student Association at Netter. She hopes to continue exploring her
interests in clinical procedural research, healthcare business and
https://t.me/medicina_free
administration, and provide equitable healthcare for marginalized patients
throughout the rest of her career.
Emre Tokgöz completed two Ph.D. degrees, one in Mathematics and
another one in Industrial Engineering, at the University of Oklahoma along
with a master’s degree in Computer Science and two master’s degrees in
Mathematics. Due to his interest in biomedical engineering applications of
mathematics and engineering, he pursued an online biomedical engineering
master’s degree for professionals at Johns Hopkins University. His other
research interests include nonlinear optimization, game theory,
deep/machine learning, financial engineering, facility allocation problems,
vehicle routing problems, systems’ design and improvement, network
theory and analysis, inventory systems, and Riemannian geometry.
1 Introduction
As previously discussed in chapter “Non-Surgical Facial Aesthetic
Procedures”, aging and preexisting facial deformities lend to unaesthetic
changes to the hairline, osseocartilaginous facial framework, and overlying
soft tissues. When nonsurgical modalities are not sufficient in reducing
facial deformity, or if more permanent results are desired, these patients
may be good candidates for surgical augmentation. Deep forehead or
glabellar rhytids, eyelid asymmetry, and volume loss or asymmetry in the
cheek compartments are common indications for surgical intervention.
Advancements in the field of plastic surgery allowed for improved
efficiency in such interventions and have led to the development of precise,
minimally invasive techniques, such as robotic follicular harvesting
(hairline augmentation). Hairline augmentation, blepharoplasty, and malar
augmentation will be discussed in this chapter, as well as the initial patient
assessment, perioperative care, and relevant anatomical structures in each
upper facial component. The structure of the outcomes we present in this
work is similar to those presented in [132–167].
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