Теоретическая грамматика английского языка. Учебно-методическое пособие
.pdf
Complex sentence – a syntactic unit which consists of two or more clauses joined together on the basis of subordination relations.
Compound sentence – a syntactic unit which consists of two or more clauses joined together on the basis of coordinate relations.
Composite sentence – a polypredicative syntactic unit composed from two or more clauses which constitute a syntactic, semantic and communicative whole.
Compounding – the syntactic process consisting in changing a part of the sentence (usually the predicate) from simple to compound with the help of either modal or aspective component or both of them at a time.
Contamination – the syntactic process which results in the formation of the so-called double predicate in which the verb fulfils a double function: that of a notional verb and that of a link verb.
Continuous morpheme – the morpheme which is not interrupted by other elements.
Detachment – the syntactic process consisting in accentuating a part of a sentence and is achieved by a pause in oral speech and by commas or dashes in writing.
Discontinuous morpheme – the morpheme which consists of two parts: an auxiliary element and a suffix with a root morpheme in-between.
Ellipsis – deleting from a sentence one or more parts which are redundant from the informative point of view.
Expansion – the syntactic process consisting in modifying one part of the sentence by another, subordinated to it.
Extension – the syntactic process consisting in adding to a part of the sentence a unit of the same syntactic status
Functional-semantic category language constituted on the (a common semantic function).
– a system of heterogeneous means of the basis of a common semantic contents
Functional (syntactic) transposition – a syntagmatic process which consists in the use of a word belonging to one part of speech in the syntactic function characteristic of another part of speech.
Grammatical form – a means of expressing a grammatical meaning.
Grammatical category – a system of expressing a generalized grammatical meaning by means of paradigmatic correlation of grammatical forms.
Grammatical meaning – a general abstract meaning which unites classes of forms or words and finds its expression through formal markers thus placing a linguistic unit in a grammatical category or a grammatical class of words (a part of speech).
Grammaticalization – the process in which a word loses its lexical meaning and the status of a notional word and becomes an auxiliary word that carries only a grammatical meaning.
Language – a structured system of signs used for forming, storing and exchanging information in the process of human communication.
Level of the language – a subsystem of language which presents a totality of homogeneous units and a set of rules regulating their use and classification.
Lexicalization – the process in which a grammatical form acquires a new lexical meaning and as a result of it may change its status and become a lexical unit.
Modality – a functional-semantic category which expresses different types of the relations between the utterance and reality as well as different types of subjective evaluation of the information contained in the utterance
Morpheme – the smallest meaningful unit of the language.
Negation – the sentential grammatical category which shows that the relations established between the components of the sentence do not exist in reality, from the speaker’s point of view, or that the speaker denies the truth of the proposition.
Neutralization – the reduction of the opposition of grammatical forms to one member, namely to the weak one which is used in the position of the strong member, that becomes possible when the meaning of the strong
member is expressed by some element of context which makes the grammatical expression of the same meaning unnecessary.
Opposition – a set of contrastive grammatical forms which share a certain grammatical meaning correlated to some general concept (time, number etc) and differ in more concrete meanings within the scope of the same concept.
Paradigmatic meaning – the primary, invariant, context-independent meaning of a grammatical form.
Parcellation – the ultimate degree of detachment as the result of which the detached part of the sentence is separated from the rest of the sentence by a full stop and forms a separate syntactic structure.
Phoneme – the smallest unit of language whose function is to differentiate meanings.
Phrase – a group of two or more syntactically related notional words within the structure of the sentence based on certain grammatical relations between its components, which itself is not a sentence.
Predicativity – the sentential grammatical category which refers the nominative contents of the sentence to reality.
Representation – the use of a part of a syntactic unit or a or a part of a grammatical form to represent the whole form.
Rheme – the part of the utterance that presents new information for the sake of which the utterance is made, it is the focus of the utterance, its communicative centre.
Sentence – a group of words based on predicative relations expressing a complete thought or a judgment about an event of reality and uttered with a certain communicative aim
Semantic structure of the sentence – the generalized semantic contents, revealed in the analysis of semantically homogeneous sentences.
Sphere of negation – the part of the proposition which falls under the scope of negation.
Substitution – the syntactic process consisting in replacing a part of a sentence or a whole sentence by a word-substitute (it. this. one, so, do etc).
Syntagmatic meaning – the secondary, variant, context-dependent meaning.
Theme – the part of the utterance that contains given, familiar information which serves as the starting point of the utterance.
Transposition – the use of the strong member of a privative opposition or any member of an equipollent opposition in the sphere of the other member, expresses a secondary, figurative meaning.
Valency – the ability of the verb to determine the number and the character of other parts of the sentence.
Zero morpheme – a meaningful absence of a morpheme.
1.Language and its definition. Aspects in the study of language.
2.The levels of the language interaction between them. The position of grammar in the language structure.
3.The grammatical meaning and its specific features. Paradigmatic and syntagmatic grammatical meanings.
4.The grammatical form. Types of form building in English.
5.The morpheme. Classification of morphemes.
6.The grammatical category. Types of grammatical categories.
7.The oppositional analysis. Types of oppositions. Neutralization and transposition.
8.The functional-semantic category and its structure.
9.The main features of the grammatical structure of English.
10.The parts of speech theory. The criteria of classifying the vocabulary into parts of speech.
11.The system of parts of speech in English. Notional and functional parts of speech. Interaction between parts of speech in English.
12.The noun and its general characteristics. The problem of gender in English nouns.
13.The grammatical category of number in English nouns.
14.The grammatical category of case in English nouns.
15.The verb and its general characteristics. Subclasses of verbs.
16.The grammatical category of tense.
17.The grammatical category of aspect.
18.The grammatical category of time-correlation.
19.The grammatical category of mood.
20.The grammatical category of voice.
21.The simple sentence and its essential features: predicativity.
22.Modality and its types.
23.Negation as a sentential category.
24.The structural aspect of the sentence. Classification of sentences according to their structure. The structural minimum of the sentence. The elementary sentence.
25.The syntactic processes of extending and compressing the elementary sentence.
26.The semantic aspect of the sentence.
27.The communicative aspect of the sentence. Classification of sentences according to the purpose of communication. The position of exclamatory sentences in this classification.
28.Transposition on the level of communicative types of sentences.
29.The actual division of the sentence. The system of means for expressing the components of actual division.
30.Parts of the sentence: subject and predicate.
31.Parts of the sentence: object.
32.Parts of the sentence: attribute.
33.Parts of the sentence: adverbial modifier.
34.The syntax of the phrase: the definition of the phrase, classification of phrase.
35.The theory of the phrase: nominalization and its role in English.
36.The syntax of the phrase: means of expressing syntactic relations between the components of the phrase.
37.The compound sentence.
38.The complex sentence.
39.Semicompound and semicomplex sentences.
40.The grammar of the text. The categories of the text.
1. Бархударов, Л. С. Очерки по морфологии современного английского языка / Л. С. Бархударов. – Москва : Высшая школа,
1975. – 178 с. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. |
Блох, |
М. Я. |
Теоретические основы грамматики / |
||||
М. Я. Блох. – Москва : Высшая школа, 2002. – 180 с. |
|
||||||
3. |
Иванова, И. П. Теоретическая грамматика современного |
||||||
английского |
языка |
/ |
И. П. |
Иванова, |
В.В. |
Бурлакова, |
|
Г. Г. Почепцов. – Москва : Высшая школа, 1981. – 285 с. |
|
||||||
4. |
Кобрина, Н. А. Теоретическая грамматика современного |
||||||
английского |
языка |
/ |
Н. А. |
Кобрина, |
Н. Н. |
Болдырев, |
|
А. А. Худяков. – Москва : Высшая школа, 2007. – 368 с. |
|
||||||
5.Козлова, Л. А. Теоретическая грамматика английского языка / Л. А. Козлова. – Барнаул : Изд-во БГПУ, 2005. – 249 с.
6.Корнеева, Е. А. Грамматика английского языка:
Морфология. Синтаксис |
/ Е. А. Корнеева, Н. А. Кобрина, |
К. А. Гузеева и др. – Санкт-Петербург : СОЮЗ, 1999. – 496 с. |
|
7. Никитин, М. В. |
Курс лингвистической семантики / |
М. В. Никитин. – Санкт-Петербург : Изд-во РГПУ им. И. А. Герце– на, 2007. – 819 с.
8. Смирницкий, А. И. Морфология английского языка / А. И. Смирницкий. – Москва : Изд-во литературы на иностранных языках, 1959. – 440 с.
9. Тестелец, Я. Г. Введение в общий синтаксис / Я. Г. Тестелец. – Москва : Изд-во РГГУ, 2001. – 798 с.
10.Blokh, M. Y. A Course in Theoretical English Grammar / M. Y. Blokh. – Москва : Высшая школа, 1983. – 383 с.
11. Blokh, M. Y. Theoretical English Grammar. Seminars / M. Y. Blokh, T. N. Semionova, S. V. Timofeyeva. – Mосква : Высшая школа, 2004. – 471 с.
12. Ilyish, B. A. The Structure of Modern English / B. A. Ilyish. –
Ленинград : «Просвещение», 1971. – 388 с.
Учебное издание
Кожанов Дмитрий Алексеевич
Теоретическая грамматика английского языка
Учебно-методическое пособие
Подписано в печать 13.04.2017 г.
Объем 8 печ. л. Формат 60х84/16. Бумага офсетная. Гарнитура Таймс Нью Роман. Тираж 100 экз. Заказ № 27. Отпечатано в ООО «Колибри»
656043, г. Барнаул, ул. Гоголя, 85 В, офис 1, т. 8(3852) 639-557