Графическая композиция в системе высшего художественного образования. Вопросы теории и практики. Учебное пособие

Академический рисунок как основа профессиональной и специальной подготовки художников-педагогов и дизайнеров

ɪɚɡɪɵɜɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɧɚɬɨɦɢɢ ɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɜ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɟɬɨɬɟɧɢ ɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ

Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɭ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɸɬ ɢ ɭɫɜɚɢɜɚɸɬ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɬɟɨɪɟɦɢɬɩ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɵɩɨɪɨɣɧɟɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬɭɱɚɫɬɢɹɜɧɚɭɱɧɨɦ ɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɨɢɫɤɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɢ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɸɬ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ Ɍɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɭ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɝɪɚɞɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟɬ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɮɨɪɦ ɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɟ ɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɷɬɨ ɩɨɞ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɨɩɵɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɚ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɤɚ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɜɥɚɞɟɸɳɟɝɨ ɚɩɪɨɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɤ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɩɟɯɨɜ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ ɤɚɤ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɚɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɚɹ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚ ɫ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɭ ɜ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɧɟɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɤ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɝɨɫɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵ ɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɩɥɚɧɵ ɜɵɞɜɢɝɚɸɬ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɝɞɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɨɫɨɛɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɲɚɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɢɯ ɨɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɜɟɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹ ± ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɚ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɚ ɞɢɡɚɣɧɟɪɚ ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɧɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɟɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɩɭɬɢ ɩɨɞ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɧɨɜɵɦ ɧɟɨɠɢɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɭɝɥɨɦ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɗɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɜ ɢ ɞɢɡɚɣɧɟɪɨɜ

ȼ ɫɜɟɬɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɤ ɞɜɭɯɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ ɤ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɸ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɬɢɦɭ-

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Ɋ ɑ Ȼɚɪɰɢɰ Ƚɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɜɵɫɲɟɝɨ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ

ɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɫ ɤɚɠɞɵɦ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɦ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɨ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɯ ɩɨ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɭ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɯ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɜ ɢ ɞɢɡɚɣɧɟɪɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɚ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɤɚ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɤɨɣ ± ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɶ ɢ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɶ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤ Ȼɭɞɭɳɢɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɫɚɦɨɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɧɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɣɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ȼɷɬɨɣɫɜɹɡɢɜɨɫɧɨɜɭɦɟɬɨɞɚɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɭ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫ ɧɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɨ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɜɨɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɸ ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɭ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɢ ɜɨɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚɫ ɦɢɪɚ ɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɢɞɟɧɢɟ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɮɚɧɬɚɡɢɣɧɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɸɠɟɬɨɜ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ȼɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɩɟɪɟɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜ ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ ɩɨ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɭ ɧɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɨɜɢɡɧɵ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɢɯ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɛ-

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Академический рисунок как основа профессиональной и специальной подготовки художников-педагогов и дизайнеров

ɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɭ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɤɚɤ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɧɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɝɨ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫ ɧɟɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɟ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɚɦɢ ɜɥɚɞɟɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɪɟɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɨ ɢ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɹɫɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢɢɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦɢɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ

Ʉɚɤ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ ± ɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɚ ɒɤɨɥɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ ɜ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɜ ɢ ɞɢɡɚɣɧɟɪɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɟɣ ɝɞɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ ɢ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɇɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɤɭɪɫɚ ± ɞɚɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɣ ɬɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦɭ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɭ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɤ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɨɡɢɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɚɧɚɬɨɦɢɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ ɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ

ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚɫ ɦɢɪɚ ɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɧ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɧɚɲɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɢɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɟɷɦɨɰɢɢɬɟɫɧɟɣɲɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɦɦɢɪɨɦ ɫ ɟɝɨɜɧɟɲɧɢɦɢɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦɢɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɇɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɩɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɩɵɬ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɚɹ ɫ ɧɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɢ ɜɫɩɨɦɢɧɚɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɵɲɥɹɬɶ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɜ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɯ ɫɩɟɰɢ-

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Ɋ ɑ Ȼɚɪɰɢɰ Ƚɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɜɵɫɲɟɝɨ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ

ɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɢɡɚɣɧɟɪɨɜ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɨɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɭɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɥɚɤɨɧɢɱɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɨ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ ɗɬɨ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɧɟɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɟɫɥɢ ɜɵɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɜɧɟɞɪɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɤɨɣ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ

Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ ± ɜɟɞɭɳɚɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɛɳɟɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɯ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɜ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɬɶ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɭɸ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɋɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚ ɪɟɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɡɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɪɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜ ɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ ɦɵɫɥɟɣ ɢ ɱɭɜɫɬɜ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜ ȼɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɦɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɨɩɟɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤ ɜ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɥɢɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɨɧ ɲɬɪɢɯ ɢ ɩɹɬɧɨ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ± ɛɭɦɚɝɚ ɤɚɪɚɧɞɚɲ ɭɝɨɥɶ ɫɟɩɢɹ ɩɚɫɬɟɥɶ ɫɨɭɫ ɢ ɬɞ ɋɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɢ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɵɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɦɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ ɭɬɨɱɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɪɨɥɶ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɧɟ ɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɧɨ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɡɚɤɨɧɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɋ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɨɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ ɛɟɡ ɲɬɪɢɯɚ ɢ ɬɨɧɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɨɫɨɛɨɣ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɛɪɨɫɤɚɯ ɜ ɪɢɫɨɜɤɚɯ ɷɫɤɢɡɚɯ ɢ ɜ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ

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Академический рисунок как основа профессиональной и специальной подготовки художников-педагогов и дизайнеров

Ⱦɟɥɚɹ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɢɡ ɬɟɯ ɨɬɪɵɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ ɇ ɇ Ɋɨɫɬɨɜɰɟɜ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɤɧɢɝɟ ɩɢɫɚɥ ©ɩɪɢ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɥɢɫɶ ɹɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɱɟɬɤɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ Ʌɢɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ ɢɝɪɚɥɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɉɪɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɱɟɬɤɢɦɢ ɛɟɡ ɥɢɲɧɢɯ ɲɬɪɢɯɨɜ ɢ ɪɨɫɱɟɪɤɨɜ ɥɢɧɢɹɦɢ ɧɚɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ Ⱥ ɷɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɟɣ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɵɭɱɤɢ Ɇɚɥɨ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨ ɝɪɟɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɢ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨɣ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ ɨɧɢ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɫɧɨ ɡɧɚɥɢ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɟɥɚ ɂɡɨɛɪɚɠɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɹɜɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɢɡ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɯ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɝɪɟɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɢ ɧɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɦɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɧɨ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨ ɢ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɥɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɫɜɟɬɨɬɟɧɢ ɬɨɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɢ ɮɚɤɬɭɪɭ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜª ɫ ±

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɦɵ ɦɨɠɟɦ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɬ ɮɚɤɬ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɧ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɫɜɟɬɨɬɟɧɟɜɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɉɨɫɥɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɥɢɫɬɟ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɨ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɵ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɦɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɮɨɪɦ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɟ ɬɨɧɨɜɭɸ ɩɪɨɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ ɉɨɞ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɨɣ ©ɬɨɧª ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ ɫɜɟɬɥɨɬɧɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɮɨɪɦɵ Ɍɨɧ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɞɥɹ ɫɜɟɬɨɬɟɧɟɜɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ ɨɬ ɫɜɟɬɥɨɝɨ ɞɨ ɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɥɭɷɬɚ ɜ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɚɹ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɚ ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɟɲɚɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɧɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ ɩɨ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɭ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɨ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɭ ɏɭɞɨɠɧɢɤ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝ ɢ ɞɢɡɚɣɧɟɪ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɫɟɛɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ ɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɦɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɶɫɹ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɣ ɡɚɦɵɫɟɥ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɞɢɤɬɭɟɦɵɦɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɩɢɪɚɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ

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Ɋ ɑ Ȼɚɪɰɢɰ Ƚɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɜɵɫɲɟɝɨ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ

ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ ɧɚ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɚ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɢ ɞɢɡɚɣɧɟɪɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɚɤɨɧɢɱɧɨɣ ɢ ɜ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɧ ɧɟɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɦɵɣ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɞɥɹ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɥɸɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ ɏɭɞɨɠɧɢɤ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝ ɢ ɞɢɡɚɣɧɟɪ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɭɦɟɥɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɹɪɤɢɣ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɱɧɵɣ ɷɫɤɢɡ ɩɚɧɧɨ ɩɥɚɤɚɬ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɱɚɬɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɛɭɤɥɟɬ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɱɚɬɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɝɞɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɚ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɧɚɫ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɡɚɦɵɫɥɨɦ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɚɹ ɢɞɟɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɝɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ

Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ ɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɬɴɟɦɥɟɦɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɷɬɨ ɧɟɢɡɛɟɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɤ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɝɞɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɞɢɡɚɣɧɟɪɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɦɢ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɭɦɟɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɢɥɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɢɟɦɚɯ ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɩɨ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɭ ɪɹɞ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ ɜ ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɨ ɞɟɤɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɣ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɩɥɚɤɚɬɧɨɣ ɬɪɚɤɬɨɜɤɟɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɦɨɝɨɫɸɠɟɬɚ ɗɬɢɦɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦɦɨɠɟɬɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɭɱɟɛɧɚɹ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚ ©ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚª ɝɞɟ ɥɚɤɨɧɢɱɧɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɢ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɩɨɪɨɣ ɧɟ ɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɢɸ ɇɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɭɦɟɥɨɦɭ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɬɢɥɟɜɨɦɭ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɸ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ ɩɪɢɞɚɟɬ ɜɫɟɦɭ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɟɦɤɨɟ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɟ ɡɜɭɱɚɧɢɟ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɪɚɫɫɭɠɞɚɹ ɨɛ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɚ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɢ ɞɢɡɚɣɧɟɪɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɭɬɶ ɱɬɨ ©ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟª ɢ ©ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɢɟª ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɍɩɪɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ

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Академический рисунок как основа профессиональной и специальной подготовки художников-педагогов и дизайнеров

ɥɸɛɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɜ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɞɢɡɚɣɧɟɪɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ Ɉɧɨ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɨɛɟɡɥɢɱɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ ɩɨɬɟɪɟ ɟɝɨ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɟɞɧɟɧɢɸ ɫɸɠɟɬɚ ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɜ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɧɨ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɚɤɰɟɧɬ ɞɥɹ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɜɚɠɧɨɦ ɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɟ ɨɬɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɟɧɭɠɧɵɟ ɧɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɟ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɥɨɱɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɬɜɥɟɤɚɸɬ ɨɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɣ ɢɞɟɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɚ

Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɦ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ ɧɟ ɭɩɪɨɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɚ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɨɫɨɛɭɸ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɨ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɷɫɤɢɡɨɜ ɤ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɭ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤ ɜɟɞɭɳɟɦɭ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɭ ɇɚ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɹɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɠɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ȼ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ ɩɨ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɭ ɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɬɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɞɚɬɶ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɯ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ ɤ ɩɨɢɫɤɭ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɟɞɭɬ ɤ ɪɚɡɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɸ ɧɚɞ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɦ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɏɨɬɹ ɨɧ ɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɟ ɜɢɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɤɚɤ ɨɧ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦɞɨɥɠɟɧɫɬɪɨɢɬɶɫɜɨɸɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɭɞɚɧɚɩɪɚɜɢɬɶ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɞɥɹ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ ɡɧɚɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɥɨɝɨɬɢɩɚ ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɭ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɵ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɸɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɭ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɭ ɞɢɡɚɣɧɟɪɭ ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɬɶ ɫ ɧɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɨ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɨ ɜɨɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɸ ɨɫɜɚɢɜɚɸɬ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɫ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦɢ Ɋɚɛɨɬɚɹ ɫ ɧɚɬɭɪɵ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɚɬɫɹ

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Ɋ ɑ Ȼɚɪɰɢɰ Ƚɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɜɵɫɲɟɝɨ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ

ɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɬɢɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɍɫɩɟɯ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɬɭɪɵ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɟɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɱɚɫɬɹɦɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɮɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɢɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɬɭɪɵ ɧɟ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɦ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɞɨ ɦɟɥɶɱɚɣɲɢɯ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɍɱɚɳɢɦɫɹ ɧɚɞɨ ɭɦɟɬɶ ɨɬɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɟ ɢ ɨɛɨɛɳɚɬɶ ɜɬɨɪɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɟɬɚɥɢ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɭ ɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɤɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɬɶ ɫ ɧɚɬɭɪɵ ɗɬɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬ ɝɥɚɡɨɦɟɪ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɭɫɜɨɢɬɶ ɡɚɤɨɧɵ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɬɭɪɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɸ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨɣ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ

ɋɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ ɩɨ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɭ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɢ ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɟɣ ɝɞɟ ɨɧɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɰɟɥɢ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɡɚɦɵɫɥɵ ɢ ɢɞɟɢ ɩɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ Ɉɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɢ ɮɨɪɦ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɦ ɦɢɪɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɯɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɱɟɪɟɡɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɣɜɢɞɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɬ ɟ ɱɟɪɟɡɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣɪɢɫɭɧɨɤɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹɝɥɚɜɧɵɦɢɰɟɥɹɦɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɨɞɧɢɯ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɧɨɣ ɢ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɨɣ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɍɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɧɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɰɟɥɹɦɢ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɢɯ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɷɬɨɬ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɰɟɥɨɝɨ Ʉɚɠɞɨɟ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ± ɷɬɨ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɤ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɭ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɪɨɠɞɚɟɬ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɵ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɷɬɚɩɧɨɟ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝ ɢ ɞɢɡɚɣɧɟɪ ɫɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɨ ɜɫɟɦɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹɦɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤ-

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Академический рисунок как основа профессиональной и специальной подготовки художников-педагогов и дизайнеров

ɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ ɢ ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɥɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɤɭɪɫ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ ɧɨ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɬ ɟ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɜɢɞɨɦ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɧɚɞ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɚɫɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɨɣ ȼ ɧɟɣ ɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɫɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ

ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɩɨ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɭ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɩɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɪɟɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɧɚɬɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɦ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɧɚɫ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ ȼɚɠɧɚɹ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɬɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɦ ɧɚɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɦ ɬɚɤɤɚɤɨɧɢɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɨɫɧɨɜɨɣɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɹɛɭɞɭɳɢɦɢɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚɦ ɢ ɞɢɡɚɣɧɟɪɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢɯ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɫɩɟɯɨɜ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɍɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɨ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɭ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɩɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɦ ɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɬɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɢ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɤɭɫɨɜ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ Ɉɞɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɧɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɟ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɹɬ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɵ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ ɠɢɜɨɩɢɫɢ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɰɟɥɹɦ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɲɚɸɬ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ

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Ɋ ɑ Ȼɚɪɰɢɰ Ƚɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɜɵɫɲɟɝɨ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ

ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɇɚɞɨ ɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɢ ɧɟ ɫɚɦɨɰɟɥɶ ɨɧɢ ɜɚɠɧɵ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟ ɜ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ ɢ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɢ ɫɪɨɤɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɸ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɨ ɢɥɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɨ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɭɸ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɱɚɫɨɜ ɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɦ ɩɥɚɧɨɦ Ƚɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ± ɷɬɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɤɚɠɞɨɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɦɚɧɨ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ Ɉɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɪɚɧɧɟɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɨɜɢɡɧɨɣ ɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ Ɍɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɟɳɟ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɟɟ ɢ ɬɨɱɧɟɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ©ɨɬ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɤ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɦɭ ɨɬ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɤ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɦɭª

ɍɱɟɛɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɨ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɭ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɩɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɢɡ ɝɢɩɫɨɜɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ± ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɥ ɨɪɧɚɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɬ ɞ ɉɪɢ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɥ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɵ ɢɡɭɱɚɸɬ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɭ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɟɬɨɬɟɧɢ ɧɚ ɨɤɪɭɝɥɵɯ ɢ ɝɪɚɧɟɧɵɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɥ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɷɬɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɢ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɫɜɟɬɨɬɟɧɟɜɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ Ɋɢɫɭɧɤɢ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɬɟɥɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɚɬɶɮɨɪɦɭɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜɛɵɬɚɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɲɚɪɨɜɢɞɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦ ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɟɬɨɬɟɧɢ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɥ ɞɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɢɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɞɚɠɟ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɤɪɭɝɥɵɟ ɢ ɝɪɚɧɟɧɵɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɉɟɪɜɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɜɟɬɟ ɞɚɸɳɟɦ ɪɟɡɤɭɸ ɫɜɟɬɨɬɟɧɶ ɨɫɜɟɳɚɹ ɧɚɬɭɪɭ ɫɬɚɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɡɛɟɝɚɬɶ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɞɜɨɣɧɵɟ ɢ ɬɪɨɣɧɵɟ ɬɟɧɢ ɧɚ ɨɞ-

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