Английский язык для магистрантов. Перевод научно-технической литературы. Учебное пособие

Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации

НОВОСИБИРСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ

__________________________________________________________________________

Н. А. САПЧЕНКО, Ю. В. РИДНАЯ

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК ДЛЯ МАГИСТРАНТОВ

ПЕРЕВОД НАУЧНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

Утверждено Редакционно-издательским советом университета в качестве учебного пособия

НОВОСИБИРСК

2024

Примеры перевода

Тренировочные упражнения

1.1.Найдите в тексте формы глагола в страдательном залоге

ипереведите на русский язык.

Reconstruction and Relaxation

The various types of surface structure which have been, and are being studied, it is helpful to classify according to the nature of the modification of the surface structure relative to an ideally-terminated bulk structure, and according to the type of material. For a clean surface, the simplest effect

5

which can occur as a result of the presence of the surface is that the outermost layer spacings perpendicular to the surface may be modified. This is commonly referred to as relaxation. More significant modifications, typically involving atom movements parallel to the surface, generally lead to an increase in the size of the surface unit mesh, are generally referred to as surface reconstruction. Such reconstructions were first recognized at clean semiconductor surfaces and may be seen as a consequence of the dominant directional covalent bonding in these materials, but they are now also known to occur at some clean metal surfaces and are quite a common feature of adsorbate-covered surfaces, the adsorbate causing a reconstruction in the underlying substrate surface.

1.2. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на способы передачи страдательного залога.

1.Einstein was strongly influenced by the philosophical notions of Austrian physicist Ernst Mach, who rejected the idea of an absolute frame of reference for spacetime.

2.There would be places that had never been scorched by the intense synchrotron radiation of a supermassive black hole.

3.Some extremely fragile units are still being installed, such as the socalled vertex locator detector that was positioned in LHCb in midNovember.

4.Too close to a supernova, and there is a good chance your entire system will be vaporized.

5.These effects have been observed in quite a large number of metal surfaces and are also understood in general terms theoretically.

6.Electromagnetic induction instruments have been used to assess soil salinity, soil texture, soil water content and saturation.

7.The expansion of space and its possible curvature in response to matter was not dreamed of.

8.The beginning of the universe in a fiery big bang was not even remotely suspected.

9.The series of smaller accelerators that supply the beam to the main LHC ring has already been checked out, bringing protons with an energy of

0.45TeV.

6

10. The energies are being measured by galaxies that are receding from each other, and the drop in energy is just a matter of perspective and relative motion.

1.3.Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на значение сочетаний модальных глаголов с инфинитивом страдательного залога.

1. In this case surface specificity can be achieved by using specific (shadowing) crystallographic incidence directions.

2. A high-energy proton beam may usefully be regarded as an unseparated, broadband beam of quarks, antiquarks, and gluons.

3. The density to which matter must be squeezed scales as the inverse square of the mass.

4. Such a density is about the highest that can be created through gravitational collapse in the present universe.

3. Perhaps we should not be surprised to find ourselves here at this time, rather than billions of years in the past or in the future.

4. A similar effect is the reason that AM radio stations can be picked up far from their cities of origin at night.

5. The interstellar medium can be thought of as one big ionosphere filling the galaxy.

6. The source wavelet must be known, or estimated, but the detailed shape of this wavelet should not play any role in the success of the method.

7. The suitability of the tomographic velocity image can be verified by forward modeling and comparing the resultant waveforms with the original data.

8. The load which is not met by Variable Generation can have different characteristics; hence it can be supplied from various power system sources.

9. Flexibility needs can be divided into four categories; flexibility for power, energy, transfer capacity, and voltage.

10. For a flexible generation, power plants that can be ramped updown quickly and efficiently, and operate at low output levels are required.

1.4.Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. When the camera panned to Higgs, he could be seen pulling out a handkerchief to wipe his eyes.

7

2.We were informed that this method was validated using liquid water flow in a test section with four tubes in parallel.

3.Four laboratories were given regional responsibility for the collection and analysis of the samples.

4.Local pressure variations at the entrance to the channels are being neglected.

5.Modern engineering has been greatly assisted by the development of the research techniques.

6.Any interpretation is usually preceded by a number of experiments and discussions.

7.The International Energy Agency was paid a carbon tax of $40 to $90 per ton of coal.

8.Engineers were announced that it was the most sophisticated, complex and precise machine ever built.

9.The team was given two weeks to complete the experiment.

10.We are lead inexorably to a very strange conclusion.

1.5. Поставьте глагол в соответствующую форму.

1.The refreshed panel (to move back) onto the track to pull more gas from the wind yesterday.

2.If two conducting materials (to bring) into very close proximity, electrons can tunnel across the vacuum gap between them.

3.The energy level diagram (to give) for two materials that (to isolate) from each other.

4.This electrical double layer, in a metallic system, recently (to create) by free electron transfer across the interface.

5.These equations explain that the conductivity of rock samples can (to describe) by real electrolytic volume conductivity.

6.The real part of the dielectric constant can (to break) into two parts, the polarization and the free carrier contribution.

7.Due to their lifetime, muons must (to cool) using novel technology before they can (accelerate) to collider energy.

8.Radiative processes greatly (to suppress), enabling the use of storage rings and compact recirculating accelerators.

8

9.We project that this energy could (to sell) to consumers at rates equivalent to today’s rates for conventional power sources.

10.The samples (to dry), (to pulverize), and (to sieve) to less than two millimeters.

1.6.Перефразируйте предложения из действительного залога в страдательный залог.

1.The Standard Model treats the quarks and leptons as point-like particles without any internal structure.

2.A region of spacetime in which it is impossible to stand still surrounds rotating black hole.

3.We have analyzed the influence of pore fluid composition on the complex electrical conductivity of three sandstones with different porosity.

4.The spectrum of relaxation distances determines the frequency dependence of the quadrature conductance.

5.In this paper we have shown that the adhesion between a nonconducting film and a conductor may be large.

6.Well-meaning scientists, engineers, economists and politicians have proposed various steps that could slightly reduce fossil-fuel use and emissions.

7.The upper part of Figure three shows a typical image of this surface.

8.A theory called supersymmetry predicts the existence of the photino.

9.The laboratory assistants were polishing the diamonds to expose their sulfide inclusions.

10.In every other physical system, temperature reflects the underlying behavior of microscopic constituents.

1.7.Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя страдательный залог.

1.Принцип удержания плазмы основан на взаимодействии заряженных частиц с магнитным полем.

2.Иерархия памяти современных компьютеров строится на нескольких уровнях.

3.В этой статье детально обсуждаются свойства и особенности нового химического соединения.

9

4.Механическая энергия вращения лопастей ветрогенератора преобразуется в электричество.

5.Ископаемое топливо используется, в основном, тогда, когда технология производства требует высоких температур.

6.Некоторые количественные и качественные характеристики этого вещества нуждались в тщательном изучении.

7.Для достижения оптимизации изучаемых процессов можно применить множество алгоритмов.

8.В голографии кроме амплитуды могут быть зарегистрированы также фаза и направление световых волн.

9.Луч лазера может быть сфокусирован в точку диаметром порядка микрона.

10.Технология создания виртуальной реальности базируется на моделировании трехмерного пространства.

10