Английский язык для гуманитарных направлений подготовки. Учебное пособие

the different countries may differ, c __________________. Being able to speak to one another raises awareness of what people have in common and at the same time increases mutual respect for cultural differences.

A study undertaken for the European Commission shows d

______________ through a lack of language skills. This is particularly the case for small and medium-sized enterprises e

___________________. According to the study, nearly 1 million firms have lost contracts with potential clients in other EU countries because of language barriers. The study also emphasizes the necessity of multilingualism for winning business in world markets. Multilingualism itself is an economic growth sector. In this context, English is the key language, f _________________.

1.It also creates a bridge to the culture of the local people

2.that EU firms can lose business opportunities

3.but the EU’s collective objectives for the future are closely

in tune

4.that are failing to use export opportunities in other EU countries

5.employing native speakers to work in export markets worldwide

6.but the study also stresses the importance of Chinese, Arabic and Russian

7.enabling all EU citizens to take advantage of job and travel opportunities

IX

1. Read the information and decide:

1) True or False: Harvard University was founded in 1639?

31

2)What part of the Text (1, 2, 3 or 4) contains the information: Many of the former students became the churchmen?

3)Chose the right answer (a, b or c) to the question: What was the purpose of education in Harvard?

a) deep knowledge; b) truth; c) to prepare students to become priests.

Harvard

1.In 1893, Baedeker's guidebook called Harvard «the oldest, richest, and most famous of American seats of learning». Harvard was founded in 1636 in Massachusetts Bay Colony, making it the oldest institutions of higher learning in the United States.

2.The college was named in 1639 for its first patron, Britishborn John Harvard of Charlestown, a young churchman or minister who, upon his death in 1638, left his library and half his property to the new institution. In the early years, the College trained many Puritan ministers.

3.During its early years, the College offered a classic academic course based on the English university model but consistent with the prevailing Puritan philosophy of the first colonists in New England.

Many of Harvard’s earliest graduates went on to work in Puritan churches throughout New England. Harvard's alumni include eight U.S. presidents, 188 living billionaires, 79 Nobel laureates. Harvard students and alumni have also won 48 Pulitzer Prizes, and 108 Olympic medals (including 46 gold medals), and they have founded many notable companies worldwide.

4.Harvard's early motto was Veritas Christo et Ecclesiae

«Truth for Christ and the Church». But now it was abbreviated to «The Truth».

32

2. Read the information about Cambridge University and try to give a report of comparison between Harvard and Cambridge Universities.

1209 — The earliest record of the university.

1584 — The Cambridge University Press, the world’s oldestestablished press begins its work.

1627 — John Harvard enters Emmanuel College s an undergraduate. He later emigrates to America and, in 1636, starts the university which now bears his name.

1687 — Isaac Newton publishes «Principia Mathematica», establishing the fundamental principles of modern physics.

1953 — Francis Crick and James Watson discover the structure of DNA, unlocking the secret of life.

1997 — Mrs. Molly Maxwell becomes Cambridge’s oldest graduate at the age of 105.

The modern University is an international centre of teaching and research in a vast range of subjects. Members of the University have won over 60 Nobel Prizes.

33

UNIT 2

PEDAGOGY

TEACHER’S PROFESSION

It is not an easy thing to choose a profession but I’ve made my choice and decided to be a teacher. My parents are also teachers and I know that teaching is a very specific and very interesting job. A teacher is a person who is learning as well as teaching all his life. Most jobs can be done within the usual office hours of 9 a.m.- 5 p.m., but teacher’s work is never done. When classes are over teaches stay at school to hold competitions, meetings of clubs and societies and are busy doing other kinds of extra-curriculum (out-of-class) work. Evenings are mostly spent marking exercise-books and preparing for the next lesson.

While teaching you have to encourage your pupils and keep them interested. A good teacher is a model of competence. He studies his children closely — to discover their interests, their needs and abilities. He plans his work upon what he learns about his children. The relationships between him and his students should be based on cooperation and respect for a person.

The function of education is to prepare children for real life situations, to help them live in the community, to bring them up in the spirit of high moral ideals. It is a great responsibility. Teachers develop their pupil’s intellect, form their views and characters. They teach children to be honest and kind, to be active and industrious, loving their native land.

To be a teacher is not so easy as it may seem at first but love for children and great patience combined with deep knowledge would be quite enough to succeed in work.

34

Thus teacher’s profession is very hard job, but it is also very interesting and creative. That is why thousands of young people choose this profession and dedicate their lives to the education of younger generation. The schools of Russia are proud of such outstanding pedagogues as Ushinsky, Makarenko, Amonashvili, Shatalov and others.

1.Give the Russian equivalents to the words and wordcombinations, learn the vocabulary:

1) to choose;

2) to hold;

3) extra-curriculum;

4) to encourage;

5) ability;

6) need;

7) relationship;

8) to bring up;

9) community;

10) to develop;

11) to form;

12) responsibility;

13) view;

14) industrious;

15) patience;

16) to dedicate;

17) to succeed.

2.Put in the right preposition.

1.When classes are over teaches stay __ school.

2.He plans his work __ what he learns about his children.

35

3.The relationships __ him and his pupils should be based __ cooperation and respect __ a person.

4.The function __ education is to prepare children __ real life situations, to help them live __ the community, to bring them __ __

the spirit __ high moral ideals.

5.To be a teacher is not so easy as it may seem __ first but love __ children and great __ patience combined __ deep knowledge would be quite enough to succeed __ work.

6.Thousands __ young people choose this profession and dedicate their lives __ the education __ younger generation.

3. Match the words with their definitions. Give the Russian equivalents.

36

4. Match words 1-8 with words a-h to form collocations, then make sentences using the completed phrases.

5. Correct the sentences:

1.The function of education is to prepare children for tests.

2.They teach children to be outstanding pedagogues.

3.Teacher’s profession is very easy job.

4.They teach children to be a younger generation.

5.The teacher studies his children closely to be proud of them.

6.Find close synonyms to the words.

1.work — _____________________

2.extra-curriculum — ___________

3.community — ________________

4.pupil — _____________________

5.learn — _____________________

7. Find close antonyms to the words.

1.easy — _____________________

2.learn — _____________________

37

8. Answer the questions.

1.Why have chosen the profession of a teacher?

2.What qualities are the most important in a teacher?

3.What do teachers stay at school for when classes are over?

4.What is the main function of education?

5.What is necessary to succeed in teacher’s work?

6.What are the tasks and role of school in present-day life?

READING

I

Read the following essay. Find the provements to the statements and comment them:

•Every teacher continues to be a student.

•Teaching is a two — way traffic.

•Teaching is an art and a science at the same time.

My Ideal of a Good Teacher

I’ve never supposed that I’ll study at the Pedagogical University. It’s interesting for me that I am engaged in pedagogical process. I couldn’t guess that the problems of pedagogics and teaching generally will be so actual nowadays.

Teaching is the bilateral pedagogical process of communication of teachers and pupils. And it is a great responsibility for teachers to grow up each child as a person. It is the main purpose of education to bring them up in the spirit of high moral ideals. So, to be a teacher isn’t so easy. Even if you want to be a teacher you can’t become a good one. You must be born one. To my mind, a teacher is

38

like a sculptor; he molds a personality out of a child like a sculptor creates a beautiful statue out of clay.

I can say that teacher’s profession is very interesting and creative. That is why true genuine pedagogues, besides academic competence, should master broad knowledge. In my point of view a real teacher is a good actor, artist and scientist at the same time.

I guess the most important qualities in a teacher are: industry, patience and honesty.

Industrious and patient pedagogues loving their children will be successful in work.

Also it will be helpful for teachers to have such qualities as fairness, a sense of humor, and finally, objectivity. It is really important treating pupils as anyone of us would like to be treated.

II

Diary

1. Look through the following text in 30 seconds and try to identify:

•the author;

•where it might be taken from.

Just about the worst day ever. I’m really beginning to hate walking in there. Can’t believe I spent so much time making that lesson for nothing. I mean, really — what the point? It took me ages to research all these websites and write up all the questions. I really thought they would like it. They always tell me how boring the book is, but try and do something different, what happens? NOTHING. Really thought they would enjoy it today. But once again, all they did was chat about other things in Spanish. How can I get them to

39

speak in English? Don’t they realise that they have a speaking exam soon? It’s just so frustrating!!! I’ve told them time and time and TIME again that they will fail, but they just don’t seem to care. I just don’t know what to do. Tell you one thing for sure — after this… never again. They really don’t appreciate it. Just the book from now on. They can like it or lump it.

2.Read the text again more carefully and say what examples of non-standard English can you find? How would you write these things in more standard English?

3.What do the following words refer to?

•there;

•they;

•it;

•this.

4. Try to answer:

1.«They can like it or lump it» — What do you think this

means?

2.Why do you think the students are talking in Spanish to each

other?

3.Do you think it’s important that they talk in English? Why?

4.Do you sympathize with the teacher? What advice would you give her?

III

Match the paragraphs (a–g) with the best paragraph headings (1–7). One heading is not needed.

1.A bright start.

2.The first disappointment.

40