Английский язык для аспирантов. Учебное пособие

1 Употребляется при согласовании времен:

4 Употребляется для выражения регулярного действия в прошлом. В этом значении would аналогично выражению used to:

be good/bad at

be surprised/shocked/astonished/amazed at/by

be afraid/ashamed/aware/jealous/conscious/envious/capable/proud/suspicious/fond/full/short/tired of

be similar to

a book on (e.g., English literature), но: a book of postage stamps a lesson/class in (e.g., English)

a lecture on (e.g., English lexicology), about something a seminar on (e.g., creative writing)

an answer/invitation to

by mistake/accident/chance by credit card

to go on holiday/journey/trip/business dream about (while asleep)

dream of (imagine or consider) battle at

an argument/row over object to

a ticket to the theater/cinema/a train/a plane но: a ticket for a show a view of (a lake, etc.)

in smb's name (e.g., a letter) a key to (a door)

charge with, но: accuse of

a trip/tour of/about the country

8 Примерные устные темы

ABOUT MYSELF

Let me introduce myself to you. My name is Nickolay Ivanovich Petrov, but my parents, friends and relatives call me Nick. I was born in the city of Krasnodar where I live now together with my parents.

Last year I graduated from the University with distinction. When I went to school, I felt a call for Chemistry, that's why I decided to obtain higher education in this field of learning. Here I should say that it was my lucky chance to study for 5 years at the faculty of Chemistry where I developed a habit of research and creative work. And here I got a proper training in many subjects. I usually did a lot of reading at home and it helped me to get through the state exams with credit. At present I'd like to continue doing research in my special field and to take up a postgraduate course. For me there's nothing like working under the direct supervision of experienced specialists highly competent in the subject, who provide the students with proper encouragement and impart precious knowledge to them.

When I was a third-year student, my term-paper was a success and I was invited to join the scientific society the leaders of which had already won the international

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recognition and now are trying to foster love for research work and creative quests in young people.

To tell the truth, I'm a work-hard, play hard-kind of guy, which means I successfully combine study with leisure. I haven't got any special hobby, but I'm fond of reading books. They give me more knowledge and broaden my outlook. Besides, books contribute greatly to my own education. I believe the time spent on a good book is never wasted. The historical novel is my favourite literary genre.

Sometimes I play different sport games to keep fit and derive pleasure. My hobbies help me to relax, so that after weekends I'm ready to get down to my studies.

Finally, I hope to continue my research and make an efficient chemist.

Questions:

1 What is your native town?

2 Did you find it difficult to study at the University? 3 What subjects were you good at at school?

4 How did it influence your future studies?

5 What was your usual way of preparing for classes?

6 What do you intend to do after graduating from the University?

7 You believe that it's on the part of the supervisors to guide our creative work and research, don't you?

8 What made the third year memorable for you?

9 How did you manage your time and how did it affect your work? 10 What do you hope to do in future?

Words and Phrases:

to introduce oneself - представляться

to graduate from the University with distinction - окончить университет с отличием

field of learning - область знаний.

post-graduate course - аспирантура, курсы усовершенствования to be in the habit of doing smth. - иметь привычку что-либо делать to obtain higher education - получить высшее образование

to impart knowledge (to) - передавать знания to do reading - готовиться к занятиям

to develop/gain a habit of research and creative work - выработать навыки исследовательской и творческой работы

to feel a call for Chemistry - иметь склонность к химии to get through state exams -

сдать государственные экзамены to research in the chosen area - проводить исследования по избранной специальности

to make the best of one's abilities - найти наилучшее применение своим способностям

to have the subject at one's fingers' ends - отлично знать свой предмет to collect and process data - собирать и обрабатывать данные

an able student - способный студент

THE IMPORTANCE OF LEARNING A FOREIGN

LANGUAGE

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The problem of learning languages is very important today. Foreign languages are in great demand nowadays when the progress in science and technology has led to an overflow of information.

English is the global language, an official or co-official language of 45 countries. Around a quarter of the world's population (1.5 billion people) can communicate in English for work or leisure. Its importance is growing faster than at any time in the last 400 years. Half of all business deals are conducted in English. 2/3 of scientific papers are written in English. Over 70% of all mail is written in English. It is the language of the international air traffic control, maritime, police and emergency services.

Russia is integrating into the world community and the problem of learning English for the purpose of communication is becoming especially urgent.

With the knowledge of foreign languages many opportunities are opened up for post-graduate students. Once they start writing their thesis they face the problem of reading scientific literature in a foreign language. They also publish their scientific articles in English and place their findings on the Internet, so as they could be available for scientists all over the world. Post graduates are often involved in international conferences where they are required to know foreign languages to prove their worth. That is why to know English is absolutely necessary for any educated person, for any good specialist. It can improve their career prospects and boost their salaries. Remember the saying: 'You can use your own language to buy things, but if you want to sell, you must use the language of your customers'.

When learning a foreign language, it is important to know about the culture of the country where the language is spoken. Cultural awareness is just as important as linguistic skills. What is more, if you are a post-graduate student, it will make your research far more interesting, useful and exciting.

Questions:

1 Why are foreign languages in great demand, especially at the present time? 2 What is the main international language today?

3 Why is the problem of learning English in Russia so urgent at present?

4 How does learning English help post-graduate students in writing a thesis?

5 It's necessary to use Russian and foreign sources of information in a thesis, isn't it? 6 What can happen when a post-graduate makes his creative work available in the Net?

7 How can a post-graduate prove his worth?

8 What opportunities does a post-graduate with a good command of a foreign language have?

Words and Phrases:

to open up opportunities - предоставлять возможности foreign language -

иностранный язык

efficient means of information exchange - эффективные средства обмена информации

to integrate into - объединять, составлять целое

to contribute to - сделать вклад в urgent - необходимый, значительный, важный to be highly appreciated - цениться, быть в цене

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manuscript - рукопись

numerous sites - многочисленные сайты available - доступный

to be involved in — быть вовлечённым

to prove one's worth - доказать свою значимость to make a career — сделать карьеру

9 Примерные тексты для чтения по специальности

Текст № 1 (специальность – история)

War Communism

Even after the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly, it was not clear what form of government the Bolsheviks would be able to install, what its relations would be with local soviets as local centres of power, nor what kind of support it would receive from the various sectors of the population. The Bolsheviks had called for 'All Power to the Soviets', but Lenin clearly had reservations about that slogan, and the manner in which he had established Sovnarkom did not augur well for the future of decentralized government. The Bolsheviks had also talked a great deal of the 'dictatorship of the proletariat' and had called their new government a 'Workers' and Peasants' Government'; but how was the proletariat to put their new-found authority into effect? What was to be the relation between the new centralized institutions of the Soviet government (admittedly as yet largely on paper) and bodies like trade unions and factory committees, which had their own narrower interests to defend?

The Bolsheviks had absolutely no clear answer to these questions. As we have seen, they were divided over how and even whether to seize power.

Even Lenin himself had no clear conception of how he was going to run the enormous, divided, war-torn country. He fully admitted this. Not long before the seizure of power, he said, ‘We do not pretend that Marx or Marxists know the road to socialism in detail. That is nonsense. We know the direction of the road, we know what class forces lead along it, but concretely, practically, this will be shown by the experience of millions when they decide to act.' He did have a general vision, expounded in State and Revolution, of ordinary workers and peasants taking over the smoothly running mechanism of the imperialist economy.

(From “A History of the Soviet Union” by G. Hosking. London 1992, pp. 57-58.

Текст №2 (специальность – педагогика)

Well-matured students

By any standards, Nigel Bridge has had a distinguished career. Now aged 77, he is a peer of the realm, a former senior law lord and an Honorary Fellow of Wolfson College, Cambridge. The only set of letters missing after his name is BA, because the man who sentenced the Birmingham Six never went to university.

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But now Lord Bridge is completing his education by taking an Open University degree in mathematics, a subject he last studied for School Certificate before the war. He started the degree in 1992 and plans to graduate by the year 2000, when he will be

83. “My grandchildren will have degrees of their own by then, but they will be there to see me,” he says cheerfully.

“We live and learn, but none the wiser get,” said the 17th – century clergyman John Pomfret, but Lord Bridge and hundreds like him are determined to prove him wrong. (From “The Time”, June, 1996).

Список использованных источников

1 Абелева, И. Ю. Механизмы коммуникативной речи: учебномонографическое пособие / И.Ю. Абелева; под ред. В.И. Селиверстов. - М.: Парадигма, 2012. - 288 с. - (Специальная коррекционная педагогика). - ISBN 978-5-4214-0012-7; То же [Электронный ресурс]. - URL: http://biblioclub.ru/index.php?page=book&id=210524.

2 Кожаева, М.Г. Грамматика английского языка в таблицах: учебное пособие [Электронный ресурс] / М.Г. Кожаева. – М.: Флинта: Наука, 2010. – 120с.- ISBN 978-5-9765-0776-0 (Флинта), ISBN 978-5-02-034647-5 (Наука). - Режим доступа: http://www.biblioclub.ru/.

3. Спасибухова, А. Н. Деловой английский язык: учебное пособие для студентов, обучающихся по программам высшего профессионального образования для гуманитарных и социально-экономических направлений подготовки / А. Н. Спасибухова, И. Н. Раптанова, К. В. Буркеева; М-во образования и науки Рос. Федерации, Федер. гос. бюджет. образоват. учреждение высш. проф. образования "Оренбург. гос. ун-т". - Оренбург: ОГУ,

2013. - 163 с. - Библиогр.: с. 80. - Прил.: с. 81-163. - ISBN 978-5-4417-0319-2.

Издание на др. носителе [Электронный ресурс].

4. Турлова, Е. В. Rendering and summary writing: учебное пособие для студентов, обучающихся по программам высшего профессионального образования по направлениям подготовки 032700.62 Филология / Е. В. Турлова; М-во образования и науки Рос. Федерации, Федер. гос. бюджет. образоват. учреждение высш. проф. образования "Оренбург. гос. ун-т". - Оренбург:

ОГИМ, 2014. - 112 c. - Библиогр.: с. 112. - ISBN 978-5-9723-0156-0.

Издание на др. носителе [Электронный ресурс]

5Collins. Русско-английский, англо-русский словарь. - Harper Collins Publishers, 1994. - 563p.

6Margaret van Naerssen, Moya Brennan. SciTech. - Heinle Publishers, 1995. - 320p.

7Moscow News, 2004 # 1.

8Stuart Redman. English Vocabulary in Use. - Cambridge University Press, 1997. - 270p.

9Thomas Kral. Economic considerations. English through content: applied economics. - Washington, 1996. - 135p.

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Учебное пособие

Т.С. Бочкарева Е.В. Дмитриева Н.В. Иноземцева Т.В. Минакова Н.С. Сахарова В.Л. Темкина

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК ДЛЯ АСПИРАНТОВ

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