Английский язык = English. Учебное пособие-1
.pdf3.We must control our working capital more effectively.
4.Can you give me any suggestions?
5.I think we could cut down sales of Vik Energy Saver.
6.We will end up with more dollars of profit.
7.Our return on capital will certainly improve.
8.Could you go over it again?
Exercise 5. Ask and answer questions. Start your answers with
I think …, believe… . Work in pairs.
1.How the figures in operating expenses changed.
2.How the total cost of sales raised.
3.What the reasons of such overheads were.
4.What the fall in the gross profit margin was caused by.
5.What the bank manager was worried about.
6.What expenses the company must control more effectively.
7.What the Managing Director refused to cut down.
8.What the FC’s suggestions were.
Exercise 6. Look at these examples and decide which the most polite forms of criticizing are.
You didn’t lock the door. |
You should have locked the door. |
You didn’t phone the cus- |
You should have phoned the |
tomer. |
customer. |
You left the computer |
You shouldn’t have left the |
turned on. |
computer turned on. |
Exercise 7. Change these sentences into the should have form.
1.You didn’t speak to the bank manager about our overdraft.
2.You didn’t inform the manager about the increase in our operating expenses.
3.You left the Balance Sheet on the secretary’s desk.
4.You didn’t close the main door.
5.You left the key in the door.
6.You didn’t check the figures.
7.You didn’t give any suggestions for action.
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8.You didn’t notice the mistake in the calculations.
9.You didn’t come in time.
10.You forgot the necessary papers.
11.You didn’t write to the customer.
12.You didn’t listen.
Exercise 8. Work in groups. Make up short dialogues as in the model.
Model:
A:I don’t seem to be able to prepare a report.
B:It’s your own fault. You should be more organized. / You shouldn’t do everything by yourself.
C:Yes, if you were more organized you’d prepare it in time.
1. A is always late for work.
5. A feels completely exhausted.
2.A keeps losing papers.
3.A can’t control his/her money.
4.A can’t get a job.
6.A never asks for advice.
7.A always fails to do the balance.
8.A can’t make forecasts.
Exercise 9. Complete the dialogues.
1) A: I expected that extra sales of our new product would produce more profit.
B: Unfortunately, …
A:Yes, the gross margin on the product is very low.
B:…
2)A: We must control our working capital more effectively.
B:…
A:Well, I suppose we could reduce sales on the product.
B:….
3)A: What do you think head office would say about this idea?
B:…
A:I know we won’t be able to reduce some costs.
B:…
4)A: In last year’s figures there was a 15 per cent increase in operating expenses.
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B: And of course …
A:These overheads together with the rise in labour costs raised the total cost of sales.
B:By how many per cent …?
5)A: Let’s have a quick look at the last year’s Balance Sheet.
B:…
A:Well, this shouldn’t take a minute. Our inventories were 30 per cent higher last year. But note that sales rose only 15 per cent.
B:…
6)A: …
B:Reduce turnover! Is this some kind of joke?
A:…
B:That’s rather difficult to follow.
7)A: The bank manager rang me yesterday to tell about the increase in our overdraft. …?
B:Well, mainly because we’ve been borrowing extra working capital.
A:…? I want to tell the managers as soon as possible.
B:…
Exercise 10. Work in pairs. Make up short dialogues and act them out taking the roles of a manager and a financial controller.
1.You want to get the information about the factory overheads.
2.You try to calculate operating expenses.
3.The Balance Sheet has not been prepared on time.
4.The bank increased the interest.
5.There is an increase in company’s overdraft.
6.You want to improve the profit situation.
7.You suggest cutting turnover.
8.One of you has a meeting with a customer in a few minutes.
9.The company’s inventories are large.
10.It’s impossible to reduce some costs.
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Exercise 11. Make your choice of words in italics.
1.We ended the year owing/giving trade creditors 10 per cent more than in the 2000’s.
2.We must look at the figures/numbers in more detail.
3.Our return/rise on capital will certainly improve.
4.Can you give any suggestions/receivables for action now?
5.The rest/risk was covered by the extra money borrowed from the bank.
6.Extra sales could produce/increase more profit.
7.We’ll be selling mostly/most products with higher gross margins.
8.This caused/covered the fall in the gross margin.
9.Don’t change the sales volume/storage.
10.The extra credit was financing/borrowing the increase in the current assets.
Exercise 12. Find the proper answer to the following questions.
1.What wasn’t clear to the Managing Director?
a)the financial situation b) the overdraft facility c) the fall in the gross margin d) interest charges
2.The Managing Director mentions two extra production costs. What are they?
a) labour costs and factory overheads b) inventory increases and operating expenses
3.How much had the sales increased since last year?
a)seven and a half per cent b) 21 per cent c) 39 per cent
d)by 27 per cent
4.What Financial document does the Financial Controller mention?
a) Balance Sheet b) overdraft c) customer receivables
d)working capital
5.The Financial Controller mentions an increased cost. What types of costs had increased?
a)production costs b) cost of sales c) borrowing costs
d)current assets
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6. What accountancy concept does the Financial Controller mention which will help them to understand the question?
a) profit b) gross margin c) working capital d) overheads
Exercise 13. Put the sentences in the right order to make a story.
A.Then inventory increased.
B.Finally all these and factory overheads raised the total cost of sales.
C.The first thing that happened was government raised interest rates.
D.After that administration overheads went up.
E.In the end gross profit margin fell.
F.The next thing was a steep rise in labour costs.
Exercise 14. Read the questions in the left column and decide which response should follow the manager’s question.
1. Could you tell me what the worst |
a) large inventory in- |
increase was? |
creases. |
2. What would improve the profit |
b) by increasing the mar- |
situation? |
gins. |
3. What do you think raised the to- |
c) reducing sales. |
tal cost of sales? |
|
4. What was the bank manager |
d) in the interest rate. |
worried about? |
|
5. How is it possible to cut turn- |
e) the increase in the |
over? |
company’s overdraft. |
6. I am wondering what the rest |
f) that’s rather difficult |
was covered by? |
to consider. |
7. What do you think head office |
g) that’s necessary to |
would say? |
consider. |
8. Do you believe overall we would |
h) by the extra money. |
end up with more dollars of profit? |
|
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Exercise 15. Respond to the situations as shown in the example.
Make use of if-sentences in your answers.
Situation: The company is going to cut down sales. The gross profit margin will certainly reduce.
Response: If the company cuts down sales, the gross profit margin will certainly reduce.
Or If the company cut down sales, the gross profit margin would certainly reduce.
1.The company is going to reduce sales of the Vik Energy Saver. Their turnover will fall down.
2.They try to increase the margins on all the other products. It will certainly improve the profit situation.
3.The Financial Controller wants to cut turnover. The Managing Director doesn’t agree.
4.The inventories were 40 per cent higher last year. The customers’ receivables were up by 31 per cent.
5.We must control our working capital more effectively. Our return on capital will certainly improve.
Exercise 16. Make up dialogues on the following situations.
1.Вы – вице-президент компании. Главный бухгалтер сообщает вам о том, что операционные расходы вашей компании возросли, а прибыль упала. Вы удивлены этой информации и просите объяснить ситуацию. Ваш собеседник предлагает просмотреть балансовый отчет и проанализировать коэффициент валовой прибыли. Вы хотите получить конкретные предложения по улучшению финансовой ситуации в компании.
2.Вы – представитель банка. Начните беседу с традиционных формул вежливости. Затем сообщите, что вы обеспокоены состоянием счетов данной компании. Задолженность по выплатам по кредиту возросла на 3 процента по сравнению
спрошлым годом. Ваш собеседник говорит, что это связано
собщим сокращением валовой прибыли. Компания собирается сократить товарооборот, но продавать больше товаров с высоким валовым доходом. В результате они надеются получить
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желаемый экономический эффект – увеличить доходы компании и стабилизировать выплаты по банковскому займу.
Exercise 17. Give answers to the following questions and discuss them.
1.What do the overheads of the company include?
2.What caused the fall in the gross profit margin?
3.Why did the company’s borrowing go up?
4.What points of the Balance Sheet does the Financial Controller analyze in his report?
5.What particular measures should be taken to improve the profit situation of a company?
6.What does the Financial Controller advise to do about Primrose falling profits?
Exercise 18. Discuss the following points.
1.What particular measures should be taken to improve the profit situation of a company?
2.Imagine that you’re the Financial Controller. Using the information from the illustrative dialogue prepare a report about the financial situation in Primrose with your notes and suggestions.
3.You’re the Primrose Managing Director. You’re worried about falling profits of the company. What questions would you like to clear up with your Financial Controller?
Exercise 19. Read the illustrative dialogue again and speak on the company’s Balance Sheet and sales on behalf of a company’s controller or a managing director.
UNIT 7
INVENTORY
1.Inventory Valuation: Determining Cost and Using Cost Flow Assumptions.
2.Inventory Accounting Systems.
Grammar: Modal Verbs.
PHONETIC AND LEXICAL EXERCISES
Exercise 1. Pronounce the following words:
|
|
: |
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cost |
flow |
raw |
amount |
stock |
total |
reported |
accounting |
bond |
both |
normally |
count |
property |
growth |
order |
|
operating |
low |
default |
|
from |
|
cause |
|
follow |
|
instalment |
|
embody |
|
|
|
Exercise 2. Practise the pronunciation of the following words.
Security, inventory, supply, merchandising, property, verify, perpetual, employ, uncertainly, warranty, liability.
Exercise 3. Read the following words and translate them into Russian.
Effect, cycle, total, activity, material, operate, process, utilize, balance, dealer, company, finance, practice, system, transit, period, agent, industry, economic, special.
Exercise 4. Underline prefixes and suffixes in the words below and translate the words into Russian.
To compare – comparative, comparatively, comparable, incomparable, incomparably;
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to exclude – exclusion, exclusive, exclusively; to accept – acceptance, acceptable, unacceptable.
Exercise 5. Form the lines of words by analogy with the examples above.
Possible, large, success, use, to pay, to restrict.
Exercise 6. Read the words of the active vocabulary:
1)inventory – инвентаризация; материальные ценности
2)assets – активы
3)costs – издержки
4)to intend – намереваться
5)to incorporate – объединять(ся)
6)property – имущество
7)to merchandize – торговать
8)expenses – расходы
9)to depreciate –изнашиваться
10)income – доход
11)securities – ценные бумаги
12)total – сумма
13)valuation – оценка
14)current – оборотный
15)stock – товарно-материальные запасы; инвентаризация
16)flow – движение; поток
17)to incur – нести, терпеть (расходы, убытки)
Exercise 7. Match the equivalents from the two columns.
1) inventory |
a) торговать |
2) balance sheet |
b) активы |
3) assets |
c) имущество |
4) property |
d) балансовый отчет |
5) merchandize |
e) остаточный |
6) depreciate |
f) существенный |
7) deduct |
g) рыночный |
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8) debit |
h) оборотный |
9) residual |
i) материальные ценности |
10) current |
j) дебетовать |
11) marketable |
k) удерживать |
12) significant |
l) изнашиваться |
Exercise 8. Make up word combinations. Translate them into Russian:
I. |
1) cash |
a) flow |
|
2) operating |
b) activities |
|
3) income |
c) statement |
|
4) significant |
d) assets |
II. |
1) overhead |
a) costs |
|
2) manufacturing |
b) company |
|
3) perpetual |
c) inventory |
|
4) residual |
d) amount |
III. |
1) on-hand |
a) inventory |
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2) work-in |
b) process |
|
3) operating |
c) cycle |
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4) legal |
d) title |
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5) purchases |
e) account |
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6) accounting |
f) period |
Exercise 9. Insert the words from the box to make sense. The words are given below.
Production costs, low-income, cost, stock, expense, interest, currency, liquid assets, asset, expenses, income, flow, production process, losses, profits.
1.An inventory of all the … has to be made before the shop can be sold.
2.High … lead to high prices in the shops.
3.The students are given $50 a year to cover the … of books and stationary.
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